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Environmental performance rating and disclosure : an empirical investigation of China's green watch program
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Year: 2010 Publisher: Washington, D.C., The World Bank,

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Environmental performance rating and disclosure has emerged as an alternative or complementary approach to conventional pollution regulation, especially in developing countries. However, little systematic research has been conducted on the effectiveness of this emerging policy instrument. This paper investigates the impact of a Chinese performance rating and disclosure program, Green Watch, which has been operating for 10 years. To assess the impact of Green Watch, the authors use panel data on pollution emissions from rated and unrated firms, before and after implementation of the program. Controlling for the characteristics of firms and locations, time trend, and initial level of environmental performance, the analysis finds that firms covered by Green Watch improve their environmental performance more than non-covered firms. Bad performers improve more than good performers, and moderately non-compliant firms improve more than firms that are significantly out of compliance. The reasons for these different responses seem to be that the strengths of incentives that the disclosure program provides to the polluters at different levels of compliance are different and the abatement costs of achieving desired levels of ratings are different for different firms.


Book
Constructed and Floating Wetlands for Sustainable Water Reclamation
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Year: 2022 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Constructed wetlands (CWs) are engineered phytoremediation ecotechnologies. Herein, the two main biotic components, namely, plants and the bacterial community, work synergistically to remove a wide range of pollutants from wastewater. CWs have been used as sole treatment systems or as integrated modules within other types of wastewater-treatment plants (WWTPs), e.g., as tertiary treatment units. This Special Issue and Book gathers and appraises recent research outcomes regarding natural wetlands (i.e., mangroves) and engineered wetlands (constructed/floating systems), and highlights the underlying pollutant-degradation pathways and mechanisms for a wide range of organic and inorganic contaminants.

Keywords

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- phytoremediation --- heavy metal --- aquatic plants --- floating aquatic plants --- wastewater treatment --- floating treatment wetlands --- Cyperus laevigatus L --- diesel oil --- plant-bacteria synergism --- toxicity --- bio-augmentation --- dye degradation --- bacteria --- Phragmites australis --- acetaminophen --- mangrove sediments --- biodegradation --- aerobic conditions --- anaerobic conditions --- water --- plants --- microbes --- pollutants --- textile effluent --- hydroponic root mats --- plant-bacteria partnership --- detergents --- wastewater --- livestock wastewater --- Typha latifolia L. --- V-SSF systems --- total nitrogen --- COD --- total suspended solids --- constructed wetlands --- agricultural runoff --- chemicals of emerging concern --- veterinary antibiotics --- antibiotic resistant genes --- phytoremediation --- heavy metal --- aquatic plants --- floating aquatic plants --- wastewater treatment --- floating treatment wetlands --- Cyperus laevigatus L --- diesel oil --- plant-bacteria synergism --- toxicity --- bio-augmentation --- dye degradation --- bacteria --- Phragmites australis --- acetaminophen --- mangrove sediments --- biodegradation --- aerobic conditions --- anaerobic conditions --- water --- plants --- microbes --- pollutants --- textile effluent --- hydroponic root mats --- plant-bacteria partnership --- detergents --- wastewater --- livestock wastewater --- Typha latifolia L. --- V-SSF systems --- total nitrogen --- COD --- total suspended solids --- constructed wetlands --- agricultural runoff --- chemicals of emerging concern --- veterinary antibiotics --- antibiotic resistant genes


Book
Constructed and Floating Wetlands for Sustainable Water Reclamation
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are engineered phytoremediation ecotechnologies. Herein, the two main biotic components, namely, plants and the bacterial community, work synergistically to remove a wide range of pollutants from wastewater. CWs have been used as sole treatment systems or as integrated modules within other types of wastewater-treatment plants (WWTPs), e.g., as tertiary treatment units. This Special Issue and Book gathers and appraises recent research outcomes regarding natural wetlands (i.e., mangroves) and engineered wetlands (constructed/floating systems), and highlights the underlying pollutant-degradation pathways and mechanisms for a wide range of organic and inorganic contaminants.


Book
Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Lignocellulosic Waste
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Some terms, such as eco-friendly, circular economy and green technologies, have remained in our vocabulary, because the truth is that mankind is altering the planet to put its own subsistence at risk. Besides, for rationalization in the consumption of raw materials and energy, the recycling of waste through efficient and sustainable processes forms the backbone of the paradigm of a sustainable industry. One of the most relevant technologies for the new productive model is anaerobic digestion. Historically, anaerobic digestion has been developed in the field of urban wastes and wastewater treatments, but in the new challenge, its role is more relevant. Anaerobic digestion is a technologically mature biological treatment, which joins bioenergy production with the efficient removal of contaminants. This issue provides a specialized, but broad in scope, overview of the possibilities of the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass (mainly forestry and agricultural wastes), which is expected to be a more promising substrate for the development of biorefineries. Its conversion to bioenergy through anaerobic digestion must solve some troubles: the complex lignocellulosic structure needs to be deconstructed by pretreatments and a co-substrate may need to be added to improve the biological process. Ten selected works advance this proposal into the future.


