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Since the great success of graphene, atomically thin-layered nanomaterials, called two dimensional (2D) materials, have attracted tremendous attention due to their extraordinary physical properties. Specifically, van der Waals heterostructured architectures based on a few 2D materials, named atomic-scale Lego, have been proposed as unprecedented platforms for the implementation of versatile devices with a completely novel function or extremely high-performance, shifting the research paradigm in materials science and engineering. Thus, diverse 2D materials beyond existing bulk materials have been widely studied for promising electronic, optoelectronic, mechanical, and thermoelectric applications. Especially, this Special Issue included the recent advances in the unique preparation methods such as exfoliation-based synthesis and vacuum-based deposition of diverse 2D materials and also their device applications based on interesting physical properties. Specifically, this Editorial consists of the following two parts: Preparation methods of 2D materials and Properties of 2D materials

History of engineering & technology --- α-MoO3 --- carbon nitride --- g-C3N4 --- molybdenum trioxide --- nanoplates --- synthesis --- few-layer MoS2 --- magnetron sputtering --- magnetron sputtering power --- raman spectroscopy --- disorder --- V2Se9 --- atomic crystal --- mechanical exfoliation --- scanning Kelvin probe microscopy --- MoS2 --- black phosphorus --- 2D/2D heterojunction --- junction FET --- tunneling diode --- tunneling FET --- band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) --- natural molybdenite --- MoS2 nanosheet --- SiO2 --- liquid exfoliation --- photoelectric properties --- uniaxial strain --- flexible substrate --- film–substrate interaction --- photoluminescence --- Raman spectroscopy --- molybdenum disulfide --- bilayer-stacked structure --- WS2 --- lubricant additives --- tribological properties --- interfacial layer --- contact resistance --- bias stress stability --- saturable absorbers --- Langmuir–Blodgett technique --- Q-switched laser --- chemical vapor deposition --- P2O5 --- p-type conduction --- P-doped MoS2 --- transition metal dichalcogenides --- two-dimensional materials --- ferroelectrics --- 2D heterostructure --- WSe2 --- NbSe2 --- Nb2O5 interlayer --- synapse device --- neuromorphic system --- n/a --- film-substrate interaction --- Langmuir-Blodgett technique

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This book is a compilation of recent studies by recognized experts in the field of epitaxial graphene working towards a deep comprehension of growth mechanisms, property engineering, and device processing. The results of investigations published within this book develop cumulative knowledge on matters related to device-quality epaxial graphene on SiC, bringing this material closer to realistic applications.

epitaxial graphene --- copper --- redox reaction --- electrodeposition --- voltammetry --- chronoamperometry --- DFT --- silicon carbide --- Raman spectroscopy --- 2D peak line shape --- G peak --- charge density --- strain --- atomic layer deposition --- high-k insulators --- ion implantation --- Raman --- AFM --- XPS --- graphene --- SiC --- 3C-SiC on Si --- substrate interaction --- carrier concentration --- mobility --- intercalation --- buffer layer --- surface functionalization --- twistronics --- twisted bilayer graphene --- flat band --- epitaxial graphene on SiC --- quasi-free-standing graphene --- monolayer graphene --- high-temperature sublimation --- terahertz optical Hall effect --- free charge carrier properties --- sublimation --- electronic properties --- material engineering --- deposition

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This book is a compilation of recent studies by recognized experts in the field of epitaxial graphene working towards a deep comprehension of growth mechanisms, property engineering, and device processing. The results of investigations published within this book develop cumulative knowledge on matters related to device-quality epaxial graphene on SiC, bringing this material closer to realistic applications.

