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This Special Issue on “LCA of Energy Systems” contains inspiring contributions on assessing the sustainability of novel technologies destined to shape the future of our energy sector. These include battery-based and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, geothermal energy, hydropower, biomass gasification, national electricity systems, and waste incineration. The analysis of trends and singularities will be invaluable to product designers, engineers, and policy makers. Furthermore, these exercises also contribute to refining the life cycle framework and harmonizing methodological decisions. Our hope is that this should be a step toward promoting the use of science and knowledge to shape a better world for everyone.

Research & information: general --- life cycle assessment --- battery electric vehicle (BEV) --- plug-in electric vehicle --- energy --- greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions --- thermodynamic modeling --- exergy --- e-waste --- secondary copper smelting --- precious metal recovery --- printed circuit board --- coalbed methane development --- risk assessment --- structural entropy weight method --- matter-element extension method --- LCA --- Spain --- renewables --- electricity --- sustainability --- carbon footprint --- employment --- LCOE --- CHP --- biomass --- gasification --- SOFC --- allocation --- multifunctionality --- geothermal energy --- flash technology --- Bagnore power plant --- pedigree matrix --- carbon dioxide capture --- activated carbon --- environmental impacts --- IGCC --- carbon capture economy --- stirling cycle-based heat pump --- gas/oil-fired boilers --- SimaPro --- eco-indicator 99 --- life cycle impact assessment --- distance-to-target weighting --- ecological scarcity --- renewable electricity and heat generation --- decentralized energy system

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This Special Issue on “LCA of Energy Systems” contains inspiring contributions on assessing the sustainability of novel technologies destined to shape the future of our energy sector. These include battery-based and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, geothermal energy, hydropower, biomass gasification, national electricity systems, and waste incineration. The analysis of trends and singularities will be invaluable to product designers, engineers, and policy makers. Furthermore, these exercises also contribute to refining the life cycle framework and harmonizing methodological decisions. Our hope is that this should be a step toward promoting the use of science and knowledge to shape a better world for everyone.

Research & information: general --- life cycle assessment --- battery electric vehicle (BEV) --- plug-in electric vehicle --- energy --- greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions --- thermodynamic modeling --- exergy --- e-waste --- secondary copper smelting --- precious metal recovery --- printed circuit board --- coalbed methane development --- risk assessment --- structural entropy weight method --- matter-element extension method --- LCA --- Spain --- renewables --- electricity --- sustainability --- carbon footprint --- employment --- LCOE --- CHP --- biomass --- gasification --- SOFC --- allocation --- multifunctionality --- geothermal energy --- flash technology --- Bagnore power plant --- pedigree matrix --- carbon dioxide capture --- activated carbon --- environmental impacts --- IGCC --- carbon capture economy --- stirling cycle-based heat pump --- gas/oil-fired boilers --- SimaPro --- eco-indicator 99 --- life cycle impact assessment --- distance-to-target weighting --- ecological scarcity --- renewable electricity and heat generation --- decentralized energy system --- life cycle assessment --- battery electric vehicle (BEV) --- plug-in electric vehicle --- energy --- greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions --- thermodynamic modeling --- exergy --- e-waste --- secondary copper smelting --- precious metal recovery --- printed circuit board --- coalbed methane development --- risk assessment --- structural entropy weight method --- matter-element extension method --- LCA --- Spain --- renewables --- electricity --- sustainability --- carbon footprint --- employment --- LCOE --- CHP --- biomass --- gasification --- SOFC --- allocation --- multifunctionality --- geothermal energy --- flash technology --- Bagnore power plant --- pedigree matrix --- carbon dioxide capture --- activated carbon --- environmental impacts --- IGCC --- carbon capture economy --- stirling cycle-based heat pump --- gas/oil-fired boilers --- SimaPro --- eco-indicator 99 --- life cycle impact assessment --- distance-to-target weighting --- ecological scarcity --- renewable electricity and heat generation --- decentralized energy system

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Image analysis is a fundamental task for extracting information from images acquired across a range of different devices. Since reliable quantitative results are requested, image analysis requires highly sophisticated numerical and analytical methods—particularly for applications in medicine, security, and remote sensing, where the results of the processing may consist of vitally important data. The contributions to this book provide a good overview of the most important demands and solutions concerning this research area. In particular, the reader will find image analysis applied for feature extraction, encryption and decryption of data, color segmentation, and in the support new technologies. In all the contributions, entropy plays a pivotal role.