Book
Constructed and Floating Wetlands for Sustainable Water Reclamation
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are engineered phytoremediation ecotechnologies. Herein, the two main biotic components, namely, plants and the bacterial community, work synergistically to remove a wide range of pollutants from wastewater. CWs have been used as sole treatment systems or as integrated modules within other types of wastewater-treatment plants (WWTPs), e.g., as tertiary treatment units. This Special Issue and Book gathers and appraises recent research outcomes regarding natural wetlands (i.e., mangroves) and engineered wetlands (constructed/floating systems), and highlights the underlying pollutant-degradation pathways and mechanisms for a wide range of organic and inorganic contaminants.


Book
Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Lignocellulosic Waste
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Some terms, such as eco-friendly, circular economy and green technologies, have remained in our vocabulary, because the truth is that mankind is altering the planet to put its own subsistence at risk. Besides, for rationalization in the consumption of raw materials and energy, the recycling of waste through efficient and sustainable processes forms the backbone of the paradigm of a sustainable industry. One of the most relevant technologies for the new productive model is anaerobic digestion. Historically, anaerobic digestion has been developed in the field of urban wastes and wastewater treatments, but in the new challenge, its role is more relevant. Anaerobic digestion is a technologically mature biological treatment, which joins bioenergy production with the efficient removal of contaminants. This issue provides a specialized, but broad in scope, overview of the possibilities of the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass (mainly forestry and agricultural wastes), which is expected to be a more promising substrate for the development of biorefineries. Its conversion to bioenergy through anaerobic digestion must solve some troubles: the complex lignocellulosic structure needs to be deconstructed by pretreatments and a co-substrate may need to be added to improve the biological process. Ten selected works advance this proposal into the future.


Book
Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Lignocellulosic Waste
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Some terms, such as eco-friendly, circular economy and green technologies, have remained in our vocabulary, because the truth is that mankind is altering the planet to put its own subsistence at risk. Besides, for rationalization in the consumption of raw materials and energy, the recycling of waste through efficient and sustainable processes forms the backbone of the paradigm of a sustainable industry. One of the most relevant technologies for the new productive model is anaerobic digestion. Historically, anaerobic digestion has been developed in the field of urban wastes and wastewater treatments, but in the new challenge, its role is more relevant. Anaerobic digestion is a technologically mature biological treatment, which joins bioenergy production with the efficient removal of contaminants. This issue provides a specialized, but broad in scope, overview of the possibilities of the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass (mainly forestry and agricultural wastes), which is expected to be a more promising substrate for the development of biorefineries. Its conversion to bioenergy through anaerobic digestion must solve some troubles: the complex lignocellulosic structure needs to be deconstructed by pretreatments and a co-substrate may need to be added to improve the biological process. Ten selected works advance this proposal into the future.

Keywords

Technology: general issues --- exhausted sugar beet pulp --- pig manure --- anaerobic co-digestion --- thermophilic --- lignocellulosic waste --- anaerobic digestion --- biogas --- optimization --- operating parameters --- review --- particle-rich substrate --- suspended solids disintegration --- disintegration kinetics --- cellulase --- lignocellulosic biomass --- pretreatment methods --- limitations --- hydro-thermal pretreatment --- biofuels --- feedstock and degradation pathway --- AD systems --- pretreatment technologies --- process stability --- codigestion --- rice straw --- nutrients --- recycling --- digestate --- methane --- corn residue --- organosolv pretreatment --- sugar beet by-products --- manure --- semi-continuous feeding mode --- methane improvement --- non-classical parameters --- sorghum mutant --- biomass --- soluble sugars --- dilute acid pretreatment --- one-pot process --- exhausted sugar beet pulp --- pig manure --- anaerobic co-digestion --- thermophilic --- lignocellulosic waste --- anaerobic digestion --- biogas --- optimization --- operating parameters --- review --- particle-rich substrate --- suspended solids disintegration --- disintegration kinetics --- cellulase --- lignocellulosic biomass --- pretreatment methods --- limitations --- hydro-thermal pretreatment --- biofuels --- feedstock and degradation pathway --- AD systems --- pretreatment technologies --- process stability --- codigestion --- rice straw --- nutrients --- recycling --- digestate --- methane --- corn residue --- organosolv pretreatment --- sugar beet by-products --- manure --- semi-continuous feeding mode --- methane improvement --- non-classical parameters --- sorghum mutant --- biomass --- soluble sugars --- dilute acid pretreatment --- one-pot process


Book
Sustainability in the Development of Water Systems Management
Author:
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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The concept of sustainability has been intensively used over the last decades since Brundtland´s report was published in 1987. This concept, due to its transversal, horizontal and interdisciplinary nature, can be used in many disciplines, scenarios, spatio-temporal dimensions and different circumstances. The intensive development in recent years of analytical techniques and tools based on disciplines such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, data mining, information theory and the Internet of Things, among others, has meant we are very well-placed for analysing the sustainability of water systems in a multiperspective way. Water systems management requires the most advanced approaches and tools for rigorously addressing all the dimensions involved in the sustainability of its development. Consequently, addressing the sustainability of water systems management may comprise physical (natural processes), chemical, socioeconomic, legal, institutional, infrastructure (engineering), political and cultural aspects, among others. This Special Issue welcomes general and specific contributions that address the sustainability of water systems management considering its development. Special interest will be given to those contributions that consider tradeoffs and/or integration between some of the aspects or disciplines that drive the sustainability of water systems in the context of their management and development.


