Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The regulated secretory pathway is a hallmark of neuroendocrine cells. This process comprises many sequential steps, which include ER-associated protein synthesis, post-translational modification of proteins in the Golgi complex, sorting and packing of secretory proteins into carrier granules, cytoskeleton-based granule transport towards the plasma membrane and tethering, docking and fusion of granules with specialized releasing zones. Each stage is subjected to a rigorous regulation by a plethora of factors that function in a spatially and temporarily coordinated fashion. Much effort has been devoted to characterize the precise role of the regulatory proteins participating in the different steps of this process and to identify new factors in order to obtain a unifying picture of the secretory pathway. In spite of this and given the enormous complexity of the process, certain stages are not fully understood yet and many players remain to be identified. The aim of this Research Topic is to gather review articles and original research papers on the molecular mechanisms that govern and ensure the correct release of neuropeptides.

Neuroendocrinology. --- Paraneurons. --- Neuroendocrine Cells --- regulated exocytosis --- Endocytosis --- secretion --- large dense core vesicles --- Membrane trafficking --- super-resolution microscopy

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Plasmodesmata (PD) are plant-specific intercellular nanopores defined by specialised domains of the plasma membrane (PM) and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), both of which contain unique proteins, and probably different lipid compositions than the surrounding bulk membranes. The PD membranes form concentric tubules with a minimal outer diameter of only 50 nm, and the central ER strand constricted to ~10-15 nm, representing one of the narrowest stable membrane tubules in nature. This unique membrane architecture poses many biophysical, structural and functional questions. PM continuity across PD raises the question as to how a locally confined membrane site is established and maintained at PD. There is increasing evidence that the PM within PD may be enriched in membrane ‘rafts’ or TET web domains. Lipid rafts often function as signalling platforms, in line with the emerging view of PD as central players in plant defense responses. Lipid-lipid immiscibility could also provide a mechanism for membrane sub- compartmentalisation at PD. Intricate connections of the PM to the wall and the underlying cytoskeleton and ER may anchor the specialised domains locally. The ER within PD is even more strongly modified. Its extreme curvature suggests that it is stabilised by densely packed proteins, potentially members of the reticulon family that tubulate the cortical ER. The diameter of the constricted ER within PD is similar to membrane stalks in dynamin-mediated membrane fission during endocytosis and may need to be stabilised against spontaneous rupture. The function of this extreme membrane constriction, and the reasons why the ER is connected between plant cells remain unknown. Whilst the technically challenging search for the protein components of PD is ongoing, there has been significant recent progress in research on biological membranes that could benefit our understanding of PD function. With this Research Topic, we therefore aim to bring together researchers in the PD field and those in related areas, such as membrane biophysics, membrane composition and fluidity, protein-lipid interactions, lateral membrane heterogeneity, lipid rafts, membrane curvature, and membrane fusion/fission.

Plant cells and tissues. --- Plant cell culture. --- Plasmodesmata. --- lipid rafts --- membrane curvature --- plasmodesmata --- membrane microdomains --- plasma membrane --- protein-lipid interaction --- endoplasmic reticulum --- super-resolution microscopy

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Plasmodesmata (PD) are plant-specific intercellular nanopores defined by specialised domains of the plasma membrane (PM) and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), both of which contain unique proteins, and probably different lipid compositions than the surrounding bulk membranes. The PD membranes form concentric tubules with a minimal outer diameter of only 50 nm, and the central ER strand constricted to ~10-15 nm, representing one of the narrowest stable membrane tubules in nature. This unique membrane architecture poses many biophysical, structural and functional questions. PM continuity across PD raises the question as to how a locally confined membrane site is established and maintained at PD. There is increasing evidence that the PM within PD may be enriched in membrane ‘rafts’ or TET web domains. Lipid rafts often function as signalling platforms, in line with the emerging view of PD as central players in plant defense responses. Lipid-lipid immiscibility could also provide a mechanism for membrane sub- compartmentalisation at PD. Intricate connections of the PM to the wall and the underlying cytoskeleton and ER may anchor the specialised domains locally. The ER within PD is even more strongly modified. Its extreme curvature suggests that it is stabilised by densely packed proteins, potentially members of the reticulon family that tubulate the cortical ER. The diameter of the constricted ER within PD is similar to membrane stalks in dynamin-mediated membrane fission during endocytosis and may need to be stabilised against spontaneous rupture. The function of this extreme membrane constriction, and the reasons why the ER is connected between plant cells remain unknown. Whilst the technically challenging search for the protein components of PD is ongoing, there has been significant recent progress in research on biological membranes that could benefit our understanding of PD function. With this Research Topic, we therefore aim to bring together researchers in the PD field and those in related areas, such as membrane biophysics, membrane composition and fluidity, protein-lipid interactions, lateral membrane heterogeneity, lipid rafts, membrane curvature, and membrane fusion/fission.

Plant cells and tissues. --- Plant cell culture. --- Plasmodesmata. --- lipid rafts --- membrane curvature --- plasmodesmata --- membrane microdomains --- plasma membrane --- protein-lipid interaction --- endoplasmic reticulum --- super-resolution microscopy --- lipid rafts --- membrane curvature --- plasmodesmata --- membrane microdomains --- plasma membrane --- protein-lipid interaction --- endoplasmic reticulum --- super-resolution microscopy

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The conversion and storage of renewable energy sources is key to the transition from a fossil-fuel-based economy to a low-carbon society. Many new game-changing materials have already impacted our lives and contributed to a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, such as high-efficiency photovoltaic cells, blue light-emitting diodes, and cathodes for Li-ion batteries. However, new breakthroughs in materials science and technology are required to boost the clean energy transition. All success stories in materials science are built upon a tailored control of the interconnected processes that take place at the nanoscale, such as charge excitation, charge transport and recombination, ionic diffusion, intercalation, and the interfacial transfer of matter and charge. Nanostructured materials, thanks to their ultra-small building blocks and the high interface-to-volume ratio, offer a rich toolbox to scientists that aspire to improve the energy conversion efficiency or the power and energy density of a material. Furthermore, new phenomena arise in nanoparticles, such as surface plasmon resonance, superparamegntism, and exciton confinement. The ten articles published in this Special Issue showcase the different applications of nanomaterials in the field of energy storage and conversion, including electrodes for Li-ion batteries and beyond, photovoltaic materials, pyroelectric energy harvesting, and (photo)catalytic processes.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- nanoparticle --- nanoalloy --- catalyst --- CO2 reduction --- hydrocarbon --- synthetic fuel --- iron --- cobalt --- perovskite solar cell --- hole transport layer --- CuCrO2 nanoparticles --- thermal stability --- light stability --- aluminum ion batteries --- reduced graphene oxide --- tin dioxide --- 3D electrode materials --- mechanical properties --- TiO2 --- azo dye --- wastewater treatment --- photocatalysis --- sodium formate --- dry etching --- black silicon --- photovoltaics --- plasmonics --- heterogeneous catalysis --- nanoparticles --- single molecule localization --- super-resolution microscopy --- surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy --- Li-ion batteries --- anodes --- intermetallics --- silicon --- composites --- nanomaterials --- coating --- mechanochemistry --- zinc sulfide --- wurtzite --- co-precipitation synthesis --- solvent recycling --- green synthesis --- scaling up --- pilot plant --- chalcopyrite compounds --- nanocrystals --- hydrothermal --- spin coating --- EIS --- conductivity --- lithium-ion batteries --- SnO2 --- nanoarray --- anode --- high-rate --- nanoparticle --- nanoalloy --- catalyst --- CO2 reduction --- hydrocarbon --- synthetic fuel --- iron --- cobalt --- perovskite solar cell --- hole transport layer --- CuCrO2 nanoparticles --- thermal stability --- light stability --- aluminum ion batteries --- reduced graphene oxide --- tin dioxide --- 3D electrode materials --- mechanical properties --- TiO2 --- azo dye --- wastewater treatment --- photocatalysis --- sodium formate --- dry etching --- black silicon --- photovoltaics --- plasmonics --- heterogeneous catalysis --- nanoparticles --- single molecule localization --- super-resolution microscopy --- surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy --- Li-ion batteries --- anodes --- intermetallics --- silicon --- composites --- nanomaterials --- coating --- mechanochemistry --- zinc sulfide --- wurtzite --- co-precipitation synthesis --- solvent recycling --- green synthesis --- scaling up --- pilot plant --- chalcopyrite compounds --- nanocrystals --- hydrothermal --- spin coating --- EIS --- conductivity --- lithium-ion batteries --- SnO2 --- nanoarray --- anode --- high-rate

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The scientific community has made significant progress in our molecular understanding of sporadic and hereditary colorectal carcinogenesis and progression. Thie pertains to, e.g., the discovery of (mutated) oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, microsatellite instabilities, modifications in DNA repair, cellular aging, signaling cascades, genomic, epigenetic, transcriptional, translational, and protein modifications, as well as microbiotic factors and further parameters. Progression and metastasis have been more intensively studied, especially during recent years, leading to an intensified knowledge on molecular protagonists and microenvironmental interactions contributing to invasion, dissemination, and metastasis; still, more concerted efforts need to be made to better understand issues such as metastasis to different sites or the metastatic heterogeneity of single cells. Nevertheless, based on actual discoveries, personalized medicine, together with highly interdisciplinary therapeutic strategies combining advanced levels of surgical techniques, oncology, and radiation in neoadjuvant, adjuvant, or palliative settings, has started to improve the clinical prognosis of individual patients with colorectal cancer. The present Special Issue features articles of excellent international experts with the latest data in the fields mentioned. With this Special Issue, we aim to deepen discussions amongst colleagues in all kinds of disciplines working on this disease and to intensify interdisciplinary collaborations aimed at an ultimate understanding of strategies to defeat and prevent, colorectal cancer, and its progression.

Phage --- bacteriophages --- diet --- infection --- colorectal --- cancer --- nutrition --- circulating tumor cells --- colorectal cancer --- EPISPOT assay --- CellSearch® system --- predictive value --- chromatin density --- nanoscale --- tumour cell heterogeneity --- microRNAs --- metastasis --- super-resolution microscopy --- early onset --- cohort --- epidemiology --- liquid biopsy --- biomarker --- indirect carcinogenesis --- bovine meat and milk factors (BMMF) --- chronic zoonosis --- multiplex --- tumor immunology --- immune landscape --- spontaneous feline intestinal tumors --- comparative oncology --- tumor budding --- CTNNB1 --- genome-wide methylation array --- methylation --- miRNA --- colon cancer --- personalized treatment --- drug combinations --- Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) --- polyp --- TIMPs --- MMP polymorphisms --- MMP targeting --- S100A4 --- DKK1 --- Wnt signaling --- patient survival --- gender --- rectal cancer --- radiochemotherapy --- radiosensitivity --- DNA double-strand breaks --- deposited energy --- quality of life --- blood values --- (molecular) carcinogenesis --- cancer progression --- (single) cancer cell heterogeneity --- models --- infectious agents --- (targeted) therapy --- personalized medicine