keyframes --- time-delay --- whale optimization algorithm --- multilevel thresholding --- multi-exposure image fusion --- additive manufacturing --- patch structure decomposition --- ultra-sound images --- 3D scanning --- Arimoto entropy --- contrast enhancement --- spatial filling factor --- depth maps --- image processing --- 3D prints --- differential evolution --- field of experts --- normalized divergence measure --- image privacy --- multiscale top-hat transform --- q-exponential --- texture information entropy --- diffusion --- hybrid algorithm --- Weibull statistics --- adaptive selection --- nonextensive entropy --- computer aided diagnostics --- fatty liver --- random forest --- DNA encoding --- low contrast --- entropy --- Minkowski island --- fuzzy entropy --- free-form deformations --- person re-identification --- chaotic system --- DNA computing --- pavement --- information entropy --- discrete entropy --- Tsallis statistics --- video skimming --- prime-indexed primes --- natural scene statistics (NSS) --- Hénon map --- q-sigmoid --- image entropy --- Shannon entropy --- macrotexture --- Shannon’s entropy --- binary image --- multi-feature fusion --- image analysis --- uncertainty assessment --- non-rigid registration --- hash layer --- Cantor set --- dynamic filtering --- deep neural network --- security analysis --- multiple-image encryption --- Hamming distance --- blind image quality assessment (BIQA) --- q-Gaussian --- remote sensing --- decay trend --- chaotic cryptography --- chaotic strategy --- cross-entropy loss --- random insertion --- metabolic syndrome --- sign languages --- generalized entropies --- relevance feedback --- image retrieval --- two-dimensional chaotic economic map --- cryptanalysis --- infrared images --- 3D Latin cube --- SHA-256 hash value --- gradient distributions --- structural entropy --- discrete cosine transform (DCT) --- chaotic map --- hepatic steatosis --- machine vision --- electromagnetic field optimization --- security --- image segmentation --- quantization loss --- colonoscopy --- video summarization --- permutation --- Kapur’s entropy --- surface quality assessment --- permutation-diffusion --- Ramanujan primes --- Rényi entropies --- chosen-plaintext attack --- image encryption --- dynamic index --- color image segmentation --- ultrasound --- Otsu method --- sigmoid --- reconstruction --- image information entropy --- 3-D digital imaging --- positron emission tomography --- medical imaging

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There is no term that better describes the essential features of human society than complexity. On various levels, from the decision-making processes of individuals, through to the interactions between individuals leading to the spontaneous formation of groups and social hierarchies, up to the collective, herding processes that reshape whole societies, all these features share the property of irreducibility, i.e., they require a holistic, multi-level approach formed by researchers from different disciplines. This Special Issue aims to collect research studies that, by exploiting the latest advances in physics, economics, complex networks, and data science, make a step towards understanding these economic and social systems. The majority of submissions are devoted to financial market analysis and modeling, including the stock and cryptocurrency markets in the COVID-19 pandemic, systemic risk quantification and control, wealth condensation, the innovation-related performance of companies, and more. Looking more at societies, there are papers that deal with regional development, land speculation, and the-fake news-fighting strategies, the issues which are of central interest in contemporary society. On top of this, one of the contributions proposes a new, improved complexity measure.

