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Electron paramagnetic resonance. --- Biology --- Spin labels. --- Nuclear spin. --- Metals --- Technique. --- Physiological effect. --- Spin, Nuclear --- Labels, Spin --- Spin labeling --- Electron resonance --- Electron spin resonance --- EPR (Magnetic resonance) --- ESR (Magnetic resonance) --- Paramagnetic resonance, Electron --- Metals as antiseptics --- Angular momentum (Nuclear physics) --- Nuclear physics --- Biophysical labeling --- Electron paramagnetic resonance --- Molecular rotation --- Magnetic resonance --- Paramagnetism

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Spin labels --- Labels, Spin --- Spin labeling --- Biophysical labeling --- Electron paramagnetic resonance --- Molecular rotation --- -Spin labels --- Medicine --- -Molecular biology --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Research --- Technique --- Molecular biology --- Biologie moléculaire --- Médecine --- Recherche --- Health Workforce

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Malnutrition is becoming a more prominent health problem, with an increasing number of elderly CKD patients being put on dialysis. In addition, the presence of inflammation, sarcopenia/frailty, diabetes, and CVD is a definite and independent risk factor associated with higher mortality in this population. Although the restriction of protein intake has been recommended to protect eGFR decline, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperkalemia in CKD patients, it might accelerate the loss of skeletal muscle and adipose mass, leading to a poor prognosis. Therefore, flexible responses are considered regarding whether protein restriction should be continued or loosened in pre-dialysis CKD patients. In undernourished elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis, sufficient calorie/protein intake is necessary to counteract the development of sarcopenia/frailty. It is expected that the application of new drugs including phosphate binders and potassium chelators may achieve both a high enough intake and balanced levels of phosphate and potassium. Furthermore, the improvement of deficient micronutrients and poor appetite is also necessary. Comprehensive care is essential for the wellbeing of elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis. The topicof this Special Issue is “Extension of Healthy Life Span of Dialysis Patients in the Era of a 100-Year Life”.

hypertension --- body weight --- mortality --- sodium --- dialysis --- malnutrition --- protein energy wasting (PEW) --- sarcopenia --- carnitine --- carnitine deficiency --- end-stage kidney disease --- peritoneal dialysis --- hemodialysis --- frailty --- protein energy wasting --- hypercatabolism --- renal rehabilitation --- exercise --- sarcopenia and frailty --- nutritional support --- protein synthesis --- muscle physiology --- physical activity --- exercise tolerance --- quality of life --- skeletal muscle --- aging --- chronic kidney disease --- diabetes --- CKD-MBD --- FGF23 --- aKlotho --- phosphate-binder --- zinc --- cardiovascular disease --- potassium --- potassium excretion --- blood pressure --- salt --- CKD --- fat mass --- visceral fat --- subcutaneous fat --- nutrition --- body mass index --- obesity paradox --- magnetic resonance imaging --- diffusion tensor imaging --- arterial spin labeling --- blood oxygenation level-dependent --- nutritional status --- dialysis patients --- clinical malnutrition --- older individuals --- n/a

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Malnutrition is becoming a more prominent health problem, with an increasing number of elderly CKD patients being put on dialysis. In addition, the presence of inflammation, sarcopenia/frailty, diabetes, and CVD is a definite and independent risk factor associated with higher mortality in this population. Although the restriction of protein intake has been recommended to protect eGFR decline, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperkalemia in CKD patients, it might accelerate the loss of skeletal muscle and adipose mass, leading to a poor prognosis. Therefore, flexible responses are considered regarding whether protein restriction should be continued or loosened in pre-dialysis CKD patients. In undernourished elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis, sufficient calorie/protein intake is necessary to counteract the development of sarcopenia/frailty. It is expected that the application of new drugs including phosphate binders and potassium chelators may achieve both a high enough intake and balanced levels of phosphate and potassium. Furthermore, the improvement of deficient micronutrients and poor appetite is also necessary. Comprehensive care is essential for the wellbeing of elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis. The topicof this Special Issue is “Extension of Healthy Life Span of Dialysis Patients in the Era of a 100-Year Life”.

Medicine --- hypertension --- body weight --- mortality --- sodium --- dialysis --- malnutrition --- protein energy wasting (PEW) --- sarcopenia --- carnitine --- carnitine deficiency --- end-stage kidney disease --- peritoneal dialysis --- hemodialysis --- frailty --- protein energy wasting --- hypercatabolism --- renal rehabilitation --- exercise --- sarcopenia and frailty --- nutritional support --- protein synthesis --- muscle physiology --- physical activity --- exercise tolerance --- quality of life --- skeletal muscle --- aging --- chronic kidney disease --- diabetes --- CKD-MBD --- FGF23 --- aKlotho --- phosphate-binder --- zinc --- cardiovascular disease --- potassium --- potassium excretion --- blood pressure --- salt --- CKD --- fat mass --- visceral fat --- subcutaneous fat --- nutrition --- body mass index --- obesity paradox --- magnetic resonance imaging --- diffusion tensor imaging --- arterial spin labeling --- blood oxygenation level-dependent --- nutritional status --- dialysis patients --- clinical malnutrition --- older individuals --- hypertension --- body weight --- mortality --- sodium --- dialysis --- malnutrition --- protein energy wasting (PEW) --- sarcopenia --- carnitine --- carnitine deficiency --- end-stage kidney disease --- peritoneal dialysis --- hemodialysis --- frailty --- protein energy wasting --- hypercatabolism --- renal rehabilitation --- exercise --- sarcopenia and frailty --- nutritional support --- protein synthesis --- muscle physiology --- physical activity --- exercise tolerance --- quality of life --- skeletal muscle --- aging --- chronic kidney disease --- diabetes --- CKD-MBD --- FGF23 --- aKlotho --- phosphate-binder --- zinc --- cardiovascular disease --- potassium --- potassium excretion --- blood pressure --- salt --- CKD --- fat mass --- visceral fat --- subcutaneous fat --- nutrition --- body mass index --- obesity paradox --- magnetic resonance imaging --- diffusion tensor imaging --- arterial spin labeling --- blood oxygenation level-dependent --- nutritional status --- dialysis patients --- clinical malnutrition --- older individuals

