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In a number of European countries (e.g., Spain, Italy, France, Portugal, Slovenia, Croatia, Poland), a portion of the pig sector is aimed at the production of traditional and certified products (e.g., PDO—Protected Designation of Origin, PGI—Protected Geographical Indication). Dry-cured ham is probably the most famous traditional pork product; however, typical pork products are produced in (and exported to) many countries worldwide. The meat used for producing these high-quality delicacies needs to be suitable for seasoning and dry-curing, and these characteristics are the result of complex interactions between the animal (breed, genotype, rearing condition, feeding regime, age and weight at slaughter, etc.) and the environment, without disregarding the importance of ethical attributes such as animal welfare and the environmental impact.This Special Issue focuses on all the innovative production strategies for pigs intended for high-quality, typical productions (in term of higher sustainability of the whole production chain, improvement of animal welfare, innovative feeding and farming techniques, reduction in environmental impact, improvement in meat and fat quality, etc.), with emphasis on PDOs, PGIs, and other recognized production schemes, and it is aimed at providing new insights for a wide range of stakeholders from different countries.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Technology, engineering, agriculture --- altitude --- carcass quality --- meat quality --- amino acid --- fatty acid --- natural extract --- curing agents --- sausages --- Cinta Senese pig --- immunocastration --- entire male --- castration --- pig --- dry-cured ham --- Iberian pig --- extensive system --- low-protein diet --- carcass --- fatty-acid profile --- Liangshan pig --- traditional pig products --- swine --- Alentejano --- Bísaro --- Ribatejano --- dorsal subcutaneous fat --- pork quality --- lncIMF4 --- intramuscular preadipocyte --- differentiation --- autophagy --- aggression --- agonistic behavior --- darkness --- light --- mixing --- photoperiod --- regrouping --- skin lesions --- Sus scrofa --- Iberian pork --- quality standard --- qualitative analysis --- in-depth interviews --- adipose tissue --- plasma hormones --- lipogenic enzymes --- fatty acids --- animal welfare --- transport --- stress --- pigs --- pork --- solid-phase microextraction --- mass spectrometry --- aroma --- meat --- genetic marker --- ham processing --- ham quality

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Malnutrition is becoming a more prominent health problem, with an increasing number of elderly CKD patients being put on dialysis. In addition, the presence of inflammation, sarcopenia/frailty, diabetes, and CVD is a definite and independent risk factor associated with higher mortality in this population. Although the restriction of protein intake has been recommended to protect eGFR decline, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperkalemia in CKD patients, it might accelerate the loss of skeletal muscle and adipose mass, leading to a poor prognosis. Therefore, flexible responses are considered regarding whether protein restriction should be continued or loosened in pre-dialysis CKD patients. In undernourished elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis, sufficient calorie/protein intake is necessary to counteract the development of sarcopenia/frailty. It is expected that the application of new drugs including phosphate binders and potassium chelators may achieve both a high enough intake and balanced levels of phosphate and potassium. Furthermore, the improvement of deficient micronutrients and poor appetite is also necessary. Comprehensive care is essential for the wellbeing of elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis. The topicof this Special Issue is “Extension of Healthy Life Span of Dialysis Patients in the Era of a 100-Year Life”.

hypertension --- body weight --- mortality --- sodium --- dialysis --- malnutrition --- protein energy wasting (PEW) --- sarcopenia --- carnitine --- carnitine deficiency --- end-stage kidney disease --- peritoneal dialysis --- hemodialysis --- frailty --- protein energy wasting --- hypercatabolism --- renal rehabilitation --- exercise --- sarcopenia and frailty --- nutritional support --- protein synthesis --- muscle physiology --- physical activity --- exercise tolerance --- quality of life --- skeletal muscle --- aging --- chronic kidney disease --- diabetes --- CKD-MBD --- FGF23 --- aKlotho --- phosphate-binder --- zinc --- cardiovascular disease --- potassium --- potassium excretion --- blood pressure --- salt --- CKD --- fat mass --- visceral fat --- subcutaneous fat --- nutrition --- body mass index --- obesity paradox --- magnetic resonance imaging --- diffusion tensor imaging --- arterial spin labeling --- blood oxygenation level-dependent --- nutritional status --- dialysis patients --- clinical malnutrition --- older individuals --- n/a

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Gastric cancer represents one of the most frequent and lethal tumors worldwide today, finding itself in the fifth place in incidence and the third in mortality. Surgery remains the only curative treatment for localized tumors, but only 20% of patients are suitable for surgery due to the lack of specific symptoms and the late diagnosis, especially in Western countries. Additionally, even in patients who receive curative treatment, rates of locoregional relapse and distant metastasis remain high. Palliative chemotherapy is the principal treatment in cases of metastatic disease even if the prognosis of patients receiving chemotherapy is still poor. Therefore, a multidisciplinary evaluation is important in order to improve the efficacy of active treatments. In this context, there is an unmet need for a better understanding of genetic alterations and prognostic and predictive factors in order to choose the best tailored therapy for each patient. The aim of this Special Issue is to focus on the results and problems of multimodality treatment in metastatic gastric cancer, the search for prognostic and predictive factors, and the evaluation of novel strategies for individualized treatment. We are inviting relevant original research, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and short communications covering the above-mentioned topics.

Medicine --- advanced gastric cancer --- precision medicine --- new drug development --- gastro-oesophageal cancer --- mutational concordance --- exome sequencing --- formalin fixed paraffin embedded --- biomarkers --- gastric cancer --- metastatic --- body composition --- sarcopenia --- visceral fat area --- subcutaneous fat area --- outcome --- toxicity --- liver metastasis --- conversion surgery --- hepatectomy --- stage iv gastric cancer --- immune checkpoint inhibitors --- Epstein Barr Virus --- tumor mutational burden --- microsatellite instability --- predictive biomarkers --- CAR T cell therapy --- vaccines --- nutritional status --- metastatic gastric cancer --- target therapy --- bone flare --- stage IV --- treatment --- RANK-L --- liquid biopsy --- circulating tumor cell --- cfDNA --- ctDNA --- epithelial-mesenchymal transition --- resistance to treatment --- HER2-inhibition --- VEGFR-inhibition --- immunotherapy --- response monitoring --- advanced gastric cancer --- precision medicine --- new drug development --- gastro-oesophageal cancer --- mutational concordance --- exome sequencing --- formalin fixed paraffin embedded --- biomarkers --- gastric cancer --- metastatic --- body composition --- sarcopenia --- visceral fat area --- subcutaneous fat area --- outcome --- toxicity --- liver metastasis --- conversion surgery --- hepatectomy --- stage iv gastric cancer --- immune checkpoint inhibitors --- Epstein Barr Virus --- tumor mutational burden --- microsatellite instability --- predictive biomarkers --- CAR T cell therapy --- vaccines --- nutritional status --- metastatic gastric cancer --- target therapy --- bone flare --- stage IV --- treatment --- RANK-L --- liquid biopsy --- circulating tumor cell --- cfDNA --- ctDNA --- epithelial-mesenchymal transition --- resistance to treatment --- HER2-inhibition --- VEGFR-inhibition --- immunotherapy --- response monitoring

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Malnutrition is becoming a more prominent health problem, with an increasing number of elderly CKD patients being put on dialysis. In addition, the presence of inflammation, sarcopenia/frailty, diabetes, and CVD is a definite and independent risk factor associated with higher mortality in this population. Although the restriction of protein intake has been recommended to protect eGFR decline, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperkalemia in CKD patients, it might accelerate the loss of skeletal muscle and adipose mass, leading to a poor prognosis. Therefore, flexible responses are considered regarding whether protein restriction should be continued or loosened in pre-dialysis CKD patients. In undernourished elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis, sufficient calorie/protein intake is necessary to counteract the development of sarcopenia/frailty. It is expected that the application of new drugs including phosphate binders and potassium chelators may achieve both a high enough intake and balanced levels of phosphate and potassium. Furthermore, the improvement of deficient micronutrients and poor appetite is also necessary. Comprehensive care is essential for the wellbeing of elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis. The topicof this Special Issue is “Extension of Healthy Life Span of Dialysis Patients in the Era of a 100-Year Life”.

Medicine --- hypertension --- body weight --- mortality --- sodium --- dialysis --- malnutrition --- protein energy wasting (PEW) --- sarcopenia --- carnitine --- carnitine deficiency --- end-stage kidney disease --- peritoneal dialysis --- hemodialysis --- frailty --- protein energy wasting --- hypercatabolism --- renal rehabilitation --- exercise --- sarcopenia and frailty --- nutritional support --- protein synthesis --- muscle physiology --- physical activity --- exercise tolerance --- quality of life --- skeletal muscle --- aging --- chronic kidney disease --- diabetes --- CKD-MBD --- FGF23 --- aKlotho --- phosphate-binder --- zinc --- cardiovascular disease --- potassium --- potassium excretion --- blood pressure --- salt --- CKD --- fat mass --- visceral fat --- subcutaneous fat --- nutrition --- body mass index --- obesity paradox --- magnetic resonance imaging --- diffusion tensor imaging --- arterial spin labeling --- blood oxygenation level-dependent --- nutritional status --- dialysis patients --- clinical malnutrition --- older individuals --- hypertension --- body weight --- mortality --- sodium --- dialysis --- malnutrition --- protein energy wasting (PEW) --- sarcopenia --- carnitine --- carnitine deficiency --- end-stage kidney disease --- peritoneal dialysis --- hemodialysis --- frailty --- protein energy wasting --- hypercatabolism --- renal rehabilitation --- exercise --- sarcopenia and frailty --- nutritional support --- protein synthesis --- muscle physiology --- physical activity --- exercise tolerance --- quality of life --- skeletal muscle --- aging --- chronic kidney disease --- diabetes --- CKD-MBD --- FGF23 --- aKlotho --- phosphate-binder --- zinc --- cardiovascular disease --- potassium --- potassium excretion --- blood pressure --- salt --- CKD --- fat mass --- visceral fat --- subcutaneous fat --- nutrition --- body mass index --- obesity paradox --- magnetic resonance imaging --- diffusion tensor imaging --- arterial spin labeling --- blood oxygenation level-dependent --- nutritional status --- dialysis patients --- clinical malnutrition --- older individuals

