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The different additive manufacturing technologies have had an exponential growth in the last century. Not only because of their cost savings, since no material is wasted, but also because of the freedom they offer in terms of final geometry. However, the 3D printing process has certain disadvantages, such as the use of support structures, which make the process slower and more expensive. These processes go hand in hand with topology optimization. This method allows us to obtain parts with the same performance and a reduction in the material used. With the development of additive manufacturing, research has increased, improving the resolution methods. There are several filters that are necessary to obtain a manufacturable result, such as the SIMP laws, the density filter, and the overhang angle constraint filter. Therefore, we will conduct a review of the different techniques and their mode of operation, concluding which are the most suitable in the aerospace industry. We will also study the different phenomena that occur during the process, and the role that support structures have in additive manufacturing. Finally, we will use topology optimization to minimize the use of these structures, thus optimizing the process itself. To carry out the thesis, and in particular all the optimization processes, we have worked with Open Engineering, a leading company in structure calculation software, which has developed a new topology optimization module. Through the different simulations performed during the thesis, the objective will be to carry out a validation of the software.
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The suitability of each type of foundation-support (monopile, gravity-based and jacket) will be analyzed for the different conditions that can be found in locations with a draft of 30-50 m. Some of the most important considerations such as metocean loads, geotechnics, economic aspects, manufacturing, transportation, installation, operation and decommissioning, local content, etc. will be taken into account. Then, it continues with the establishment of a methodology for the decision making of the most suitable offshore wind turbine foundation. TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), a widely used multi-criteria decision-making method that allows for both quantitative and qualitative criteria to be considered in the decision-making process, will be employed. It has been verified in this document that the proposed methodology allows the decision of offshore wind turbine foundation according to the conditioning factors, enabling not only technical and financial feasibility of the offshore wind farm to be achieved, but also respect for the environmental impacts.
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The coastal zone is the host to many human activities, which have significantly increased in the last decades. However, sea level rise and more frequent storm events severely affect beaches and coastal structures, with negative consequences and dramatic impacts on coastal communities. These aspects add to typical coastal problems, like flooding and beach erosion, which already leading to large economic losses and human fatalities. Modeling is thus fundamental for an exhaustive understanding of the nearshore region in the present and future environment. Innovative tools and technologies may help to better understand coastal processes in terms of hydrodynamics, sediment transport, bed morphology, and their interaction with coastal structures. This book collects several contributions focusing on nearshore dynamics, and span among several time and spatial scales using both physical and numerical approaches. The aim is to describe the most recent advances in coastal dynamics.
bending failure --- wind energy --- switching overvoltage --- marine energy --- floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) --- hydrogen storage --- different loading directions --- armour --- vacuum circuit breaker --- HVAC --- CAES --- electrical connection --- reignition characteristics --- combined static and dynamic loads --- gravity-based structures --- ocean energy --- onshore-offshore wind power plant --- ERA5 --- development --- foundations --- weight --- jacket --- monopile --- monitoring --- frequency response functions --- renewable energies --- HVDC --- offshore wind farm --- size --- support structure --- free vortex wake --- P2X --- operation and maintenance --- horizontal vibration --- scour phenomenon --- load mitigation --- model testing --- support structures --- GBF --- safety factor --- design response spectrum --- nominal diameter --- wave --- aiRthermo --- broken mooring line --- tripod --- tension leg platforms --- mooring system --- wind power density --- physical models --- wind resource --- floating --- design and construction --- GBS --- ocean thermal --- air density --- loads and response --- coupled dynamic response --- tidal --- offshore wind energy --- offshore wind turbine --- optimal selection factors --- Lebanon --- trailing-edge flap --- ice force --- offshore wind --- wind turbine generators --- numerical models --- crushing failure --- marine currents
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Additive Manufacturing (AM), more popularly known as 3D printing, is transforming the industry. AM of metal components with virtually no geometric limitations has enabled new product design options and opportunities, increased product performance, shorter cycle time in part production, total cost reduction, shortened lead time, improved material efficiency, more sustainable products and processes, full circularity in the economy, and new revenue streams. This Special Issue of Metals gives an up-to-date account of the state of the art in AM.
