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Book
Wood Properties and Processing
Author:
ISBN: 3039288229 3039288210 Year: 2020 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Wood-based materials are CO2-neutral, renewable, and considered to be environmentally friendly. The huge variety of wood species and wood-based composites allows a wide scope of creative and esthetic alternatives to materials with higher environmental impacts during production, use and disposal. Quality of wood is influenced by the genetic and environmental factors. One of the emerging uses of wood are building and construction applications. Modern building and construction practices would not be possible without use of wood or wood-based composites. The use of composites enables using wood of lower quality for the production of materials with engineered properties for specific target applications. Even more, the utilization of such reinforcing particles as carbon nanotubes and nanocellulose enables development of a new generation of composites with even better properties. The positive aspect of decomposability of waste wood can turn into the opposite when wood or wood-based materials are exposed to weathering, moisture oscillations, different discolorations, and degrading organisms. Protective measures are therefore unavoidable for many outdoor applications. Resistance of wood against different aging factors is always a combined effect of toxic or inhibiting ingredients on the one hand, and of structural, anatomical, or chemical ways of excluding moisture on the other.

Keywords

neural network --- Pinus massoniana Lamb. --- intra-ring variation --- relative humidity --- ultimate state --- nondestructive assessment --- machinability --- stiffness --- wood based composites --- bamboo --- poplar seedlings --- thinning --- blue staining fungi --- tropical woods --- compression --- bending stiffness --- wooden windows --- ultrasonic wave velocity measurement --- glued lamella --- three-point bending --- wood properties --- technological and product innovations --- structural changes --- non-destructive testing --- hardwoods --- brittleness --- green larch --- root-collar diameter --- FTIR --- material preference --- cooling tower --- tensile modulus --- strength grading --- immigrants --- weight of a user --- density --- flexible chair --- predictive performance --- heat treatment --- modulus of elasticity --- orthotropic --- acoustic resonance --- building material --- CIEL*a*b* system --- deflection at the modulus of rupture --- marketing --- bamboo grid packing --- fungi --- minimal curve radius --- European hardwoods --- cyclic loading --- chemical composition --- laminated wood --- volume yield --- tensile strength --- artificial weathering --- glulam --- dynamic modulus of elasticity --- colour changes --- modulus of elasticity (MOE) --- coefficient of wood bendability --- urban housing --- Resistance to Impact Milling (RIM) --- nondestructive testing --- Coniophora puteana --- roughness --- brown rot --- wood --- phenol formaldehyde resin --- wood-processing industry performance --- elemental composition --- natural weathering --- longitudinal stress wave velocity --- mechanical properties --- aluminium reinforcements --- chemical changes --- colour change --- High-Energy Multiple Impact (HEMI)–test --- plantation timber --- fiber-managed hardwoods --- cooling packing --- wood mechanical properties --- flexural rigidity --- moisture content --- ultrasonic speed --- color --- elastic constants --- Douglas-fir --- mixed-effects hierarchical linear models --- wood impregnation --- dynamic strength --- microfibril angle --- silviculture --- low quality round wood --- Eucalyptus --- hybrid beams --- end-product-based fiber attribute determinates --- high frequency drying --- infrared spectroscopy --- building culture background --- lumber --- Euler-Bernoulli --- ultrasound --- cell-wall mechanics --- colour --- deflection at the limit of proportionality


Book
Non-destructive Testing of Materials in Civil Engineering
Author:
ISBN: 3039216910 3039216902 Year: 2019 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

This book was proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of nondestructive testing of materials in civil engineering. For this reason, the articles highlighted in this editorial relate to different aspects of nondestructive testing of different materials in civil engineering—from building materials to building structures. The current trend in the development of nondestructive testing of materials in civil engineering is mainly concerned with the detection of flaws and defects in concrete elements and structures, and acoustic methods predominate in this field. As in medicine, the trend is towards designing test equipment that allows one to obtain a picture of the inside of the tested element and materials. From this point of view, interesting results with significance for building practices have been obtained

Keywords

microstructure --- acoustic emission AE --- rebound hammer --- service life of a structure --- horizontal casting --- precipitation --- natural frequency --- reinforced concrete chimney --- diagnostic --- moisture safety --- adhesion assessment --- gantry crane --- stress wave --- materials research --- acoustic methods --- SEM-EDS analysis --- SilverSchmidt --- reinforced concrete grandstand stadium --- concrete strength --- autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) --- concrete elements --- reinforced concrete tanks --- degree of degradation --- fatigue tests --- X-ray micro-computed tomography --- GPR method --- defects --- singular value truncation --- ultrasonic tomography --- cement-based composites --- SEM --- moisture of AAC --- sulphate corrosion --- damage --- strengthening --- masonry structures --- eddy-current method --- non-destructive evaluation --- non-destructive testing --- NDT methods --- Structural Health Monitoring --- mercury intrusion porosimetry --- temperature --- vibration analysis --- cesium --- rebar location --- nanoindentation --- monitoring of structures --- RMF technique --- machine learning --- lead --- viscoelastic parameters --- structural tuning --- diagnostics --- resistance measurement --- thermal contrast --- non-destructive method --- destruction process --- asphalt mixtures --- solid-state NMR spectroscopy --- quasi brittle cement composites --- fibre-cement boards --- adhesive joints --- compressive strength --- nondestructive testing --- defect detection --- location of inclusions --- active thermography --- concrete strength prediction --- concrete mix design --- building materials --- micro-computed tomography --- adsorption --- timber structures --- scanning laser vibrometry --- durability --- ultrasonic wave --- surface complexation --- artificial neural networks --- civil engineering --- ultrasonic testing --- ultrasound tests --- acoustic emission --- cellulose fibre cement boards --- concrete --- excitation frequency --- data mining --- crowd-induced excitation --- ultrasound measurements --- wood moisture sensing --- acoustic spectrum --- thermovision --- corrosion processes --- four point bending beam --- spun concrete --- structural damage --- X-ray computed tomography --- waste brick dust --- concrete slabs and floorings --- mathematical morphology --- Burgers model --- pattern recognition --- brittle fracture --- data noise --- drilling resistance --- damage detection --- fiber cement boards --- thermography --- non-destructive methods --- concrete corrosion --- ultrasound --- Lamb waves --- deconvolution --- ultrasonic tests --- creep test --- shape and size of specimen --- building partition --- multiple feedbacks

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