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Peter P. Borbat, Jack H. Freed Pulse Dipolar Electron Spin Resonance: Distance Measurements Gunnar Jeschke Interpretation of Dipolar EPR Data in Terms of Protein Structure Sandip A. Shelke and Snorri Th. Sigurdsson Site-Directed Nitroxide Spin Labeling of Biopolymers Daniella Goldfarb Metal-Based Spin Labeling for Distance Determination Johann P. Klare, Heinz-Jürgen Steinhoff Structural Information from Spin-Labelled Membrane-Bound Proteins Richard Ward and Olav Schiemann Structural Information from Oligonucleotides Claudia E. Tait, Alice M. Bowen, Christiane R. Timmel, Jeffrey Harmer rientation selective DEER using rigid spin labels, cofactors, metals, and clusters.

Chemistry. --- Chemistry, inorganic. --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Biochemistry. --- Inorganic Chemistry. --- Protein Structure. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Ultrastructure (Biology) --- Spin labels --- Paramagnetism --- Biochemical Phenomena --- Free Radicals --- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy --- Organic Chemicals --- Spectrum Analysis --- Chemical Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Chemistry Techniques, Analytical --- Investigative Techniques --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Molecular Structure --- Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy --- Spin Labels --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Inorganic Chemistry --- Labels, Spin --- Electron Spin Resonance --- ENDOR --- Electron Nuclear Double Resonance --- Electron Paramagnetic Resonance --- Paramagnetic Resonance --- Paramagnetic Resonance, Electron --- Resonance, Electron Paramagnetic --- Resonance, Electron Spin --- Resonance, Paramagnetic --- Structure, Molecular --- Molecular Structures --- Structures, Molecular --- Investigative Technics --- Investigative Technic --- Investigative Technique --- Technic, Investigative --- Technics, Investigative --- Technique, Investigative --- Techniques, Investigative --- Analytical Chemistry Methods --- Analytical Chemistry Techniques --- Analytical Chemistry Method --- Analytical Chemistry Technique --- Chemistry Method, Analytical --- Chemistry Methods, Analytical --- Chemistry Technique, Analytical --- Method, Analytical Chemistry --- Methods, Analytical Chemistry --- Technique, Analytical Chemistry --- Techniques, Analytical Chemistry --- Chemical Phenomenon --- Chemical Process --- Physical Chemistry Phenomena --- Physical Chemistry Process --- Physicochemical Phenomenon --- Physicochemical Process --- Chemical Concepts --- Chemical Processes --- Physical Chemistry Concepts --- Physical Chemistry Processes --- Physicochemical Concepts --- Physicochemical Phenomena --- Physicochemical Processes --- Chemical Concept --- Chemistry Process, Physical --- Chemistry Processes, Physical --- Concept, Chemical --- Concept, Physical Chemistry --- Concept, Physicochemical --- Concepts, Chemical --- Concepts, Physical Chemistry --- Concepts, Physicochemical --- Phenomena, Chemical --- Phenomena, Physical Chemistry --- Phenomena, Physicochemical --- Phenomenon, Chemical --- Phenomenon, Physicochemical --- Physical Chemistry Concept --- Physicochemical Concept --- Process, Chemical --- Process, Physical Chemistry --- Process, Physicochemical --- Processes, Chemical --- Processes, Physical Chemistry --- Processes, Physicochemical --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectrometry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemicals, Organic --- In Vivo NMR Spectroscopy --- MR Spectroscopy --- Magnetic Resonance --- NMR Spectroscopy --- NMR Spectroscopy, In Vivo --- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance --- Spectroscopy, Magnetic Resonance --- Spectroscopy, NMR --- Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance --- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopies --- Magnetic Resonance, Nuclear --- NMR Spectroscopies --- Resonance Spectroscopy, Magnetic --- Resonance, Magnetic --- Resonance, Nuclear Magnetic --- Spectroscopies, NMR --- Spectroscopy, MR --- Radicals, Free --- Biochemical Concepts --- Biochemical Phenomenon --- Biochemical Process --- Phenomena, Biochemical --- Biochemical Processes --- Biochemical Concept --- Concept, Biochemical --- Concepts, Biochemical --- Phenomenon, Biochemical --- Process, Biochemical --- Processes, Biochemical --- Spin labeling --- Fine structure (Biology) --- Nanobiology --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Inorganic chemistry --- Composition --- Inorganic chemistry. --- Physical chemistry. --- Proteins. --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Biology --- Medical sciences --- Inorganic compounds --- Spin labels. --- Cells --- Microstructure --- Nanoscience --- Biophysical labeling --- Electron paramagnetic resonance --- Molecular rotation --- Proteins . --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Proteids --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics