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This eBook is the second in a series of books on the critical earthquake response of elastic-plastic structures or rigid blocks under near-fault ground motions, and includes four original research papers which were published in the specialty section Earthquake Engineering in ‘Frontiers in Built Environment’. Several extensions of the first book1 are included here. The first article is on the soil-structure interaction problem. The reduction of an original soil-structure interaction model into a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) model enables the application of the original theory for an SDOF model to such complicated soil-structure interaction model. The second article is concerned with the extension of the original theory for an SDOF model to a 2DOF model. Since the simple application of the original theory for an SDOF model to a multi-degree-of-freedom model is difficult due to out-of-phase phenomenon of multiple masses, a convex model theory is introduced and an upper bound of elastic-plastic response is derived. The third article is related to the stability problem of structures (collapse problems of structures) in which the P-delta effect is included. It is shown that the original theory for an SDOF model with elastic-perfectly plastic restoring-force characteristic can be applied to a model with negative second slope. The fourth article is an application of the energy balance approach to an overturning limit problem of rigid blocks. A closed-form expression of the overturning limit of rigid blocks is derived for the first time after the Housner’s pioneering work in 1963. The approach presented in this book, together with the first book, is an epoch-making accomplishment to open the door for simpler and deeper understanding of structural reliability of built environments in the elastic-plastic and nonlinear range.

fling-step input --- Critical response --- Long-duration ground motion --- double impulse --- forward-directivity input --- triple impulse --- robustness --- Near-fault ground motion --- Ground motion --- Ductility factor --- uncertainty --- resonance --- Structural parameter --- Earthquake Response --- Elastic-plastic response --- Interval analysis --- Multiple impulse --- Earthquake input energy --- redundancy --- Upper bound of input energy --- earthquake engineering --- critical excitation method --- Energy transfer function

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The specialty section Earthquake Engineering is one branch of Frontiers in Built Environment and welcomes critical and in-depth submissions on earthquake ground motions and their effects on buildings and infrastructures. Manuscripts should yield new insights and ultimately contribute to a safer and more reliable design of building structures and infrastructures. The scope includes the characterization of earthquake ground motions (e.g. near-fault, far-fault, short-period, long-period), their underlying properties, their intrinsic relationship with structural responses, and the true behaviors of building structures and infrastructures under risky and uncertain ground motions. More specific topics include recorded ground motions, generated ground motions, response spectra, stochastic modeling of ground motion, critical excitation, geotechnical aspects, soil mechanics, soil liquefaction, soil-structure interactions, pile foundations, earthquake input energy, structural control, passive control, active control, base-isolation, steel structures, reinforced concrete structures, wood structures, building retrofit, structural optimization, uncertainty analysis, robustness analysis, and redundancy analysis. This eBook includes four original research papers, in addition to the Specialty Grand Challenge article, on the critical earthquake response of elastic-plastic structures under near-fault or long-duration ground motions which were published in the specialty section Earthquake Engineering. In the early stage of dynamic nonlinear response analysis of structures around 1960s, a simple hysteretic structural model and a simple sinusoidal earthquake ground motion input were dealt with together with random inputs. The steady-state response was tackled by an equivalent linearization method developed by Caughey, Iwan and others. In fact, the resonance plays a key role in the earthquake-resistant design and it has a strong effect even in case of near-fault ground motions. In order to draw the steady-state response curve and investigate the resonant property, two kinds of repetition have to be introduced. One is a cycle, for one forced input frequency, of the initial guess of the steady-state response amplitude, the construction of the equivalent linear model, the analysis of the steady-state response amplitude using the equivalent linear model and the update of the equivalent linear model based on the computed steady-state response amplitude. The other is the sweeping over a range of forced input frequencies. This process is quite tedious. Four original research papers included in this eBook propose a new approach to overcome this difficulty. Kojima and Takewaki demonstrated that the elastic-plastic response as continuation of free-vibrations under impulse input can be derived in a closed form by a sophisticated energy approach without solving directly the equations of motion as differential equations. While, as pointed out above, the approach based on the equivalent linearization method requires the repetition of application of the linearized equations, the method by Kojima and Takewaki does not need any repetition. The double impulse, triple impulse and multiple impulses enable us to describe directly the critical timing of impulses (resonant frequency) which is not easy for the sinusoidal and other inputs without a repetitive procedure. It is important to note that, while most of the previous methods employ the equivalent linearization of the structural model with the input unchanged, the method treated in this eBook transforms the input into a series of impulses with the structural model unchanged. This characteristic guarantees high accuracy and reliability even in the large plastic deformation range. The approach presented in this eBook is an epoch-making accomplishment to open the door for simpler and deeper understanding of structural reliability of built environments in the elastic-plastic range.

fling-step input --- Critical response --- Long-duration ground motion --- double impulse --- forward-directivity input --- triple impulse --- robustness --- Near-fault ground motion --- Ground motion --- Ductility factor --- uncertainty --- resonance --- Structural parameter --- Earthquake Response --- Elastic-plastic response --- Interval analysis --- Multiple impulse --- Earthquake input energy --- redundancy --- Upper bound of input energy --- earthquake engineering --- critical excitation method --- Energy transfer function

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This eBook is the second in a series of books on the critical earthquake response of elastic-plastic structures or rigid blocks under near-fault ground motions, and includes four original research papers which were published in the specialty section Earthquake Engineering in ‘Frontiers in Built Environment’. Several extensions of the first book1 are included here. The first article is on the soil-structure interaction problem. The reduction of an original soil-structure interaction model into a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) model enables the application of the original theory for an SDOF model to such complicated soil-structure interaction model. The second article is concerned with the extension of the original theory for an SDOF model to a 2DOF model. Since the simple application of the original theory for an SDOF model to a multi-degree-of-freedom model is difficult due to out-of-phase phenomenon of multiple masses, a convex model theory is introduced and an upper bound of elastic-plastic response is derived. The third article is related to the stability problem of structures (collapse problems of structures) in which the P-delta effect is included. It is shown that the original theory for an SDOF model with elastic-perfectly plastic restoring-force characteristic can be applied to a model with negative second slope. The fourth article is an application of the energy balance approach to an overturning limit problem of rigid blocks. A closed-form expression of the overturning limit of rigid blocks is derived for the first time after the Housner’s pioneering work in 1963. The approach presented in this book, together with the first book, is an epoch-making accomplishment to open the door for simpler and deeper understanding of structural reliability of built environments in the elastic-plastic and nonlinear range.

fling-step input --- Critical response --- Long-duration ground motion --- double impulse --- forward-directivity input --- triple impulse --- robustness --- Near-fault ground motion --- Ground motion --- Ductility factor --- uncertainty --- resonance --- Structural parameter --- Earthquake Response --- Elastic-plastic response --- Interval analysis --- Multiple impulse --- Earthquake input energy --- redundancy --- Upper bound of input energy --- earthquake engineering --- critical excitation method --- Energy transfer function

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Metalliferous minerals play a central role in the global economy. They will continue to provide the raw materials we need for industrial processes. Significant challenges will likely emerge if the climate-driven green and low-carbon development transition of metalliferous mineral exploitation is not managed responsibly and sustainably. Green low-carbon technology is vital to promote the development of metalliferous mineral resources shifting from extensive and destructive mining to clean and energy-saving mining in future decades. Global mining scientists and engineers have conducted a lot of research in related fields, such as green mining, ecological mining, energy-saving mining, and mining solid waste recycling, and have achieved a great deal of innovative progress and achievements. This Special Issue intends to collect the latest developments in the green low-carbon mining field, written by well-known researchers who have contributed to the innovation of new technologies, process optimization methods, or energy-saving techniques in metalliferous minerals development.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Mining technology & engineering --- metallurgical slag-based binders --- solidification/stabilisation --- As(III) --- As(V) --- calcium hydroxide --- sublevel caving --- numerical simulation --- physical model --- structural parameter --- green mining --- limestone --- high temperature --- confining pressure --- SHPB --- constitutive model --- open-pit mine --- PLAXIS 3D --- dynamic load --- safety factor --- acceleration --- particle sedimentation --- filling mining --- degree of influence --- pipeline transportation --- solid waste utilization --- tailings --- reclamation risk --- hazard identification --- complex network --- hazard management --- digital mine --- mine short-term production planning --- haulage equipment dispatch plan --- ABCA --- NSGA --- settlement velocity measurement --- K-means --- tailings backfill --- unsupervised learning --- cemented paste backfill --- ESEM --- picture processing --- floc networks --- pumping agent --- fractal dimension --- backfill slurry --- strength of cemented backfill --- inhomogeneity of cemented backfill --- cemented tailings backfill --- copper --- zinc --- recovery --- sulfide concentrate --- artificial microbial community --- granular backfill --- bearing characteristics --- numerical model --- particle size --- surface subsidence --- blasting dust movement --- dust concentration --- particle size distribution --- blasting dust reduction --- backfill --- metal mine --- log-sigmoid --- tailings pond --- regional distribution --- dam break --- accident statistics --- causation analysis --- backfilling --- increasing resistance and reducing pressure --- computational fluid dynamics --- spiral pipe --- stowing gradient --- coal-based solid waste --- orthogonal experiment --- strength development --- regression analysis --- engineering performance --- n/a