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Alors que les pelouses et prairies d'intérêt biologique comptent parmi les habitats protégés les plus menacés d'Europe tempérée, l'activité extractive offre des possibilités inattendues pour promouvoir ces écosystèmes. Au sein des carrières, des actions de restauration écologique tentent de reconstituer ces écosystèmes en danger. Notre étude s'est intéressée à la restauration passive de ces habitats par le biais de la recolonisation spontanée dans les carrières calcaires du sud de la Belgique. Cette étude vise également à soutenir le projet "Life in Quarries". Dix-sept remblais de terres de découvertures limoneuses spontanément recolonisés ont fait l'objet d'inventaires phytosociologiques et d'analyses de variables environnementales pour identifier (1) les facteurs expliquant la composition floristique des successions spontanées; (2) la diversité des communautés qui les composent et leurs principales caractéristique; et (3) le lien entre ces communautés spontanées et les écosystèmes de référence (prairies de fauche et pelouses calcaires). Une Analyse Canonique des Correspondances (CCA) menée sur les variables environnementales a permis d'identifier les facteurs contribuant le plus à la variation floristique et une analyse multivariée (nMDS à 2 dimensions) sur les abondances a permis d'identifier six communautés et de les relier aux écosystèmes de référence. Parmi les variables environnementales étudiées, l'effet site suivi de l'âge des successions, de la texture et de la pente du sol expliquent au mieux les variations de composition floristique. Une communauté s'apparente aux prairies de fauche et d'autres sont proches des prairies de fauche et des pelouses mésophiles. La recolonisation spontanée des remblais de terres limoneuses de découvertures en carrières calcaires révèle ainsi un réel potentiel pour la conservation d'habitats d'intérêt biologique. While conservation valuable grasslands and meadows are among the most endangered protected habitats in temperate Europe, extractive activity offers unexpected opportunities to promote these ecosystems. Within quarries, ecological restoration actions attempt to restore these endangered ecosystems. Our study focused on the passive restoration of these habitats through spontaneous recolonization in limestone quarries in southern Belgium. It also aims to support the "Life in Quarries" project. Seventeen spontaneously recolonized silty spoil heaps were subjected to phytosociological inventories and analysis of environmental variables. We investigated, through phytosociological relevés and environmental variables analysis, (1) the environmental factors driving floristic composition of spontaneous successions; (2) the diversity of the communities and their main characteristics; and (3) the similarity between these spontaneous communities and reference ecosystems such as hay meadows and calcareous grasslands. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of environmental variables identified the most contributive factors to the floristic variation. A multivariate analysis (two dimensional nMDS ordination) of vegetation abundances helped identify six communities and linking them to the reference ecosystems. Within studied environmental factors, site effect followed by the age of the successions, soil texture and slope best explained variations in floristic composition. One community contained hay meadows while other communities shared common features with hay meadows and mesophilous grasslands. The spontaneous recolonizations of silty spoil heaps in limestone quarries thus reveal a true potential for the conservation of habitats of concern.

recolonisation spontanée --- restauration passive --- prairie de fauche --- terre de découverture --- pelouse calcaire --- Life in Quarries --- spontaneous recolonization --- passive restoration --- spoil heaps --- hay meadow --- calcareous grassland --- Life in Quarries --- Sciences du vivant > Sciences de l'environnement & écologie

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Water supply. Water treatment. Water pollution --- Physical geography --- Belgium --- Netherlands --- Mineral industries --- -Spoil banks --- -Water --- -Sediment transport --- -Fluvial sediment transport --- Stream sediment transport --- Transport, Sediment --- Erosion --- Hydrology --- Gob piles --- Mine dumps --- Overburden piles --- Mined rock --- Pit heaps --- Spoil heaps --- Spoil tips --- Embankments --- Excavation --- Strip mining --- Dredging spoil --- Extractive industries --- Extractive industry --- Metal industries --- Mines and mining --- Mining --- Mining industry --- Mining industry and finance --- Industries --- Waste disposal --- -Environmental aspects --- Leaching --- -Pollution --- -Mineral industries --- Sediment transport --- Spoil banks --- Waste disposal in rivers, lakes, etc. --- Water --- Environmental aspects --- Pollution --- -Waste disposal --- -Water supply. Water treatment. Water pollution --- Waste disposal in rivers, lakes, etc --- Fluvial sediment transport --- Disposal of wastes in rivers, lakes, etc. --- Lake disposal of wastes --- River disposal of wastes --- Waste discharge in rivers, lakes, etc. --- Refuse and refuse disposal --- Geul River Watershed (Belgium and Netherlands) --- Mineral industries - Waste disposal - Environmental aspects. --- Spoil banks - Leaching - Environmental aspects - Geul River Watershed (Belgium and Netherlands) --- Water - Pollution - Geul River Watershed (Belgium and Netherlands) --- Sediment transport - Environmental aspects - Geul River Watershed (Belgium and Netherlands)