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Bioenergy is renewable energy obtained from biomass—any organic material that has stored sunlight in the form of chemical energy. Biogas is among the biofuels that can be obtained from biomass resources, including biodegradable wastes like manure, sewage sludge, the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes, slaughterhouse waste, crop residues, and more recently lignocellulosic biomass and algae. Within the framework of the circular economy, biogas production from biodegradable waste is particularly interesting, as it helps to save resources while reducing environmental pollution. Besides, lignocellulosic biomass and algae do not compete for arable land with food crops (in contrast with energy crops). Hence, they constitute a novel source of biomass for bioenergy.Biogas plants may involve both high-tech and low-tech digesters, ranging from industrial-scale plants to small-scale farms and even households. They pose an alternative for decentralized bioenergy production in rural areas. Indeed, the biogas produced can be used in heaters, engines, combined heat and power units, and even cookstoves at the household level. Notwithstanding, digesters are considered to be a sustainable technology that can improve the living conditions of farmers by covering energy needs and boosting nutrient recycling. Thanks to their technical, socio-economic, and environmental benefits, rural biogas plants have been spreading around the world since the 1970s, with a large focus on farm-based systems and households. However, several challenges still need to be overcome in order to improve the technology and financial viability.

Technology: general issues --- Environmental science, engineering & technology --- Mixing --- optimised --- household digester --- Chinese dome digester (CDD) --- self-agitation --- blank --- mixing --- Chinese dome digester --- impeller mixed digester --- unstirred digester --- hydraulically mixed --- total solids (TS) concentration --- plug-flow reactor --- anaerobic digestion --- animal manures --- biogas --- unconfined gas injection mixing --- mixing recirculation --- biomethane potential tests --- Italy --- manure --- energy crops --- agriculture residues --- digestate --- biochemical methane potential --- micro-aeration --- iron --- bioenergy --- H2S scrubber --- methane --- fermentation --- dairy --- poultry --- absorbent --- ammonia --- inhibition --- acclimatization --- trace elements --- anaerobic treatment --- energy assessment --- rural sanitation --- sludge --- wastewater --- agricultural runoff --- biomethane --- biorefinery --- microalgae --- photobioreactor --- pretreatment --- low cost digester --- psychrophilic anaerobic digestion --- thermal behavior --- anaerobic co-digestion --- slaughterhouse wastewater --- synergistic effects --- kinetic modeling --- biodegradability

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The subject of this book is ""Biofuel and Bioenergy Technology"". It aims to publish high-quality review and research papers, addressing recent advances in biofuel and bioenergy. State-of-the-art studies of advanced techniques of biorefinery for biofuel production are also included. Research involving experimental studies, recent developments, and novel and emerging technologies in this field are covered. This book contains twenty-seven technical papers which cover diversified biofuel and bioenergy technology-related research that have shown critical results and contributed significant findings to the fields of biomass processing, pyrolysis, bio-oil and its emulsification; transesterification and biodiesel, gasification and syngas, fermentation and biogas/methane, bioethanol and alcohol-based fuels, solid fuel and biochar, and microbial fuel cell and power generation development. The published contents relate to the most important techniques and analyses applied in the biofuel and bioenergy technology.

