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The modern electric power system has evolved into a huge nonlinear complex system due to the interconnection of thousands of generation and transmission systems. The unparalleled growth of renewable energy resources (RESs) has caused significant concern regarding grid stability and power quality, and it is essential to find ways to control such a massive system for effective operation. The controllability of HVDC and FACTS devices allows for improvement of the dynamic behavior of grids and their flexibility. Research is being carried out at both the system and component levels of modelling, control, and stability. This Special Issue aims to present novel HVDC topologies and operation strategies to prevent abnormal grid conditions.

DC distribution system --- back-to-back HVDC --- virtual impedance --- n/a --- synchronous condenser (SC) --- VSC–HVDC --- embedded HVDC --- Powell’s direct set method --- special protection system --- loss minimization --- grid-interconnection --- multi-infeed HVDC system --- reclosing process --- modular multilevel converter (MMC) --- grid service of HVDC --- angle stability --- impedance-based Nyquist stability criterion --- HVDC operation point --- commutation failure probability --- power control --- AC/DC converter --- VSC HVDC --- frequency droop control --- protection --- high voltage direct current (HVDC) --- quantitative evaluation --- short-circuit current calculation --- active power control strategies --- grounding system --- LCC HVDC --- insulation monitoring device (IMD) --- 3-phase AC/DC PWM converter --- transient stability --- angle spread --- reclosing current limiting resistance (RCLR) --- BTB-HVDC --- full bridge (FB) --- GVIF index --- system loss minimization --- SOGI-FLL --- half bridge (HB) --- fault current limiter (FCL) --- VSC-HVDC --- line commutated converter --- DC distribution --- hybrid HVDC breaker (HCB) --- phase detection --- DC-side oscillation --- Powell's direct set method

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This book is a printed version of the papers published in the Special Issue “DC & Hybrid Microgrids” of Applied Sciences. This Special Issue, co-organized by the University of Pisa, Italy and Østfold University College in Norway, has collected nine papers and the editorial, from 28 submitted, with authors from Asia, North America and Europe. The published articles provide an overview of the most recent research advances in direct current (DC) and hybrid microgrids, exploiting the opportunities offered by the use of renewable energy sources, battery energy storage systems, power converters, innovative control and energy management strategies.

energy management strategy (EMS) --- distributed generator (DG) --- state of charge (SoC) --- circuit breaker (CB) --- standard test condition (STC) --- photovoltaic (PV) --- solar --- microgrid --- droop control --- patrol base --- islanded DC microgrid --- battery-only operation --- constant power load --- CPL --- floating DC bus --- stability criterion --- power management --- AC/DC distribution network --- distributed generator --- planning --- timing characteristics --- genetic-ant colony hybrid algorithm --- forest microgrid --- biomass energy --- operation mode-based sectional coordinated control --- hybrid energy storage --- predictive control --- inertia improvement --- unbalanced electric bridge --- DC insulation monitoring --- ground capacitance --- three-point climbing algorithm --- islanding detection --- DC grid --- active islanding detection method --- injected signal cancellation --- multi-distributed generations --- perturbation signal --- photovoltaic system --- direct current (DC) microgrid --- stability --- constant power loads --- large transmission line inductive --- simplified circuit model --- virtual negative inductance --- micro-grid --- hybrid micro-grid --- smart grid --- battery energy storage --- renewable energy sources (RES) --- hybrid vehicles (HEV) --- full-electric vehicles (EV) --- Bidirectional converters --- direct current (DC) grid --- hybrid microgrid --- bidirectional converters

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High penetration of fluctuating renewable power units, such as wind turbines and photo voltaic systems, and new heavy loads, such as electrical vehicles and heat pumps, which so far might not be controlled according to the actual distribution grid condition, but rather according to actual consumption of the devices, influences the distribution grid in several ways, and it may lead to voltage disturbances, frequency deviations and harmonic content beyond limits. Over voltages might be generated at power production which is too high, whereas under voltage might occur at heavy load situations; both phenomena might be seen at the same distribution radial, where harmonic injections can also come from the devices, if equipped with power converters. This has led to the main target object for this book being power quality in distribution grids. This book offers 10 papers regarding power quality issues at distribution grids. It looks into hosting capacity issues, stability analysis, reliability assessment, mitigation of voltage rise using reactor installation, power quality assessments, harmonic analysis and damping, frequency control in weak and isolated power systems, and the focus is therefore broad within the overall topic of power quality.