Book
Sustainability in the Development of Water Systems Management
Author:
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

The concept of sustainability has been intensively used over the last decades since Brundtland´s report was published in 1987. This concept, due to its transversal, horizontal and interdisciplinary nature, can be used in many disciplines, scenarios, spatio-temporal dimensions and different circumstances. The intensive development in recent years of analytical techniques and tools based on disciplines such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, data mining, information theory and the Internet of Things, among others, has meant we are very well-placed for analysing the sustainability of water systems in a multiperspective way. Water systems management requires the most advanced approaches and tools for rigorously addressing all the dimensions involved in the sustainability of its development. Consequently, addressing the sustainability of water systems management may comprise physical (natural processes), chemical, socioeconomic, legal, institutional, infrastructure (engineering), political and cultural aspects, among others. This Special Issue welcomes general and specific contributions that address the sustainability of water systems management considering its development. Special interest will be given to those contributions that consider tradeoffs and/or integration between some of the aspects or disciplines that drive the sustainability of water systems in the context of their management and development.


Book
Sustainability in the Development of Water Systems Management
Author:
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

The concept of sustainability has been intensively used over the last decades since Brundtland´s report was published in 1987. This concept, due to its transversal, horizontal and interdisciplinary nature, can be used in many disciplines, scenarios, spatio-temporal dimensions and different circumstances. The intensive development in recent years of analytical techniques and tools based on disciplines such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, data mining, information theory and the Internet of Things, among others, has meant we are very well-placed for analysing the sustainability of water systems in a multiperspective way. Water systems management requires the most advanced approaches and tools for rigorously addressing all the dimensions involved in the sustainability of its development. Consequently, addressing the sustainability of water systems management may comprise physical (natural processes), chemical, socioeconomic, legal, institutional, infrastructure (engineering), political and cultural aspects, among others. This Special Issue welcomes general and specific contributions that address the sustainability of water systems management considering its development. Special interest will be given to those contributions that consider tradeoffs and/or integration between some of the aspects or disciplines that drive the sustainability of water systems in the context of their management and development.

Keywords

History of engineering & technology --- suspended solids --- unmanned aerial vehicle --- spectral imaging --- artificial neural networks --- water resource --- South Korean urban industry --- green use efficiency of industrial water (GUEIW) --- global non-radial directional distance function model (GNDDF) --- economic efficiency of industrial water use (ECEIW) --- environmental efficiency of industrial water use (ENEIW) --- water quality --- climate change --- Bayesian networks --- uncertainty --- multi-models --- prioritization --- geomorphometric parameters --- compound parameter --- geospatial distribution --- GIS --- GHGs --- aquatic factors --- random forest --- water temperature --- nitrogen --- sulfate --- concrete arch-dams --- stability scenarios --- deformation scenarios --- safety management --- sustainability assessment --- runoff --- temporal dependence --- rivers’ sustainability --- predictive methods --- causal reasoning --- runoff fractions --- water management --- contamination --- integrated water resources management --- groundwater --- pollution --- Sub-Saharan Africa --- transition management --- water safety plan --- aquifer management --- water governance --- irrigation --- unauthorized use --- barbate river basin --- biocalcarenites --- remote sensing --- citizen surveys --- artificial neural network (ANN) --- chemical oxygen demand (COD) --- wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) --- suspended solids --- unmanned aerial vehicle --- spectral imaging --- artificial neural networks --- water resource --- South Korean urban industry --- green use efficiency of industrial water (GUEIW) --- global non-radial directional distance function model (GNDDF) --- economic efficiency of industrial water use (ECEIW) --- environmental efficiency of industrial water use (ENEIW) --- water quality --- climate change --- Bayesian networks --- uncertainty --- multi-models --- prioritization --- geomorphometric parameters --- compound parameter --- geospatial distribution --- GIS --- GHGs --- aquatic factors --- random forest --- water temperature --- nitrogen --- sulfate --- concrete arch-dams --- stability scenarios --- deformation scenarios --- safety management --- sustainability assessment --- runoff --- temporal dependence --- rivers’ sustainability --- predictive methods --- causal reasoning --- runoff fractions --- water management --- contamination --- integrated water resources management --- groundwater --- pollution --- Sub-Saharan Africa --- transition management --- water safety plan --- aquifer management --- water governance --- irrigation --- unauthorized use --- barbate river basin --- biocalcarenites --- remote sensing --- citizen surveys --- artificial neural network (ANN) --- chemical oxygen demand (COD) --- wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)

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