equilibrium model --- simulation --- syngas --- waste biomass --- calcination --- polymer electrolyte membrane --- combined pretreatment --- anaerobic digestion --- alkali pretreatment --- validation --- biodiesel --- synergistic effect --- relative humidity --- unbleached paper --- synergistic effects --- waste wood --- RSM --- stone fruit --- corn stover --- microbial community --- fatty acid methyl ester --- acid pretreatment --- energy exchange --- coal-fired flue-gas --- bio-electro-Fenton microbial fuel cells (Bio-E-Fenton MFCs) --- SOFC --- lignocellulose --- bio-oils --- diesel --- seed oil --- Clostridiales --- liquefaction --- sewage sludge --- counter-flow structure --- lignin recovery --- Vietnam --- iodine value --- hydrodynamic boundary layer --- energy yield --- second-generation biodiesel --- CHO index --- Jerusalem artichoke --- Carica papaya --- mass yield --- biochemical methane potential --- Chlorella --- engine performance --- emulsification --- single cell oil --- chemical oxygen demand (COD) --- anaerobic fermentation --- superabsorbent polymer --- isopropanol --- viscosity --- esterification --- mathematical modeling --- charge transfer resistance --- ball mill --- Annona muricata --- membrane bioreactors --- ethanol organosolv --- direct transesterification --- Methanothermobacter --- screening --- Rhodotorula glutinis --- pyrolytic oil --- acetone --- soursop --- degradation --- torrefaction --- alcohols --- electroactive biofilm --- nitric acid --- organosolv pretreatment --- optimisation --- digester performance --- biodiesel production --- air-steam gasification --- acidity index --- prairie cord grass --- thermophoretic force --- recirculation mode --- wastewater --- alkanes --- tar --- biogas production --- two-step process --- thermogravimetric analysis --- electrochemical hydrogenation --- enzymatic hydrolysis --- herbaceous biomass --- hydrogen/carbon monoxide ratio --- solid biofuel --- biodiesel testing --- catalyst --- exergy --- membrane contamination --- characterisation --- Nejayote --- methane --- photo catalyst --- gross calorific value --- bioreactors --- wastewater treatment --- response surface methodology --- MFC --- redox potential reduction --- microbial biofuel --- ethanol fermentation --- mechanical durability --- Van Krevelen diagram --- biodiesel property --- direct interspecies electron transfer --- lignocellulosic biomass --- methane and carbon dioxide conversion --- liquid lipase --- non-premixed combustion --- hydrogen-producing bacteria --- surfactant --- Taguchi method --- shear rate --- carbon dioxide --- calorific value --- biomass fuel --- granular activated carbon --- porosity --- biogas --- Miscanthus --- mixotrophic cultivation --- first-law/second-law efficiency --- voltage --- microbial community composition --- small-scale biogas plants --- mechanical pretreatment --- developing countries --- transesterification --- process stability --- co-surfactant --- thermophilic anaerobic digestion --- tri-reforming process --- metabolic engineering --- exergy efficiency

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The subject of this book is ""Biofuel and Bioenergy Technology"". It aims to publish high-quality review and research papers, addressing recent advances in biofuel and bioenergy. State-of-the-art studies of advanced techniques of biorefinery for biofuel production are also included. Research involving experimental studies, recent developments, and novel and emerging technologies in this field are covered. This book contains twenty-seven technical papers which cover diversified biofuel and bioenergy technology-related research that have shown critical results and contributed significant findings to the fields of biomass processing, pyrolysis, bio-oil and its emulsification; transesterification and biodiesel, gasification and syngas, fermentation and biogas/methane, bioethanol and alcohol-based fuels, solid fuel and biochar, and microbial fuel cell and power generation development. The published contents relate to the most important techniques and analyses applied in the biofuel and bioenergy technology.