volatility clustering --- Baidu Index --- information demand --- generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model (GARCH) --- mixture of distribution hypothesis --- speculation --- land acquisition --- motivation --- real estate --- development --- Ethiopia --- systemic risk --- macroprudential policy --- agent-based modelling --- inequality --- central-banking --- information transfer --- transfer entropy --- stock markets --- econophysics --- complexity science --- information theory --- economic complexity --- evolutionary dynamics --- network theory --- leveraged trading --- stock price crash risk --- threshold effect --- complexity in stock market --- entropy economics --- non-extensive cross-entropy econometrics --- non-ergodic ill-behaved inverse problems --- general system theory --- non-linear dynamics --- complex adaptive systems --- homo oeconomicus --- edge of chaos --- complexity economics --- pricing constraint --- IPO timing --- dynamic game model --- real option --- complexity of IPOs --- financial institution --- complex network --- jump volatility --- entropy weight TOPSIS --- structural entropy --- stock market --- EMD --- cluster-entropy --- Shannon-entropy --- financial markets --- time series --- dynamics --- Tsallis entropy --- copula functions --- cross-shareholding network --- finance --- cryptocurrencies --- multivariate transfer entropy --- complex networks --- liquidity proxy --- liquidity benchmark --- volatility estimate --- correlation coefficient --- partial determination --- mutual information --- forecasting market risk --- value at risk --- extreme returns --- peaks over threshold --- self-exciting point process --- discrete-time models --- generalized Pareto distribution --- dynamical complexity --- universal complexity measure --- irreversible processes --- entropies --- entropic susceptibilities --- complex systems --- multifractal analysis --- detrended cross-correlations --- minimal spanning tree --- wealth condensation --- agent-based computational economics --- bargaining --- gain function --- macroeconomics --- innovative activity --- manufacturing industry --- conjunctural movements --- cybernetics --- feedback loops --- correspondence analysis --- Polish Green Island effect --- Red Queen effect --- Kondratieff waves --- power law --- Zipf law --- gender productivity gap --- fake news --- rumor spreading --- Nash equilibrium --- evolutionarily stable strategies --- evolutionary information search dynamics --- nonlinear dynamics --- chaos --- time series analysis --- stock exchange market --- Lyapunov --- recurrence plots --- BDS --- correlation dimension --- GARCH model --- measure of economic development --- websites --- public administration sector --- municipality --- four-colour theorem --- prosumption --- platforms for participation --- location quotient --- dual graph --- Euler characteristic --- n/a

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Our Special Issue we publish at a turning point, which we have not dealt with since World War II. The interconnected long-term global shocks such as the coronavirus pandemic, the war in Ukraine, and catastrophic climate change have imposed significant humanitary, socio-economic, political, and environmental restrictions on the globalization process and all aspects of economic and social life including the existence of individual people. The planet is trapped—the current situation seems to be the prelude to an apocalypse whose long-term effects we will have for decades. Therefore, it urgently requires a concept of the planet's survival to be built—only on this basis can the conditions for its development be created. The Special Issue gives evidence of the state of econophysics before the current situation. Therefore, it can provide excellent econophysics or an inter-and cross-disciplinary starting point of a rational approach to a new era.

