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667.629.8 --- Academic collection --- Agents affecting surface finish. Agents producing special surface effects, textures --- Materials --- Metals --- Texture --- 667.629.8 Agents affecting surface finish. Agents producing special surface effects, textures --- Metallic elements --- Chemical elements --- Ores --- Metallurgy --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Materials - Texture - Congresses --- Metals - Texture - Congresses

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Steels and their heat treatment are still very important in modern industry because most industrial components are made from these materials. The proper choice of steel grades along with their suitable processing makes it possible to reduce the weight of the components, which is closely related to energy and fuel savings. This has decisive importance in branches such as the automotive, transport, consumer industries. A great number of novel heat- and surface-treatment techniques have been developed over the past three decades. These techniques involve, for example, vacuum treatment, sub-zero treatment, laser/electron beam surface hardening and alloying, low-pressure carburizing and nitriding, and physical vapour deposition. This Special Issue contains a collection of original research articles on not only advanced heat-treatment techniques—carburizing and sub-zero treatments—but also on the microstructure–property relationships in different ferrous alloys.

History of engineering & technology --- Vanadis 6 die steel --- surface finish --- nitriding --- PVD coating --- toughness --- fractography --- cryogenic treatment --- cryo-treatment --- mechanical properties --- microstructure --- cryo-processing --- 20Cr2Ni4A --- vacuum carburizing --- ion implantation --- rare earths --- catalysis --- carbon diffusion --- vanadis 6 steel --- sub-zero treatment at −75 °C --- hardness --- fracture toughness --- grade 92 steel weldment --- post-welding heat treatment --- tensile straining --- hydrogen embrittlement --- metallography and fractography --- ledeburitic tool steels --- carburizing --- rare-earth element pre-implantation --- sub-zero treatments --- Vanadis 6 die steel --- surface finish --- nitriding --- PVD coating --- toughness --- fractography --- cryogenic treatment --- cryo-treatment --- mechanical properties --- microstructure --- cryo-processing --- 20Cr2Ni4A --- vacuum carburizing --- ion implantation --- rare earths --- catalysis --- carbon diffusion --- vanadis 6 steel --- sub-zero treatment at −75 °C --- hardness --- fracture toughness --- grade 92 steel weldment --- post-welding heat treatment --- tensile straining --- hydrogen embrittlement --- metallography and fractography --- ledeburitic tool steels --- carburizing --- rare-earth element pre-implantation --- sub-zero treatments

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Steels and their heat treatment are still very important in modern industry because most industrial components are made from these materials. The proper choice of steel grades along with their suitable processing makes it possible to reduce the weight of the components, which is closely related to energy and fuel savings. This has decisive importance in branches such as the automotive, transport, consumer industries. A great number of novel heat- and surface-treatment techniques have been developed over the past three decades. These techniques involve, for example, vacuum treatment, sub-zero treatment, laser/electron beam surface hardening and alloying, low-pressure carburizing and nitriding, and physical vapour deposition. This Special Issue contains a collection of original research articles on not only advanced heat-treatment techniques—carburizing and sub-zero treatments—but also on the microstructure–property relationships in different ferrous alloys.

Vanadis 6 die steel --- surface finish --- nitriding --- PVD coating --- toughness --- fractography --- cryogenic treatment --- cryo-treatment --- mechanical properties --- microstructure --- cryo-processing --- 20Cr2Ni4A --- vacuum carburizing --- ion implantation --- rare earths --- catalysis --- carbon diffusion --- vanadis 6 steel --- sub-zero treatment at −75 °C --- hardness --- fracture toughness --- grade 92 steel weldment --- post-welding heat treatment --- tensile straining --- hydrogen embrittlement --- metallography and fractography --- ledeburitic tool steels --- carburizing --- rare-earth element pre-implantation --- sub-zero treatments

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At present, the manufacturing industry is focused on the production of lighter weight components with better mechanical properties and always fulfilling all the environmental requirements. These challenges have caused a need for developing manufacturing processes in general, including obviously those devoted in particular to the development of thin-walled metallic shapes, as is the case with tubular and sheet metal parts and devices.This Special Issue is thus devoted to research in the fields of sheet metal forming and tube forming, and their applications, including both experimental and numerical approaches and using a variety of scientific and technological tools, such as forming limit diagrams (FLDs), analysis on formability and failure, strain analysis based on circle grids or digital image correlation (DIC), and finite element analysis (FEA), among others.In this context, we are pleased to present this Special Issue dealing with recent studies in the field of tube and sheet metal forming processes and their main applications within different high-tech industries, such as the aerospace, automotive, or medical sectors, among others.

