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L’arthrose est la pathologie dégénérative articulaire la plus fréquente. Elle touche à ce jour dix à quinze pour cent de la population adulte mondiale. Cette maladie, par sa prévalence en constante augmentation et l’absence de biomarqueur validé en routine, est classée par l’OMS parmi les pathologies prioritaires.
Précédemment, il a été mis en évidence une expression différentielle de l’ostéomoduline (OMD), une petite protéoglycane riche en leucines (SLRP), entre les ostéoblastes sains et les ostéoblastes dérivés d’os sclérotique en faisant ainsi un candidat biomarqueur pour le diagnostic et le suivi de la maladie.
Le but de ce mémoire était, d’une part, d’étudier, in vitro, les effets de l’OMD sur la capacité de minéralisation d’ostéoblastes dérivés d’os sous-chondral sclérotique et, d’autre part, d’évaluer les effets de la molécule sur le développement de l’arthrose chez la souris.
Il n’a pas été possible de mettre en évidence un effet de l’OMD sur la capacité de minéralisation des ostéoblastes. Cependant, les paramètres de démarche des souris transgéniques n’exprimant pas l’OMD étaient altérés, suggérant la présence de douleur lors de la marche.
Des investigations complémentaires, histologiques, permettront de déterminer si ces altérations sont la conséquence de la dégradation articulaire. Osteoarthritis is the most common degenerative joint disease. It currently affects ten to fifteen per cent of the adult population worldwide. Due to its constantly increasing prevalence and the absence of a validated routine biomarker, this condition is classified by the WHO as a priority disease.
Previously, differential expression of osteomodulin (OMD), a small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP), between healthy and sclerotic bone-derived osteoblasts has been demonstrated, making it a candidate biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease.
The aim of this master thesis was to study the effects of OMD on the mineralisation capacity of sclerotic subchondral bone-derived osteoblasts in vitro and to assess the effects of the molecule on the development of osteoarthritis in mice.
It was not possible to demonstrate an effect of OMD on the mineralisation capacity of osteoblasts. However, the gait parameters of transgenic mice not expressing OMD were impaired, suggesting the existence of pain during locomotion.
Further histological examinations will determine whether these alterations are the consequence of joint degradation.

ostéomoduline --- ostéoadhérine --- arthrose --- biomarqueur --- catwalk --- osteoblaste --- protéoglycane --- histologie --- os sous-chondral --- os --- cartilage --- osteomodulin --- osteoadherin --- osteoarthritis --- biomarker --- catwalk --- osteoblast --- proteoglycan --- slrp --- histology --- subchondral bone --- bone --- cartilage --- Sciences de la santé humaine > Rhumatologie

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Hip pathology and nonarthritic hip conditions have only recently been recognized as a cause of hip pain. In 2003, Ganz, Leunig and colleagues described the concept of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) as a cause of hip pain and a mechanism for end-stage hip osteoarthritis.  Ganz et al. also postulated that 70-90% of hip osteoarthritis is likely due to abnormal hip mechanics related to FAI, dysplasia, or other hip deformities. Over the past ten years, the treatment of these non-arthritic hip pathologies has grown dramatically, and has been estimated to grow by 15% each year. It is the largest segment of grown in sports medicine and orthopedics as a whole. However, no definitive reference yet exists on hip arthroscopy and hip joint preservation surgery. While books have been published on hip arthroscopy, these texts are limited to the technical aspects of the procedure and do not explore content related to hip joint preservation surgery. The scope of this book covers the basic science of hip pathology, anatomy, biomechanics, pathology, and treatment.  It has put together up-to-date research and has invited opinion leaders in the field to contribute to the text. The book is focused on disease pathology and provides comprehensive information on each disease topic, which is followed by technique-driven chapters to provide surgeons a reference for any procedure related to non-arthritic conditions of the hip.

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