History of engineering & technology --- meshed DC distributed power systems --- stability criterion --- virtual harmonic resistance --- stability enhancement --- waveform distortion --- high-frequency spectral components --- wavelet transform --- modified estimation of signal parameters by rotational invariancetechnique (ESPRIT) --- power quality --- transient power quality --- S-transform --- width factor --- feature extraction --- probabilistic neural network (PNN) --- renewable energy --- reactor --- voltage rise --- distribution line --- distribution resource --- grid connection --- generator --- power factor --- coordination of protection relay --- active damping --- DC distributed systems --- dynamic performance --- impedance decoupling --- impedance overlap --- minor loop gain --- non-causal system --- stability margins --- modular multilevel converter --- double-carrier phase-disposition pulse width modulation --- double Fourier integral analysis --- harmonic characteristic --- carrier displacement angle --- harmonic responsibilities assessment --- utility harmonic impedance changes --- wavelet packet transform --- piecewise approach --- bound constrained optimization --- hosting capacity --- solar power integration --- electric vehicle integration --- electricity distribution --- distribution-system planning --- wind-diesel power systems --- power system modeling --- variable-speed wind turbine --- frequency control --- stability analysis --- wind power curtailment --- inertial control --- photovoltaic power stations --- power systems reliability --- non-aggregate Markov model --- pseudo-sequential Monte Carlo simulation --- intelligent state space reduction --- meshed DC distributed power systems --- stability criterion --- virtual harmonic resistance --- stability enhancement --- waveform distortion --- high-frequency spectral components --- wavelet transform --- modified estimation of signal parameters by rotational invariancetechnique (ESPRIT) --- power quality --- transient power quality --- S-transform --- width factor --- feature extraction --- probabilistic neural network (PNN) --- renewable energy --- reactor --- voltage rise --- distribution line --- distribution resource --- grid connection --- generator --- power factor --- coordination of protection relay --- active damping --- DC distributed systems --- dynamic performance --- impedance decoupling --- impedance overlap --- minor loop gain --- non-causal system --- stability margins --- modular multilevel converter --- double-carrier phase-disposition pulse width modulation --- double Fourier integral analysis --- harmonic characteristic --- carrier displacement angle --- harmonic responsibilities assessment --- utility harmonic impedance changes --- wavelet packet transform --- piecewise approach --- bound constrained optimization --- hosting capacity --- solar power integration --- electric vehicle integration --- electricity distribution --- distribution-system planning --- wind-diesel power systems --- power system modeling --- variable-speed wind turbine --- frequency control --- stability analysis --- wind power curtailment --- inertial control --- photovoltaic power stations --- power systems reliability --- non-aggregate Markov model --- pseudo-sequential Monte Carlo simulation --- intelligent state space reduction

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

High penetration of fluctuating renewable power units, such as wind turbines and photo voltaic systems, and new heavy loads, such as electrical vehicles and heat pumps, which so far might not be controlled according to the actual distribution grid condition, but rather according to actual consumption of the devices, influences the distribution grid in several ways, and it may lead to voltage disturbances, frequency deviations and harmonic content beyond limits. Over voltages might be generated at power production which is too high, whereas under voltage might occur at heavy load situations; both phenomena might be seen at the same distribution radial, where harmonic injections can also come from the devices, if equipped with power converters. This has led to the main target object for this book being power quality in distribution grids. This book offers 10 papers regarding power quality issues at distribution grids. It looks into hosting capacity issues, stability analysis, reliability assessment, mitigation of voltage rise using reactor installation, power quality assessments, harmonic analysis and damping, frequency control in weak and isolated power systems, and the focus is therefore broad within the overall topic of power quality.

meshed DC distributed power systems --- stability criterion --- virtual harmonic resistance --- stability enhancement --- waveform distortion --- high-frequency spectral components --- wavelet transform --- modified estimation of signal parameters by rotational invariancetechnique (ESPRIT) --- power quality --- transient power quality --- S-transform --- width factor --- feature extraction --- probabilistic neural network (PNN) --- renewable energy --- reactor --- voltage rise --- distribution line --- distribution resource --- grid connection --- generator --- power factor --- coordination of protection relay --- active damping --- DC distributed systems --- dynamic performance --- impedance decoupling --- impedance overlap --- minor loop gain --- non-causal system --- stability margins --- modular multilevel converter --- double-carrier phase-disposition pulse width modulation --- double Fourier integral analysis --- harmonic characteristic --- carrier displacement angle --- harmonic responsibilities assessment --- utility harmonic impedance changes --- wavelet packet transform --- piecewise approach --- bound constrained optimization --- hosting capacity --- solar power integration --- electric vehicle integration --- electricity distribution --- distribution-system planning --- wind-diesel power systems --- power system modeling --- variable-speed wind turbine --- frequency control --- stability analysis --- wind power curtailment --- inertial control --- photovoltaic power stations --- power systems reliability --- non-aggregate Markov model --- pseudo-sequential Monte Carlo simulation --- intelligent state space reduction