Technology: general issues --- epitaxial graphene --- copper --- redox reaction --- electrodeposition --- voltammetry --- chronoamperometry --- DFT --- silicon carbide --- Raman spectroscopy --- 2D peak line shape --- G peak --- charge density --- strain --- atomic layer deposition --- high-k insulators --- ion implantation --- Raman --- AFM --- XPS --- graphene --- SiC --- 3C-SiC on Si --- substrate interaction --- carrier concentration --- mobility --- intercalation --- buffer layer --- surface functionalization --- twistronics --- twisted bilayer graphene --- flat band --- epitaxial graphene on SiC --- quasi-free-standing graphene --- monolayer graphene --- high-temperature sublimation --- terahertz optical Hall effect --- free charge carrier properties --- sublimation --- electronic properties --- material engineering --- deposition --- epitaxial graphene --- copper --- redox reaction --- electrodeposition --- voltammetry --- chronoamperometry --- DFT --- silicon carbide --- Raman spectroscopy --- 2D peak line shape --- G peak --- charge density --- strain --- atomic layer deposition --- high-k insulators --- ion implantation --- Raman --- AFM --- XPS --- graphene --- SiC --- 3C-SiC on Si --- substrate interaction --- carrier concentration --- mobility --- intercalation --- buffer layer --- surface functionalization --- twistronics --- twisted bilayer graphene --- flat band --- epitaxial graphene on SiC --- quasi-free-standing graphene --- monolayer graphene --- high-temperature sublimation --- terahertz optical Hall effect --- free charge carrier properties --- sublimation --- electronic properties --- material engineering --- deposition

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Protein–ligand interactions play a fundamental role in most major biological functions. The number and diversity of small molecules that interact with proteins, whether naturally or not, can quickly become overwhelming. They are as essential as amino acids, nucleic acids or membrane lipids, enabling a large number of essential functions. One need only think of carbohydrates or even just ATP to be certain. They are also essential in drug discovery. With the increasing structural information of proteins and protein–ligand complexes, molecular modelling, molecular dynamics, and chemoinformatics approaches are often required for the efficient analysis of a large number of such complexes and to provide insights. Similarly, numerous computational approaches have been developed to characterize and use the knowledge of such interactions, which can lead to drug candidates. "Recent Developments on Protein–Ligand Interactions: From Structure, Function to Applications" was dedicated to the different aspect of protein–ligand analysis and/or prediction using computational approaches, as well as new developments dedicated to these tasks. It will interest both specialists and non-specialists, as the presented studies cover a very large spectra in terms of methodologies and applications. It underlined the variety of scientific area linked to these questions, i.e., chemistry, biology, physics, informatics, bioinformatics, structural bioinformatics and chemoinformatics.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Biochemistry --- pimaricin thioesterase --- protein-substrate interaction --- macrocyclization --- molecular dynamics (MD) simulation --- pre-reaction state --- folate --- folate receptor --- peptide conjugation --- click reaction --- biolayer interferometry --- acetylcholinesterase --- resistance --- organophosphorus --- pesticides --- molecular modeling --- lepidopterous --- insects --- conserved patterns --- similarity --- 3D-patterns --- epigenetics --- protein-RNA interaction --- RRM domain inhibitor --- NMR fragment-based screening --- TDP-43 --- galectin-1 --- gulopyranosides --- fluorescence polarization --- benzamide --- selective --- phospholipase C gamma 1 --- SLP76 --- virtual screening --- pharmacophore mapping --- molecular docking --- molecular dynamics --- caspase inhibition --- protein-ligand binding free energy --- Monte Carlo sampling --- docking and scoring --- molecular conformational sampling --- procollagen C-proteinase enhancer-1 --- glycosaminoglycans --- computational analysis of protein-glycosaminoglycan interactions --- calcium ions --- fragment-based docking --- protein–ligand analysis --- drug discovery and design --- structure–activity relationships --- bioremediation --- High Energy Molecules --- HMX --- protein design --- nitroreductase --- flavoprotein --- substrate specificity --- pharmacophore --- secretoglobin --- odorant-binding protein --- chemical communication --- pheromone --- N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine --- in silico docking --- protein–ligand interactions --- 2D interaction maps --- ligand-binding assays --- protein-ligand complexes --- dataset --- clustering --- structural alignment --- refinement --- PD-1/PD-L1 --- immune checkpoint inhibitors --- biphenyl-conjugated bromotyrosine --- amino acid conjugation --- amino-X --- in silico simulation --- IC50 --- pimaricin thioesterase --- protein-substrate interaction --- macrocyclization --- molecular dynamics (MD) simulation --- pre-reaction state --- folate --- folate receptor --- peptide conjugation --- click reaction --- biolayer interferometry --- acetylcholinesterase --- resistance --- organophosphorus --- pesticides --- molecular modeling --- lepidopterous --- insects --- conserved patterns --- similarity --- 3D-patterns --- epigenetics --- protein-RNA interaction --- RRM domain inhibitor --- NMR fragment-based screening --- TDP-43 --- galectin-1 --- gulopyranosides --- fluorescence polarization --- benzamide --- selective --- phospholipase C gamma 1 --- SLP76 --- virtual screening --- pharmacophore mapping --- molecular docking --- molecular dynamics --- caspase inhibition --- protein-ligand binding free energy --- Monte Carlo sampling --- docking and scoring --- molecular conformational sampling --- procollagen C-proteinase enhancer-1 --- glycosaminoglycans --- computational analysis of protein-glycosaminoglycan interactions --- calcium ions --- fragment-based docking --- protein–ligand analysis --- drug discovery and design --- structure–activity relationships --- bioremediation --- High Energy Molecules --- HMX --- protein design --- nitroreductase --- flavoprotein --- substrate specificity --- pharmacophore --- secretoglobin --- odorant-binding protein --- chemical communication --- pheromone --- N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine --- in silico docking --- protein–ligand interactions --- 2D interaction maps --- ligand-binding assays --- protein-ligand complexes --- dataset --- clustering --- structural alignment --- refinement --- PD-1/PD-L1 --- immune checkpoint inhibitors --- biphenyl-conjugated bromotyrosine --- amino acid conjugation --- amino-X --- in silico simulation --- IC50