Technology: general issues --- additive manufacturing --- support structures --- electron beam melting --- support structure removability --- biological origin hydroxyapatite --- bioactive layers --- cranial mesh implants --- selective laser melting --- 3D printing --- radio-frequency magnetron sputtering --- powder bed fusion --- single crystal --- grain selection --- cavity resonators --- filters --- microwave --- plating --- stereolithography --- thermal expansion --- three-dimensional printing --- directed energy deposition --- EN AW-7075 --- porosity --- ultimate tensile strength --- wire arc additive manufacturing --- WAAM --- microstructure --- magnesium --- mechanical properties --- scanning electron microscopy --- electron backscattered diffraction method --- direct energy deposition --- cold metal transfer --- 5356-aluminum --- temperature distribution --- metal powder bed fusion --- Ti–6Al–4V --- residual stresses --- heat treatments --- electron beam melting (EBM) --- process window --- stainless steel --- 316LN --- powder methods --- additive manufacturing (AM) --- post-processing --- 316L stainless-steel --- electron microscopy --- rapid tooling --- laser-based powder bed fusion (L-PBF) --- production tools --- cold working --- hot working --- injection molding --- n/a --- Ti-6Al-4V
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Additive Manufacturing (AM), more popularly known as 3D printing, is transforming the industry. AM of metal components with virtually no geometric limitations has enabled new product design options and opportunities, increased product performance, shorter cycle time in part production, total cost reduction, shortened lead time, improved material efficiency, more sustainable products and processes, full circularity in the economy, and new revenue streams. This Special Issue of Metals gives an up-to-date account of the state of the art in AM.
additive manufacturing --- support structures --- electron beam melting --- support structure removability --- biological origin hydroxyapatite --- bioactive layers --- cranial mesh implants --- selective laser melting --- 3D printing --- radio-frequency magnetron sputtering --- powder bed fusion --- single crystal --- grain selection --- cavity resonators --- filters --- microwave --- plating --- stereolithography --- thermal expansion --- three-dimensional printing --- directed energy deposition --- EN AW-7075 --- porosity --- ultimate tensile strength --- wire arc additive manufacturing --- WAAM --- microstructure --- magnesium --- mechanical properties --- scanning electron microscopy --- electron backscattered diffraction method --- direct energy deposition --- cold metal transfer --- 5356-aluminum --- temperature distribution --- metal powder bed fusion --- Ti–6Al–4V --- residual stresses --- heat treatments --- electron beam melting (EBM) --- process window --- stainless steel --- 316LN --- powder methods --- additive manufacturing (AM) --- post-processing --- 316L stainless-steel --- electron microscopy --- rapid tooling --- laser-based powder bed fusion (L-PBF) --- production tools --- cold working --- hot working --- injection molding --- n/a --- Ti-6Al-4V
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Additive Manufacturing (AM), more popularly known as 3D printing, is transforming the industry. AM of metal components with virtually no geometric limitations has enabled new product design options and opportunities, increased product performance, shorter cycle time in part production, total cost reduction, shortened lead time, improved material efficiency, more sustainable products and processes, full circularity in the economy, and new revenue streams. This Special Issue of Metals gives an up-to-date account of the state of the art in AM.
Technology: general issues --- additive manufacturing --- support structures --- electron beam melting --- support structure removability --- biological origin hydroxyapatite --- bioactive layers --- cranial mesh implants --- selective laser melting --- 3D printing --- radio-frequency magnetron sputtering --- powder bed fusion --- single crystal --- grain selection --- cavity resonators --- filters --- microwave --- plating --- stereolithography --- thermal expansion --- three-dimensional printing --- directed energy deposition --- EN AW-7075 --- porosity --- ultimate tensile strength --- wire arc additive manufacturing --- WAAM --- microstructure --- magnesium --- mechanical properties --- scanning electron microscopy --- electron backscattered diffraction method --- direct energy deposition --- cold metal transfer --- 5356-aluminum --- temperature distribution --- metal powder bed fusion --- Ti-6Al-4V --- residual stresses --- heat treatments --- electron beam melting (EBM) --- process window --- stainless steel --- 316LN --- powder methods --- additive manufacturing (AM) --- post-processing --- 316L stainless-steel --- electron microscopy --- rapid tooling --- laser-based powder bed fusion (L-PBF) --- production tools --- cold working --- hot working --- injection molding --- additive manufacturing --- support structures --- electron beam melting --- support structure removability --- biological origin hydroxyapatite --- bioactive layers --- cranial mesh implants --- selective laser melting --- 3D printing --- radio-frequency magnetron sputtering --- powder bed fusion --- single crystal --- grain selection --- cavity resonators --- filters --- microwave --- plating --- stereolithography --- thermal expansion --- three-dimensional printing --- directed energy deposition --- EN AW-7075 --- porosity --- ultimate tensile strength --- wire arc additive manufacturing --- WAAM --- microstructure --- magnesium --- mechanical properties --- scanning electron microscopy --- electron backscattered diffraction method --- direct energy deposition --- cold metal transfer --- 5356-aluminum --- temperature distribution --- metal powder bed fusion --- Ti-6Al-4V --- residual stresses --- heat treatments --- electron beam melting (EBM) --- process window --- stainless steel --- 316LN --- powder methods --- additive manufacturing (AM) --- post-processing --- 316L stainless-steel --- electron microscopy --- rapid tooling --- laser-based powder bed fusion (L-PBF) --- production tools --- cold working --- hot working --- injection molding
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