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This book presents articles written by leading experts surveying several major subfields in Condensed Matter Physics and related sciences. The articles are based on invited talks presented at a recent conference honoring Nobel laureate Philip W. Anderson of Princeton University, who coined the phrase "More is different" while formulating his contention that all fields of physics, indeed all of science, involve equally fundamental insights. The articles introduce and survey current research in areas that have been close to Anderson's interests. Together, they illustrate both the deep impact that Anderson has had in this multifaceted field during the past half century and the progress spawned by his insights. The contributors cover numerous topics under the umbrellas of superconductivity, superfluidity, magnetism, electron localization, strongly interacting electronic systems, heavy fermions, and disorder and frustration in glass and spin-glass systems. They also describe interdisciplinary areas such as the science of olfaction and color vision, the screening of macroions in electrolytes, scaling and renormalization in cosmology, forest fires and the spread of measles, and the investigation of "NP-complete" problems in computer science. The articles are authored by Philip W. Anderson, Per Bak and Kan Chen, G. Baskaran, Juan Carlos Campuzano, Paul Chaikin, John Hopfield, Bernhard Keimer, Scott Kirkpatrick and Bart Selman, Gabriel Kotliar, Patrick Lee, Yoshiteru Maeno, Marc Mezard, Douglas Osheroff et al., H. R. Ott, L. Pietronero et al., T. V. Ramakrishnan, A. Ramirez, Myriam Sarachik, T. Senthil and Matthew P. A. Fisher, B. I. Shklovskii et al., and F. Steglich et al.

Condensed matter. --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Liquids --- Matter --- Solids --- Coulomb gap. --- Diversification. --- Effective Hamfltonians. --- Local degrees of freedom. --- Mott Insulator. --- Newtonian mode. --- Numerical Approach. --- Sociologists. --- Superconducting. --- antagonism. --- conceptual foundation. --- condense. --- decays. --- electron-phonon coupling. --- electronic mechanism. --- foreshadowing. --- fractionalized. --- function of time. --- impurities. --- independently. --- insulating. --- localization. --- low energy. --- multiphase diagram. --- paramagnetic. --- quasidegeneracy. --- stoichiometric. --- superconductors. --- unconventional.

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Forest ecosystems are often disturbed by agents such as harvesting, fire, wind, insects and diseases, and acid deposition, with differing intensities and frequencies. Such disturbances can markedly affect the amount, form, and stability of soil organic carbon in, and the emission of greenhouse gases, including CO2, CH4, and N2O from, forest ecosystems. It is vitally important that we improve our understanding of the impact of different disturbance regimes on forest soil carbon dynamics and greenhouse gas emissions to guide our future research, forest management practices, and policy development. This Special Issue provides an important update on the disturbance effects on soil carbon and greenhouse gas emissions in forest ecosystems in different climate regions.

greenhouse gas emission --- heterotrophic respiration --- Camellia oleifera --- Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr --- soil microbial residue --- assisted natural regeneration --- soil organic carbon --- soil carbon sequestration --- soil CO2 --- surface soil layer --- landform --- anthropogenic effect --- South Korea --- CO2 effluxes --- storm damage --- microbial properties --- calcareous soil --- land use pattern --- soil total nitrogen --- generation --- tree mortality --- land use types --- forest conversion --- DCD --- carbon source–sink --- stoichiometric ratios --- autotrophic respiration --- N2O --- CO2 emission --- organic carbon mineralization --- CH4 emissions --- clear-cutting --- CO2 production and diffusion --- soil quality --- nitrification inhibitor --- organic carbon accumulation --- climate change mitigation --- global change --- greenhouse gas inventory --- warming --- soil properties --- bacterial community --- sensitivity --- soil characteristics --- forest --- insect outbreak --- biochar --- nitrous oxide --- CO2 --- soil respiration --- land-use change --- decomposition --- soil --- natural forest --- calcareous soils --- greenhouse gas --- forest soils --- karst graben basin --- plantation --- rocky desertification --- fitting parameters --- temperature --- forest disturbance --- microbe --- subtropical forest --- N addition --- carbon stock changes --- IPCC --- next-generation sequencing --- nitrogen --- N2O emissions --- red soils --- CH4 --- coastal wetlands --- CO2 emissions --- stand age --- successive planting --- plum plantation ages

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The long-term productivity of forest ecosystems depends on the cycling of nutrients. The effect of carbon dioxide fertilization on forest productivity may ultimately be limited by the rate of nutrient cycling. Contemporary and future disturbances such as climatic warming, N-deposition, deforestation, short rotation sylviculture, fire (both wild and controlled), and the invasion of exotic species all place strains on the integrity of ecosystem nutrient cycling. Global differences in climate, soils, and species make it difficult to extrapolate even a single important study worldwide. Despite advances in the understanding of nutrient cycling and carbon production in forests, many questions remain. The chapters in this volume reflect many contemporary research priorities. The thirteen studies in this volume are arranged in the following subject groups: • N and P resorption from foliage worldwide, along chronosequences and along elevation gradients; • Litter production and decomposition; • N and P stoichiometry as affected by N deposition, geographic gradients, species changes, and ecosystem restoration; • Effects of N and P addition on understory biomass, litter, and soil; • Effects of burning on soil nutrients; • Effects of N addition on soil fauna.