Technology --- Engineering --- micro tube --- hollow sinking --- plastic anisotropy --- surface quality --- size effect --- plasticity --- strength --- metallic tubes --- finite element analysis --- accumulative extrusion bonding --- kinematic bending --- product properties --- local heating --- profile bending --- asymmetric profile --- warping --- superimposed hydrostatic pressure --- shear damage growth --- fracture strain --- finite element analysis (FEA) --- additive manufacturing --- rapid prototyping --- sheet metal forming --- V-bending --- groove pressing --- HA-SPIF --- surface finish --- machine learning --- Ti6Al4V --- R-value --- thickness strain --- digital image correlation --- multi-camera DIC --- non-destructive testing --- single point incremental forming --- tube expansion --- formability --- fracture --- stress-triaxiality --- strain-hardening --- viscoplasticity --- bending --- semi-analytic solution --- Ti-6Al-4V ELI --- superplastic forming --- custom prosthesis --- in vivo tests --- History. --- History. --- micro tube --- hollow sinking --- plastic anisotropy --- surface quality --- size effect --- plasticity --- strength --- metallic tubes --- finite element analysis --- accumulative extrusion bonding --- kinematic bending --- product properties --- local heating --- profile bending --- asymmetric profile --- warping --- superimposed hydrostatic pressure --- shear damage growth --- fracture strain --- finite element analysis (FEA) --- additive manufacturing --- rapid prototyping --- sheet metal forming --- V-bending --- groove pressing --- HA-SPIF --- surface finish --- machine learning --- Ti6Al4V --- R-value --- thickness strain --- digital image correlation --- multi-camera DIC --- non-destructive testing --- single point incremental forming --- tube expansion --- formability --- fracture --- stress-triaxiality --- strain-hardening --- viscoplasticity --- bending --- semi-analytic solution --- Ti-6Al-4V ELI --- superplastic forming --- custom prosthesis --- in vivo tests

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At present, the manufacturing industry is focused on the production of lighter weight components with better mechanical properties and always fulfilling all the environmental requirements. These challenges have caused a need for developing manufacturing processes in general, including obviously those devoted in particular to the development of thin-walled metallic shapes, as is the case with tubular and sheet metal parts and devices.This Special Issue is thus devoted to research in the fields of sheet metal forming and tube forming, and their applications, including both experimental and numerical approaches and using a variety of scientific and technological tools, such as forming limit diagrams (FLDs), analysis on formability and failure, strain analysis based on circle grids or digital image correlation (DIC), and finite element analysis (FEA), among others.In this context, we are pleased to present this Special Issue dealing with recent studies in the field of tube and sheet metal forming processes and their main applications within different high-tech industries, such as the aerospace, automotive, or medical sectors, among others.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- micro tube --- hollow sinking --- plastic anisotropy --- surface quality --- size effect --- plasticity --- strength --- metallic tubes --- finite element analysis --- accumulative extrusion bonding --- kinematic bending --- product properties --- local heating --- profile bending --- asymmetric profile --- warping --- superimposed hydrostatic pressure --- shear damage growth --- fracture strain --- finite element analysis (FEA) --- additive manufacturing --- rapid prototyping --- sheet metal forming --- V-bending --- groove pressing --- HA-SPIF --- surface finish --- machine learning --- Ti6Al4V --- R-value --- thickness strain --- digital image correlation --- multi-camera DIC --- non-destructive testing --- single point incremental forming --- tube expansion --- formability --- fracture --- stress-triaxiality --- strain-hardening --- viscoplasticity --- bending --- semi-analytic solution --- Ti-6Al-4V ELI --- superplastic forming --- custom prosthesis --- in vivo tests --- n/a --- Technology --- Engineering --- History.