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Adipose tissue is a rich, ubiquitous, and easily accessible source for multipotent mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), so-called adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs). Primary isolated ASCs are a heterogeneous preparation consisting of several subpopulations of stromal/stem and precursor cells. Donor-specific differences in ASC isolations and the lack of culture standardization hinder the comparison of results from different studies. Nevertheless, ASCs are already being used in different in vivo models and clinical trials to investigate their ability to improve tissue and organ regeneration. Many questions concerning their counterparts and biology in situ, their differentiation potential in vitro and in vivo, and the mechanisms of regeneration (paracrine effects, including regeneration-promoting factors and extracellular vesicles, differentiation, and immunomodulation) are not completely understood or remain unanswered. This Special Issue covers research articles investigating various adipose tissues as a source for ASC isolation, specific cultures methods to enhance proliferation or viability, and the differentiation capacity. Furthermore, other studies highlight aspects of various diseases, the immunosuppressive potential of ASCs and their derivates, or the in vivo tracking of transplanted ASCs. This edition is complemented by a review that summarizes the current knowledge of spheroid culture system methods and applications for mesenchymal stem cells.

Medicine --- lipomas --- adipose tissue --- stem cells --- adipogenesis --- osteogenesis --- mesenchymal stem cells --- T-cells --- conditioned medium --- extracellular vesicles --- TLR --- INF-γ --- adipose-derived stromal cells --- equine metabolic syndrome --- metformin --- adipose-derived stem cells --- adipocytes --- differentiation --- collagen I --- adiponectin --- integrins --- discoidin domain-containing receptor --- ageing --- subcutaneous fat --- adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (ASCs) --- cell differentiation --- volatile organic compounds --- metabolic monitoring --- adipose-derived stromal/stem cells --- chondrogenesis --- colony forming unit-fibroblast --- fetal bovine serum --- human platelet lysate --- mesenchymal stem cell --- regenerative medicine --- human adipose-derived stem cells --- stem cell proliferation --- signaling pathway --- adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells --- migration --- secretion --- primary cilium --- sonic hedgehog signaling --- mesenchymal stromal/stem cells --- perirenal --- fat --- characterization --- stimulation --- lipopolysaccharide --- cytokines --- cytomegalovirus --- angiogenesis --- adipose derived mesenchymal cells --- Histogel --- 3D cell culture --- spheroid culture --- biomaterials --- phenotype --- secretory potential --- ankylosing spondylitis --- systemic lupus erythematosus --- systemic sclerosis --- mesenchymal stromal cells --- breast cancer --- tumor microenvironment --- perineural invasion --- adipose derived stem cells --- valproic acid --- protein interactions --- MAPK pathway --- JAK/STAT pathway --- mesenchymal stromal cell --- tissue of origin --- prolonged culture --- epigenetic memory --- tracking --- bio imaging --- bioluminescence --- qRT-PCR --- Ataxia telangiectasia --- Atm --- lipomas --- adipose tissue --- stem cells --- adipogenesis --- osteogenesis --- mesenchymal stem cells --- T-cells --- conditioned medium --- extracellular vesicles --- TLR --- INF-γ --- adipose-derived stromal cells --- equine metabolic syndrome --- metformin --- adipose-derived stem cells --- adipocytes --- differentiation --- collagen I --- adiponectin --- integrins --- discoidin domain-containing receptor --- ageing --- subcutaneous fat --- adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (ASCs) --- cell differentiation --- volatile organic compounds --- metabolic monitoring --- adipose-derived stromal/stem cells --- chondrogenesis --- colony forming unit-fibroblast --- fetal bovine serum --- human platelet lysate --- mesenchymal stem cell --- regenerative medicine --- human adipose-derived stem cells --- stem cell proliferation --- signaling pathway --- adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells --- migration --- secretion --- primary cilium --- sonic hedgehog signaling --- mesenchymal stromal/stem cells --- perirenal --- fat --- characterization --- stimulation --- lipopolysaccharide --- cytokines --- cytomegalovirus --- angiogenesis --- adipose derived mesenchymal cells --- Histogel --- 3D cell culture --- spheroid culture --- biomaterials --- phenotype --- secretory potential --- ankylosing spondylitis --- systemic lupus erythematosus --- systemic sclerosis --- mesenchymal stromal cells --- breast cancer --- tumor microenvironment --- perineural invasion --- adipose derived stem cells --- valproic acid --- protein interactions --- MAPK pathway --- JAK/STAT pathway --- mesenchymal stromal cell --- tissue of origin --- prolonged culture --- epigenetic memory --- tracking --- bio imaging --- bioluminescence --- qRT-PCR --- Ataxia telangiectasia --- Atm