leaf stoichiometry --- Cyclocarya paliurus --- geographic variations --- natural populations --- climate variables --- nitrogen --- phosphorus --- N:P ratio --- soil stoichiometry --- soil nutrient --- nutrient limitations --- natural grassland --- natural forest --- soil fauna --- N addition --- soil profile --- community structure --- food resources --- poplar plantations --- experimental nitrogen addition --- understory plant growth --- plant nutrient --- nonstructural carbohydrates --- Alpine treeline --- Nitrogen --- Non-structural carbohydrates --- Phosphorus --- Potassium --- Remobilization --- Storage --- Upper limits --- nutrient resorption --- nitrogen and phosphorous --- planted forests --- climate zones --- plant functional types --- precipitation --- green leaf nutrient --- nitrogen deposition --- N and P colimitation --- leaf N:P stoichiometry --- soil N:P stoichiometry --- seasonal variations --- nutrition resorption --- ecological stoichiometry --- plant-soil feedback --- stand age --- Robinia pseudoacacia L. --- forests --- nutrients --- disturbance --- management --- diversity --- biomass --- soil properties --- experimental fires --- UV-spectroscopy analysis --- thermal infrared thermometer --- nitrogen and phosphorus addition --- understory plants --- stoichiometric ratio --- litter decomposition --- litter standing crop carbon --- conversion coefficient --- climatic factors --- Tibetan Plateau --- shrublands --- Cunninghamia lanceolata --- mixture effect --- nutrient cycling --- rhizosphere effect --- species competition

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The majority of carbon stored in the soils of the world is stored in forests. The refractory nature of some portions of forest soil organic matter also provides the slow, gradual release of organic nitrogen and phosphorus to sustain long term forest productivity. Contemporary and future disturbances, such as climatic warming, deforestation, short rotation sylviculture, the invasion of exotic species, and fire, all place strains on the integrity of this homeostatic system of C, N, and P cycling. On the other hand, the CO2 fertilization effect may partially offset losses of soil organic matter, but many have questioned the ability of N and P stocks to sustain the CO2 fertilization effect.

polyphenols --- aluminum accumulator --- near natural forest management --- chloroform fumigation extraction --- soil structure --- soil enzymes --- manure pelleting --- microbial biomass --- Oxisol --- biolability --- soil nutrients --- second production cycle --- PLFA --- pyrolysis --- Eucalyptus sp. --- Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation --- carbon --- the Three Gorges Reservoir --- revegetation --- carbon distribution index --- climate change --- seasons --- annual increment average --- topography --- humic substances --- litter N --- soil fertility --- climate zone --- nutrient cycling --- Daxing’an Mountains --- carbon mineralization --- nitrification --- 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P NMR) --- organic matter --- throughfall --- forest soil --- dissolved organic carbon (DOC) --- P species --- stoichiometric homeostasis --- dissolved organic matter (DOM) --- soil organic matter fraction --- variable-charge soils --- ammonium --- nitrate --- soil degradation --- soil P fractions --- seasonal trends --- ammonia-oxidizing bacteria --- nitrogen dynamics --- net primary productivity --- soil microbial communities --- beech forests --- soil pH --- wood volume --- temperature --- northern temperate --- multilevel models --- Pinus massoniana plantation --- ammonia-oxidizing archaea --- P stock --- stand density --- P resorption efficiency --- forest types --- soil greenhouse gas flux --- enzyme activities --- soil N --- alpine forest --- moisture gradient --- climate --- climatic factors --- soil available phosphorus --- microbial activity --- soil available nitrogen --- leaf N:P ratio --- stemflow --- Chamaecyparis forest --- charcoal --- gross nitrogen transformations --- principal component analyses --- information review --- manuring --- stand age --- tree-DOM

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Significant progress has been made in nanophotonics and the use of nanostructured materials for optoelectronic devices, including light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes, which have recently attracted considerable attention due to their unique geometry. Nanostructures in small dimensions, comprising nanowires, nanotubes, and nanoparticles, etc,. can be perfectly integrated into a variety of technological platforms, offering novel physical and chemical properties for high-performance, light-emitting devices. This Special Issue aims to present the most recent advances in the field of nanophotonics, which focuses on LEDs and laser diodes. We invite contributions of original research articles, as well as review articles that are aligned to the following topics that include, but are not limited to, thetheoretical calculation, synthesis, characterization, and application of such novel nanostructures for light-emitting devices. The application of nanostructured light-emitters in general lighting, imaging, and displays is also highly encouraged.

Liquid phase deposition method --- InGaN/GaN light-emitting diode --- silver nanoparticle --- zinc oxide --- localized surface plasmon --- β-Ga2O3 --- III-Nitrides --- monoclinic --- hexagonal arrangement --- high-power --- current distribution --- vertical structure LED --- blue organic light emitting diodes --- transport materials --- host-dopant --- nanoparticles --- luminescence --- non-stoichiometric ZnxAgyInS1.5+x+0.5y nanocrystals --- photoluminescence properties --- tunable fluorescence emission --- one-pot approach --- perovskite light-emitting diodes --- three-step spin coating --- hole transport layer --- PEDOT:PSS/MoO3-ammonia composite --- μLED displays --- μLEDs --- GaN nanowires --- core-shell structure --- ultraviolet (UV) emitter --- surface plasmon --- Pt nanoparticles --- hole-pattern --- photon emission efficiency --- distributed Bragg reflectors --- gratings --- GaN-based lasers --- linewidth --- epsilon-near-zero --- wideband absorber --- plasmon mode --- Brewster mode --- visible light communication --- photonic crystals --- flip-chip LED --- Purcell effect --- light extraction efficiency --- nanostructured materials --- surface/interface properties --- nanostructured light-emitting devices --- physical mechanism --- surface/interface modification --- surface/interface control --- micro-scale light emitting diode --- sapphire substrate --- encapsulation --- compound semiconductor --- nanostructure --- ultraviolet --- light-emitting diode (LED) --- molecular beam epitaxy --- GaN --- AlN --- photonic nanojet --- photonic nanojet array --- self-assembly --- template-assisted self-assembly --- patterning efficiency --- III-nitride thin film --- nanostructures --- ultraviolet emitters --- surface passivation --- luminescence intensity --- n/a