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International Migration and Household Well-Being : Evidence from Uzbekistan
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Year: 2019 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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Abstract

As one of the most pivotal ways that labor markets adjust to changing economic conditions, international migration is never far from the center of the national discussion in Uzbekistan. This paper summarizes the relationship between recent international migration trends and household well-being using a combination of administrative records and unique panel survey data from the Listening to the Citizens of Uzbekistan study. The panel design provides data on changes in well-being leading up to and following a migrants' departure. This feature enables analysis that controls for unobserved time-invariant respondent and location characteristics. The findings show that weak local labor markets drive labor migration from Uzbekistan. Beginning to consider migration is associated with low life satisfaction, job loss, and unemployment. In contrast, actually migrating is associated with a remarkable improvement in labor market outcomes, alongside strong recovery in subjective and monetary measures of household welfare. The results further show that current migrants are more likely to send remittance payments when household members have deteriorating life satisfaction and/or subjective reports of worsening economic conditions at home. In the absence of remittance income, the poverty rate in Uzbekistan (measured at 3.2 dollar/day purchasing power parity) would be expected to rise from 9.6 to 16.8 percent, or to about 12.2 percent assuming (implausibly) that all current migrants were to find formal employment at the local prevailing median wage.


Book
Viral Lobbying : Strategies, Access and Influence During the COVID-19 Pandemic
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ISBN: 3110783142 3110783053 3110783908 Year: 2022 Publisher: Berlin ; Boston : De Gruyter,

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Pandemic policies have been the focus of fierce lobbying competition by different social and economic interests. In Viral Lobbying a team of expert authors from across the social and natural sciences analyse patterns in and implications of this 'viral lobbying'. Based on elite surveys and focus group interviews with selected groups, the book provides new evidence on the lobbying strategies used during the COVID 19 pandemic, as well as the resulting access to and lobbying influence on public policy. The empirical analyses reach across eight European countries (Austria, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, United Kingdom), as well as the EU-level. In particular, the book draws on responses from approximately 1,600 interest organisations in two waves of a cross-country survey (in 2020 and 2021, respectively). This quantitative data is supplemented by qualitative evidence from a series of 12 focus groups with organised interests in Ireland, Denmark and the Netherlands conducted in spring 2021.


Book
Feature Paper in Antibiotics for 2019
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Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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There has been much speculation about a possible antibiotic Armageddon; this would be the result of having untreatable post-operative infections, and similarly untreatable complications after chemotherapy. The now famous “O’Neill Report” (https://amr-review.org/) suggests that more people could die from resistant bacterial infections by 2050 than from cancer. We are still learning about all the subtle drivers of antibiotic resistance, and realizing that we need a single “whole of health” co-ordinated policy. We ingest what we sometimes feed to animals. There do not seem to be any new classes of antibiotics on our horizon. Perhaps something that has been around “forever” will come to our rescue—bacteriophages! Nevertheless, we have to do things differently, use antibiotics appropriately, for the correct indication, for the correct duration and with the correct dose, and with that, practice good antibiotic stewardship. Whilst by no means comprehensive, this book does cover some of the many topics of antibiotic stewardship. It also addresses some of the older antibiotics, some new combinations, and even some new agents. Last, and by no means least, there are two excellent articles on bacteriophages.

Keywords

Antimicrobial resistance --- antibiotics --- antimicrobial stewardship --- inappropriate prescribing --- days of therapy --- Start Smart then Focus --- piperine --- piperlongumine --- antibacterial --- antifungal --- synergy --- non-target feed --- florfenicol --- thiamfenicol --- chloramfenicol --- HPLC–MS/MS --- validation --- swine --- out-of-hours care --- primary care --- quality of care --- quality indicators --- practitioners cooperative --- antibiotic stewardship --- fluoroquinolones --- guidelines --- urinary tract infections --- quality improvement --- general practitioners --- guideline --- health inequalities --- health equity assessment tool --- public health --- Enterobacteriaceae --- carbapenem-resistant --- CRE --- antibiotic resistance --- antimicrobials --- bacteriophages --- biofilms --- novel antimicrobials --- Antibiotics --- resistance --- broad-spectrum agents --- hospital epidemiology --- antibiotic utilization --- infection control --- infection prevention --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- Acinetobacter baumannii --- extended-spectrum beta-lactamases --- carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae --- methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus --- clinical trials --- infectious disease --- phage therapy --- silver complexes --- camphorimine --- anti-Candida activity --- antifungals --- antibacterials --- efflux inhibitors --- efflux pumps --- erm(41) --- mutations --- mycobacteria --- verapamil --- actinomycetes --- bioactivity --- polyketides --- polyketide synthases --- biosynthesis --- antimicrobial resistance --- economic evaluation --- cost-utility analysis --- cost-effectiveness analysis --- policy analysis --- One Health --- Singapore --- antibiotic prescribing --- implementation --- behavior change --- stakeholder consultation --- n/a --- HPLC-MS/MS


Book
Feature Paper in Antibiotics for 2019
Author:
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Export citation

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Bookmark

Abstract

There has been much speculation about a possible antibiotic Armageddon; this would be the result of having untreatable post-operative infections, and similarly untreatable complications after chemotherapy. The now famous “O’Neill Report” (https://amr-review.org/) suggests that more people could die from resistant bacterial infections by 2050 than from cancer. We are still learning about all the subtle drivers of antibiotic resistance, and realizing that we need a single “whole of health” co-ordinated policy. We ingest what we sometimes feed to animals. There do not seem to be any new classes of antibiotics on our horizon. Perhaps something that has been around “forever” will come to our rescue—bacteriophages! Nevertheless, we have to do things differently, use antibiotics appropriately, for the correct indication, for the correct duration and with the correct dose, and with that, practice good antibiotic stewardship. Whilst by no means comprehensive, this book does cover some of the many topics of antibiotic stewardship. It also addresses some of the older antibiotics, some new combinations, and even some new agents. Last, and by no means least, there are two excellent articles on bacteriophages.

Keywords

Medicine --- Antimicrobial resistance --- antibiotics --- antimicrobial stewardship --- inappropriate prescribing --- days of therapy --- Start Smart then Focus --- piperine --- piperlongumine --- antibacterial --- antifungal --- synergy --- non-target feed --- florfenicol --- thiamfenicol --- chloramfenicol --- HPLC-MS/MS --- validation --- swine --- out-of-hours care --- primary care --- quality of care --- quality indicators --- practitioners cooperative --- antibiotic stewardship --- fluoroquinolones --- guidelines --- urinary tract infections --- quality improvement --- general practitioners --- guideline --- health inequalities --- health equity assessment tool --- public health --- Enterobacteriaceae --- carbapenem-resistant --- CRE --- antibiotic resistance --- antimicrobials --- bacteriophages --- biofilms --- novel antimicrobials --- Antibiotics --- resistance --- broad-spectrum agents --- hospital epidemiology --- antibiotic utilization --- infection control --- infection prevention --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- Acinetobacter baumannii --- extended-spectrum beta-lactamases --- carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae --- methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus --- clinical trials --- infectious disease --- phage therapy --- silver complexes --- camphorimine --- anti-Candida activity --- antifungals --- antibacterials --- efflux inhibitors --- efflux pumps --- erm(41) --- mutations --- mycobacteria --- verapamil --- actinomycetes --- bioactivity --- polyketides --- polyketide synthases --- biosynthesis --- antimicrobial resistance --- economic evaluation --- cost-utility analysis --- cost-effectiveness analysis --- policy analysis --- One Health --- Singapore --- antibiotic prescribing --- implementation --- behavior change --- stakeholder consultation

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