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As the Guest Editor of this Special Issue entitled ""Science, Characterization, and Technology of Joining and Welding"" of Metals, I am pleased to have this book published by MDPI. Joining, including welding, soldering, brazing, and assembly, is an essential requirement in manufacturing processes and is classified as a secondary manufacturing process. This Special Issue of Metals includes technical and review papers on, but not limited to, different aspects of joining and welding, including welding technologies (i.e., fusion-based welding and solid-state welding), characterization, metallurgy and materials science, quality control, and design and numerical simulation. This Special Issue also includes the joining of different materials, including metal and non-metals (polymers and composites), including 17 peer-reviewed papers from several researchers all around the globe (China, Germany, Brazil, South Koria, Slovakia, USA, Taiwan, Canada, and India). As of this date (April 2020), the papers in this Special Issue have been cited 47 times by other researchers, which I think is an eminent number and shows the high quality of the published papers in this Issue. This Special Issue includes a large diversity of various subjects in the field of joining: laser welding, friction stir welding, diffusion bonding, multipass welding, rotary friction-welding, friction bit joining, adhesive bonding, weldbonding, simulation and experimentation, metal/FRP joints, welding simulation, plasma–TIG coupled arc welding, liquation cracking, soldering, resin bonding, microstructural characteristics, brazing, and friction stir butt and scarf welding. I would like to sincerely thank all the researchers who contributed to this Special Issue for their high-quality research. I also would like to acknowledge Mr. Toliver Guo, Senior Assistant Editor at MDPI, who continuously and tirelessly contributed toward this Special Issue by assisting me with inviting the authors and the follow ups. I think this Special Issue will enhance our knowledge and understanding in the field of joining and assembly. I would like to dedicate this book to my wife, Mehrnoosh, for her continued support and encouragement.

microstructure --- phased array ultrasonic --- thermophysical property --- FRP --- simulation --- eutectoid --- tint etching --- TAN alloy --- dissimilar material joining --- thermal compression bonding --- HAZ cracking --- welding thermal cycles --- IN738 superalloy --- carbide dissolution --- solder --- friction bit joining --- weld bonding --- interfacial microstructure --- adhesive thermos-mechanical property --- API 5L X80 steel --- scarf joint --- thermal spraying --- pores --- Cr-Mo steel --- welding --- hot pressing --- local brittle zone --- electrical properties --- Ti2AlNb alloy --- tool pin profiles --- adhesive bonding --- mechanical properties --- carbon fiber-reinforced polymer --- surface structuring --- m23c6 --- Zn-coated low carbon microalloyed steels --- flux-less soldering --- dissimilar joints --- energy-input --- medium thick plate model --- design of experiments --- oxide layer --- mechanical interlocking --- rotary friction-welding --- 22MnB5 --- ultrasonic bonding --- titanium --- anisotropy --- coupled arc --- heat-affected zone --- aluminum --- plasma-TIG --- joint mechanical properties --- hybrid joining --- microconstituent --- dual-phase steel --- high-crystalline content zirconia --- flex-on-board assembly --- active monomers --- butt joint --- copper --- clad filler foil --- SA213-T23 --- arc profile --- numerical simulation --- tailor welded blanks --- ceramics --- vacuum brazing --- coating --- longitudinal wave --- direct diffusion bonding --- metallurgy --- pressure distribution --- flow stress --- SnBi58 solder joint morphology --- adhesion --- dissimilar weldments --- laser welding --- distributed point heat sources model --- mechanical strength --- taguchi design --- bonding strength --- friction stir welding

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is one of the manufacturing processes that warrants the attention of industrialists, researchers and scientists, because of its ability to produce materials with a complex shape without theoretical restrictions and with added functionalities. There are several advantages to employing additive manufacturing as the primary additive manufacturing process. However, there exist several challenges that need to be addressed systematically. A couple such issues are alloy design and process development. Traditionally alloys designed for conventional cast/powder metallurgical processes were fabricated using advanced AM processes. This is the wrong approach considering that the alloys should be coined based on the process characteristics and meta-stable nature of the process. Hence, we must focus on alloy design and development for AM that suits the AM processes. The AM processes, however, improve almost every day, either in terms of processing capabilities or processing conditions. Hence, the processing part warrants a section that is devoted to these advancements and innovations. Accordingly, the present Special Issue (book) focuses on two aspects of alloy development and process innovations. Here, 45 articles are presented covering different AM processes including selective laser melting, electron beam melting, laser cladding, direct metal laser sintering, ultrasonic consolidation, wire arc additive manufacturing, and hybrid manufacturing. I believe that this Special Issue bears is vital to the field of AM and will be a valuable addition.

microstructure --- slag --- crystallographic texture --- epoxy solder --- additive manufacturing --- substrate preheating --- thermosetting epoxy resin --- AlSi10Mg alloy --- impact --- residual stress --- stability lobe diagram --- laves phase --- vanadium --- selective laser melting (SLM) --- molten pool dynamic behavior --- scanning strategy --- pulse frequency --- thin-walled weak rigidity parts --- scanning --- aluminum --- elastic abrasive --- 2219 aluminum alloy --- Powder bed --- ABS --- laser energy density --- equivalent processing model --- composition --- numerical analysis --- scanning electron microscopy (SEM) --- Hastelloy X alloy --- regular mixing --- texture evolution --- graphene nano-sheets (GNSs) --- Electron Beam Melting --- powder bed fusion --- microstructural evolution --- Mg content --- cement --- bulk metallic glasses --- grain refinement --- Taguchi --- intermediate thermo-mechanical treatment --- valorization --- microstructure and properties --- arc current --- high computational efficiency --- powder properties --- dynamic characteristics --- composite materials --- CuAl2 phase --- rapid solidification --- magnetizer --- M300 mold steel --- circular economy --- titanium alloy --- Al–5Si alloy --- Al–Mg–Si alloy --- ultrasonic bonding --- water absorption --- disc brake --- support strategy --- inoculation --- arc additive manufacture --- 3D metal printing --- ultrafast laser --- Hot Isostatic Pressure --- arc additive manufacturing --- continuous carbon fiber --- performance characteristics --- process-damping --- intermetallic compound (IMC) --- interfaces --- direct metal laser sintering --- porosity --- nickel-based superalloy --- element segregation --- hydrophobicity --- H13 tool steel --- Cu50Zr43Al7 --- metal powders --- parameter optimization --- side spatters --- powder packing --- 3D printing --- precipitates --- n/a --- simulation --- laser cladding deposition --- melt pool size --- quenching rate --- Al–Mg alloy --- tailored properties --- workpiece scale --- fatigue --- laser cladding --- Ti-6Al-4V --- deformation --- quality of the as-built parts --- model --- milling --- wire feeding additive manufacturing --- martensitic transformation --- ball milling --- Inconel 718 --- ablation --- in-process temperature in MPBAM --- subgranular dendrites --- porosity reduction --- femtosecond --- paint bake-hardening --- Al6061 --- defects --- continuous dynamic recrystallization --- wear --- Additive manufacturing --- volumetric heat source --- Ti6Al4V alloy --- AlSi10Mg --- radial grooves --- GH4169 --- temperature and stress fields --- laser powder bed fusion --- metallic glasses --- numerical simulation --- latent heat --- divisional scanning --- wire lateral feeding --- laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) --- heat treatment --- thermal behaviour --- fused filament fabrication --- microstructures --- thermal conductivity --- 12CrNi2 alloy steel powder --- tensile strength --- hot stamping steel blanks --- multi-laser manufacturing --- aluminum alloys --- additive surface structuring --- parts design --- process parameters --- thermal stress analysis --- SLM process parameters --- nickel alloys --- Al–Si --- powder flowability --- laser power absorption --- refractory high-entropy alloy --- localized inductive heating --- mechanical properties --- selective laser melting --- storage energy --- concrete --- mechanical property --- gray cast iron --- constitutive model --- analytical modeling --- hot deformation --- epitaxial growth --- design --- flowability --- amorphous alloy --- PSO-BP neural network algorithm --- molten pool evolution --- microhardness measurement --- macro defects --- thermal capillary effects --- finite element analysis --- dynamic properties --- WxNbMoTa --- properties --- Al-5Si alloy --- Al-Mg-Si alloy --- Al-Mg alloy --- Al-Si