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Protein–ligand interactions play a fundamental role in most major biological functions. The number and diversity of small molecules that interact with proteins, whether naturally or not, can quickly become overwhelming. They are as essential as amino acids, nucleic acids or membrane lipids, enabling a large number of essential functions. One need only think of carbohydrates or even just ATP to be certain. They are also essential in drug discovery. With the increasing structural information of proteins and protein–ligand complexes, molecular modelling, molecular dynamics, and chemoinformatics approaches are often required for the efficient analysis of a large number of such complexes and to provide insights. Similarly, numerous computational approaches have been developed to characterize and use the knowledge of such interactions, which can lead to drug candidates. "Recent Developments on Protein–Ligand Interactions: From Structure, Function to Applications" was dedicated to the different aspect of protein–ligand analysis and/or prediction using computational approaches, as well as new developments dedicated to these tasks. It will interest both specialists and non-specialists, as the presented studies cover a very large spectra in terms of methodologies and applications. It underlined the variety of scientific area linked to these questions, i.e., chemistry, biology, physics, informatics, bioinformatics, structural bioinformatics and chemoinformatics.

pimaricin thioesterase --- protein-substrate interaction --- macrocyclization --- molecular dynamics (MD) simulation --- pre-reaction state --- folate --- folate receptor --- peptide conjugation --- click reaction --- biolayer interferometry --- acetylcholinesterase --- resistance --- organophosphorus --- pesticides --- molecular modeling --- lepidopterous --- insects --- conserved patterns --- similarity --- 3D-patterns --- epigenetics --- protein-RNA interaction --- RRM domain inhibitor --- NMR fragment-based screening --- TDP-43 --- galectin-1 --- gulopyranosides --- fluorescence polarization --- benzamide --- selective --- phospholipase C gamma 1 --- SLP76 --- virtual screening --- pharmacophore mapping --- molecular docking --- molecular dynamics --- caspase inhibition --- protein-ligand binding free energy --- Monte Carlo sampling --- docking and scoring --- molecular conformational sampling --- procollagen C-proteinase enhancer-1 --- glycosaminoglycans --- computational analysis of protein-glycosaminoglycan interactions --- calcium ions --- fragment-based docking --- protein–ligand analysis --- drug discovery and design --- structure–activity relationships --- bioremediation --- High Energy Molecules --- HMX --- protein design --- nitroreductase --- flavoprotein --- substrate specificity --- pharmacophore --- secretoglobin --- odorant-binding protein --- chemical communication --- pheromone --- N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine --- in silico docking --- protein–ligand interactions --- 2D interaction maps --- ligand-binding assays --- protein-ligand complexes --- dataset --- clustering --- structural alignment --- refinement --- PD-1/PD-L1 --- immune checkpoint inhibitors --- biphenyl-conjugated bromotyrosine --- amino acid conjugation --- amino-X --- in silico simulation --- IC50