equilibrium model --- simulation --- syngas --- waste biomass --- calcination --- polymer electrolyte membrane --- combined pretreatment --- anaerobic digestion --- alkali pretreatment --- validation --- biodiesel --- synergistic effect --- relative humidity --- unbleached paper --- synergistic effects --- waste wood --- RSM --- stone fruit --- corn stover --- microbial community --- fatty acid methyl ester --- acid pretreatment --- energy exchange --- coal-fired flue-gas --- bio-electro-Fenton microbial fuel cells (Bio-E-Fenton MFCs) --- SOFC --- lignocellulose --- bio-oils --- diesel --- seed oil --- Clostridiales --- liquefaction --- sewage sludge --- counter-flow structure --- lignin recovery --- Vietnam --- iodine value --- hydrodynamic boundary layer --- energy yield --- second-generation biodiesel --- CHO index --- Jerusalem artichoke --- Carica papaya --- mass yield --- biochemical methane potential --- Chlorella --- engine performance --- emulsification --- single cell oil --- chemical oxygen demand (COD) --- anaerobic fermentation --- superabsorbent polymer --- isopropanol --- viscosity --- esterification --- mathematical modeling --- charge transfer resistance --- ball mill --- Annona muricata --- membrane bioreactors --- ethanol organosolv --- direct transesterification --- Methanothermobacter --- screening --- Rhodotorula glutinis --- pyrolytic oil --- acetone --- soursop --- degradation --- torrefaction --- alcohols --- electroactive biofilm --- nitric acid --- organosolv pretreatment --- optimisation --- digester performance --- biodiesel production --- air-steam gasification --- acidity index --- prairie cord grass --- thermophoretic force --- recirculation mode --- wastewater --- alkanes --- tar --- biogas production --- two-step process --- thermogravimetric analysis --- electrochemical hydrogenation --- enzymatic hydrolysis --- herbaceous biomass --- hydrogen/carbon monoxide ratio --- solid biofuel --- biodiesel testing --- catalyst --- exergy --- membrane contamination --- characterisation --- Nejayote --- methane --- photo catalyst --- gross calorific value --- bioreactors --- wastewater treatment --- response surface methodology --- MFC --- redox potential reduction --- microbial biofuel --- ethanol fermentation --- mechanical durability --- Van Krevelen diagram --- biodiesel property --- direct interspecies electron transfer --- lignocellulosic biomass --- methane and carbon dioxide conversion --- liquid lipase --- non-premixed combustion --- hydrogen-producing bacteria --- surfactant --- Taguchi method --- shear rate --- carbon dioxide --- calorific value --- biomass fuel --- granular activated carbon --- porosity --- biogas --- Miscanthus --- mixotrophic cultivation --- first-law/second-law efficiency --- voltage --- microbial community composition --- small-scale biogas plants --- mechanical pretreatment --- developing countries --- transesterification --- process stability --- co-surfactant --- thermophilic anaerobic digestion --- tri-reforming process --- metabolic engineering --- exergy efficiency

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In recent years, peptides have received increased interest from the pharmaceutical industry. The high potency, specificity, and safety profile are the main strengths of bioactive peptides as new and promising therapies that may fill the gap between small molecules and protein drugs. These positive attributes have renewed interest in the discovery, optimization, and development of peptides as pharmacological therapy. Among bioactive peptides, those released from food sources have acquired importance as nutraceutical and active components in functional foods because they possess regulatory functions that can lead to health benefits. This Special Issue covers a selection of recent research papers and reviews in the field of bioactive peptides. It covers all aspects of peptide research in relation to health promotion. In particular, it emphasizes current knowledge and research trends concerning bioactive peptides, including identification and quantification of peptides from new sources, methods for their production and purification, structure–function relationships, mechanisms of action, in vitro and in vivo assays for the evaluation of their bioactivity, physiological evidence to support health benefits, and peptide stability and bioavailability. Papers regarding the development of new drugs, functional foods, or nutraceuticals based on bioactive peptides were also considered.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- antihypertensive peptides --- functional food --- food-derived --- fermentation --- Chlorella sorokiniana --- in silico --- BIOPEP-UWM database --- proteomics --- bioactive peptides --- nano liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC–nanoESI MS/MS) --- apolipoprotein E --- amyloid fibrils --- Alzheimer’s disease --- Αβ oligomer --- amyloid --- Aβ peptide --- glioma --- platelets --- antiproliferative assay --- conjugation --- docetaxel --- doxorubicin --- extra domain B --- fibronectin --- Fmoc/tBu --- peptide–drug conjugate --- prostate cancer --- solid-phase synthesis --- targeting --- acrylamide --- enteric nervous system --- galanin --- pig --- stomach --- formyl peptide receptors --- ligands --- diseases --- polymicrobial biofilms --- intragenic antimicrobial peptide --- Hs02 --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- Staphylococcus aureus --- osteostatin --- arthritis --- inflammation --- immune response --- cartilage destruction --- bone erosion --- collagen --- hydrolysis --- enzyme --- molecular weight --- sheepskin --- NF-κB --- dry-cured pork ham --- angiotensin I converting enzyme --- endothelial dysfunction --- molecular blind docking --- Lactoferricin B (Lfcin B) --- Histatin-5 --- antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) --- antifungal activity --- proteome microarray --- synergy --- temporin --- MRSA --- antimicrobial peptide --- human keratinocytes --- pseudin-2 --- antisepsis, peptide antibiotics --- neurotensin --- asthma --- T cells --- In situ tetramer staining --- MHC tetramer --- antigen-specific --- confocal microscopy --- fresh tissue --- velvet antler --- alcalase hydrolysate --- antioxidant peptide --- protection ability --- oxidative stress --- Crassostrea angulata --- pidotimod --- CXCR3 --- monocyte --- migration --- PI3K/Akt pathway --- T cell --- immunomodulant --- host defense peptides --- membrane activity --- copper --- piscidins --- Clostridioides difficile --- prolactin-releasing peptide --- GPR10 --- RF-amide peptides --- food intake regulation --- energy expenditure --- neuroprotection --- signaling --- gender differences --- dyslipidemia --- obesity --- hyperglycemia --- pulmonary emphysema --- endothelial progenitor cells --- angiogenic precursor cells --- pegylated glucagon-like peptide 1 --- and endothelial regeneration --- miiuy croaker (Miichthys miiuy) --- swim bladder --- FPYLRH --- antioxidant activity --- cytoprotective effect --- antimicrobial peptides --- antimicrobial resistance --- AMP identification and design --- biosynthesis --- mode of action --- physico-chemical properties --- therapeutic potential --- insects --- Cecropins --- Cec-analogs --- MDR infectious diseases --- airway inflammation --- non-atopic asthma --- hybrid peptide --- pro-inflammatory cytokines --- sPLA2 --- MDA --- database --- proteolysis --- SMILES code --- foods --- nutrition --- chronic diseases --- nutraceuticals --- peptide vaccine --- immune checkpoint inhibitor --- humanized mouse --- cancer antigen --- immune suppression --- vasoactive intestinal peptide --- VPAC1 receptor --- VPAC2 receptor --- rheumatic diseases --- inflammatory bowel disease --- central nervous system diseases --- type 1 diabetes --- Sjögren’s syndrome --- biomarkers --- human antimicrobial peptides --- defensins --- cathelicidins --- anti-inflammatory --- pro-inflammatory --- peptide --- combinatorial library --- library design --- screening --- mutagenesis --- prolyl-hydroxyproline (Pro-Hyp) --- hydroxyprolyl-glycine (Hyp-Gly) --- collagen peptide --- fibroblasts --- fetal bovine serum (FBS) --- AMD --- CNV --- VEGFR1 --- multimeric peptides --- oral delivery --- colorectal cancer --- cancer stem cells --- chemoprevention --- bioactive peptide --- lunasin --- ACE-inhibitory activity --- whey peptides --- molecular docking --- hypertension --- antibiotic resistance --- cystic fibrosis --- cryptides --- anti-biofilm peptides --- synergistic effects --- n/a --- nano liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-nanoESI MS/MS) --- Alzheimer's disease --- peptide-drug conjugate --- Sjögren's syndrome

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In recent years, peptides have received increased interest from the pharmaceutical industry. The high potency, specificity, and safety profile are the main strengths of bioactive peptides as new and promising therapies that may fill the gap between small molecules and protein drugs. These positive attributes have renewed interest in the discovery, optimization, and development of peptides as pharmacological therapy. Among bioactive peptides, those released from food sources have acquired importance as nutraceutical and active components in functional foods because they possess regulatory functions that can lead to health benefits. This Special Issue covers a selection of recent research papers and reviews in the field of bioactive peptides. It covers all aspects of peptide research in relation to health promotion. In particular, it emphasizes current knowledge and research trends concerning bioactive peptides, including identification and quantification of peptides from new sources, methods for their production and purification, structure–function relationships, mechanisms of action, in vitro and in vivo assays for the evaluation of their bioactivity, physiological evidence to support health benefits, and peptide stability and bioavailability. Papers regarding the development of new drugs, functional foods, or nutraceuticals based on bioactive peptides were also considered.

antihypertensive peptides --- functional food --- food-derived --- fermentation --- Chlorella sorokiniana --- in silico --- BIOPEP-UWM database --- proteomics --- bioactive peptides --- nano liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC–nanoESI MS/MS) --- apolipoprotein E --- amyloid fibrils --- Alzheimer’s disease --- Αβ oligomer --- amyloid --- Aβ peptide --- glioma --- platelets --- antiproliferative assay --- conjugation --- docetaxel --- doxorubicin --- extra domain B --- fibronectin --- Fmoc/tBu --- peptide–drug conjugate --- prostate cancer --- solid-phase synthesis --- targeting --- acrylamide --- enteric nervous system --- galanin --- pig --- stomach --- formyl peptide receptors --- ligands --- diseases --- polymicrobial biofilms --- intragenic antimicrobial peptide --- Hs02 --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- Staphylococcus aureus --- osteostatin --- arthritis --- inflammation --- immune response --- cartilage destruction --- bone erosion --- collagen --- hydrolysis --- enzyme --- molecular weight --- sheepskin --- NF-κB --- dry-cured pork ham --- angiotensin I converting enzyme --- endothelial dysfunction --- molecular blind docking --- Lactoferricin B (Lfcin B) --- Histatin-5 --- antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) --- antifungal activity --- proteome microarray --- synergy --- temporin --- MRSA --- antimicrobial peptide --- human keratinocytes --- pseudin-2 --- antisepsis, peptide antibiotics --- neurotensin --- asthma --- T cells --- In situ tetramer staining --- MHC tetramer --- antigen-specific --- confocal microscopy --- fresh tissue --- velvet antler --- alcalase hydrolysate --- antioxidant peptide --- protection ability --- oxidative stress --- Crassostrea angulata --- pidotimod --- CXCR3 --- monocyte --- migration --- PI3K/Akt pathway --- T cell --- immunomodulant --- host defense peptides --- membrane activity --- copper --- piscidins --- Clostridioides difficile --- prolactin-releasing peptide --- GPR10 --- RF-amide peptides --- food intake regulation --- energy expenditure --- neuroprotection --- signaling --- gender differences --- dyslipidemia --- obesity --- hyperglycemia --- pulmonary emphysema --- endothelial progenitor cells --- angiogenic precursor cells --- pegylated glucagon-like peptide 1 --- and endothelial regeneration --- miiuy croaker (Miichthys miiuy) --- swim bladder --- FPYLRH --- antioxidant activity --- cytoprotective effect --- antimicrobial peptides --- antimicrobial resistance --- AMP identification and design --- biosynthesis --- mode of action --- physico-chemical properties --- therapeutic potential --- insects --- Cecropins --- Cec-analogs --- MDR infectious diseases --- airway inflammation --- non-atopic asthma --- hybrid peptide --- pro-inflammatory cytokines --- sPLA2 --- MDA --- database --- proteolysis --- SMILES code --- foods --- nutrition --- chronic diseases --- nutraceuticals --- peptide vaccine --- immune checkpoint inhibitor --- humanized mouse --- cancer antigen --- immune suppression --- vasoactive intestinal peptide --- VPAC1 receptor --- VPAC2 receptor --- rheumatic diseases --- inflammatory bowel disease --- central nervous system diseases --- type 1 diabetes --- Sjögren’s syndrome --- biomarkers --- human antimicrobial peptides --- defensins --- cathelicidins --- anti-inflammatory --- pro-inflammatory --- peptide --- combinatorial library --- library design --- screening --- mutagenesis --- prolyl-hydroxyproline (Pro-Hyp) --- hydroxyprolyl-glycine (Hyp-Gly) --- collagen peptide --- fibroblasts --- fetal bovine serum (FBS) --- AMD --- CNV --- VEGFR1 --- multimeric peptides --- oral delivery --- colorectal cancer --- cancer stem cells --- chemoprevention --- bioactive peptide --- lunasin --- ACE-inhibitory activity --- whey peptides --- molecular docking --- hypertension --- antibiotic resistance --- cystic fibrosis --- cryptides --- anti-biofilm peptides --- synergistic effects --- n/a --- nano liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-nanoESI MS/MS) --- Alzheimer's disease --- peptide-drug conjugate --- Sjögren's syndrome