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- energy --- economic growth --- output elasticities --- entropy production --- emissions --- optimization --- speculative attacks --- currency crisis --- neural networks --- deep learning --- Quantum-Inspired Neural Network --- traveling salesman problem --- simulated annealing technique --- kinetic exchange model --- Gini index --- Kolkata index --- minority game --- Kolkata Paise Restaurant problem --- time series analysis --- cross-correlations --- power law classification scheme --- network analysis --- globalisation --- entropy --- portfolio optimization --- regularization --- renormalization --- econophysics --- highway freight transportation --- radiation model --- transportation network --- network diversity --- power law --- economic development --- decision-making --- bounded rationality --- complexity economics --- information-theory --- maximum entropy principle --- quantal response statistical equilibrium --- correlation coefficient --- detrended cross-correlation analysis --- COVID-19 --- mobility indices --- random geometry --- risk measurement --- disordered systems --- replica theory --- return distributions --- power-law tails --- stretched exponentials --- q-Gaussians --- financial markets --- financial complexity --- collective intelligence --- emergent property --- stock correlation --- lexical evolution of econophysics --- text as data --- correspondence analysis --- long-range memory --- 1/f noise --- absolute value estimator --- anomalous diffusion --- ARFIMA --- first-passage times --- fractional Lèvy stable motion --- Higuchi's method --- mean squared displacement --- multiplicative point process --- correlation filtering --- minimal spanning tree --- planar maximally filtered graph --- topological data analysis --- SGX --- TAIEX --- complex systems --- ecological economics --- urban-regional economics --- income distribution --- financial market dynamics --- income tax --- tax deduction --- income redistribution --- government transfer --- government dependency --- poverty line --- basic income guarantee --- effective tax rate --- balanced budget --- elastic tax --- Cantor set --- fractals --- homeomorphism --- detrended fluctuation analysis --- Hurst exponent --- continuous time random walk --- intertrade times --- volatility clustering --- local transfer entropy --- long-short-term-memory --- Bitcoin --- cryptocurrencies --- multiscale analysis --- detrended cross-correlations --- covariance matrices --- copulas --- high-frequency trading --- market stability --- agent-based models --- structural entropy --- Economic Freedom of the World index --- Index of Economic Freedom --- rank-size law technique --- power law behaviour --- exponential behaviour --- multiscale partition function --- multifractal analysis --- company market --- export readiness --- internationalization --- options pricing --- mortality --- companies --- start-up --- FTSE100 --- Gompertz --- MinMax --- survival probability distribution --- high-frequency trader --- multivariate Hawkes process --- forex market --- wealth distribution --- kinetic models --- wealth inequalities --- compartmental epidemic modelling --- vaccination campaign --- flash crash --- systemic risk --- financial networks --- high frequency trading --- market microstructure --- phase transition --- criticality --- dynamics of complex networks --- cascading failure --- network science --- economic complexity --- relatedness --- products and services --- planar graph --- partial correlation --- discounting --- bond pricing --- real interest rates --- calendar anomalies --- day-of-the-week effect --- market indices --- multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis --- energy --- economic growth --- output elasticities --- entropy production --- emissions --- optimization --- speculative attacks --- currency crisis --- neural networks --- deep learning --- Quantum-Inspired Neural Network --- traveling salesman problem --- simulated annealing technique --- kinetic exchange model --- Gini index --- Kolkata index --- minority game --- Kolkata Paise Restaurant problem --- time series analysis --- cross-correlations --- power law classification scheme --- network analysis --- globalisation --- entropy --- portfolio optimization --- regularization --- renormalization --- econophysics --- highway freight transportation --- radiation model --- transportation network --- network diversity --- power law --- economic development --- decision-making --- bounded rationality --- complexity economics --- information-theory --- maximum entropy principle --- quantal response statistical equilibrium --- correlation coefficient --- detrended cross-correlation analysis --- COVID-19 --- mobility indices --- random geometry --- risk measurement --- disordered systems --- replica theory --- return distributions --- power-law tails --- stretched exponentials --- q-Gaussians --- financial markets --- financial complexity --- collective intelligence --- emergent property --- stock correlation --- lexical evolution of econophysics --- text as data --- correspondence analysis --- long-range memory --- 1/f noise --- absolute value estimator --- anomalous diffusion --- ARFIMA --- first-passage times --- fractional Lèvy stable motion --- Higuchi's method --- mean squared displacement --- multiplicative point process --- correlation filtering --- minimal spanning tree --- planar maximally filtered graph --- topological data analysis --- SGX --- TAIEX --- complex systems --- ecological economics --- urban-regional economics --- income distribution --- financial market dynamics --- income tax --- tax deduction --- income redistribution --- government transfer --- government dependency --- poverty line --- basic income guarantee --- effective tax rate --- balanced budget --- elastic tax --- Cantor set --- fractals --- homeomorphism --- detrended fluctuation analysis --- Hurst exponent --- continuous time random walk --- intertrade times --- volatility clustering --- local transfer entropy --- long-short-term-memory --- Bitcoin --- cryptocurrencies --- multiscale analysis --- detrended cross-correlations --- covariance matrices --- copulas --- high-frequency trading --- market stability --- agent-based models --- structural entropy --- Economic Freedom of the World index --- Index of Economic Freedom --- rank-size law technique --- power law behaviour --- exponential behaviour --- multiscale partition function --- multifractal analysis --- company market --- export readiness --- internationalization --- options pricing --- mortality --- companies --- start-up --- FTSE100 --- Gompertz --- MinMax --- survival probability distribution --- high-frequency trader --- multivariate Hawkes process --- forex market --- wealth distribution --- kinetic models --- wealth inequalities --- compartmental epidemic modelling --- vaccination campaign --- flash crash --- systemic risk --- financial networks --- high frequency trading --- market microstructure --- phase transition --- criticality --- dynamics of complex networks --- cascading failure --- network science --- economic complexity --- relatedness --- products and services --- planar graph --- partial correlation --- discounting --- bond pricing --- real interest rates --- calendar anomalies --- day-of-the-week effect --- market indices --- multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis