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The reprint book of the “Remote Sensing of Snow and Its Applications” Special Issue provides recent studies on all aspects of remote sensing of snow, from retrieving the data to the application. These studies mainly address the following: (a) New opportunities (Copernicus Sentinels) and emerging remote sensing methods, (b) use of snow data in modeling, and (c) characterization of snowpack.
near-infrared reflectance --- specific surface area --- spectrometer --- snow microstructure --- aerodynamic roughness length --- terrestrial lidar --- snow surface topography --- wind profile --- snow energy balance --- snow accumulation --- snow cover --- snow depletion curve --- MODIS --- data assimilation --- land surface model --- COST Action ES1404 --- HarmoSnow --- snow measurements --- snow models --- remote sensing --- snow --- SWE --- LWC --- run-off modelling --- hydropower application --- GNSS --- EO --- snow cover duration --- persistent and intermittent snow --- optical remote sensing --- northern Mongolia --- SAR --- transient snowline --- annual AAR --- mass balance --- Rofental glaciers --- fractional snow cover --- terrestrial photography --- cold regions --- Sentinel-2 --- H-SAF --- webcam photography --- snow parameters --- spatial and temporal variability of snow --- snow hydrology --- integration of remote sensing with models (hydrological --- land surface --- meteorological and climate)
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The reprint book of the “Remote Sensing of Snow and Its Applications” Special Issue provides recent studies on all aspects of remote sensing of snow, from retrieving the data to the application. These studies mainly address the following: (a) New opportunities (Copernicus Sentinels) and emerging remote sensing methods, (b) use of snow data in modeling, and (c) characterization of snowpack.
Research & information: general --- near-infrared reflectance --- specific surface area --- spectrometer --- snow microstructure --- aerodynamic roughness length --- terrestrial lidar --- snow surface topography --- wind profile --- snow energy balance --- snow accumulation --- snow cover --- snow depletion curve --- MODIS --- data assimilation --- land surface model --- COST Action ES1404 --- HarmoSnow --- snow measurements --- snow models --- remote sensing --- snow --- SWE --- LWC --- run-off modelling --- hydropower application --- GNSS --- EO --- snow cover duration --- persistent and intermittent snow --- optical remote sensing --- northern Mongolia --- SAR --- transient snowline --- annual AAR --- mass balance --- Rofental glaciers --- fractional snow cover --- terrestrial photography --- cold regions --- Sentinel-2 --- H-SAF --- webcam photography --- snow parameters --- spatial and temporal variability of snow --- snow hydrology --- integration of remote sensing with models (hydrological --- land surface --- meteorological and climate) --- near-infrared reflectance --- specific surface area --- spectrometer --- snow microstructure --- aerodynamic roughness length --- terrestrial lidar --- snow surface topography --- wind profile --- snow energy balance --- snow accumulation --- snow cover --- snow depletion curve --- MODIS --- data assimilation --- land surface model --- COST Action ES1404 --- HarmoSnow --- snow measurements --- snow models --- remote sensing --- snow --- SWE --- LWC --- run-off modelling --- hydropower application --- GNSS --- EO --- snow cover duration --- persistent and intermittent snow --- optical remote sensing --- northern Mongolia --- SAR --- transient snowline --- annual AAR --- mass balance --- Rofental glaciers --- fractional snow cover --- terrestrial photography --- cold regions --- Sentinel-2 --- H-SAF --- webcam photography --- snow parameters --- spatial and temporal variability of snow --- snow hydrology --- integration of remote sensing with models (hydrological --- land surface --- meteorological and climate)
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This Special Issue of Crystals contains papers focusing on various properties of conducting ceramics. Multiple aspects of both the research and application of this group of materials have been addressed. Conducting ceramics are the wide group of mostly oxide materials which play crucial roles in various technical applications, especially in the context of the harvesting and storage of energy. Without ion-conducting oxides, such as yttria-stabilized zirconia, doped ceria devices such as solid oxide fuel cells would not exist, not to mention the wide group of other ion conductors which can be applied in batteries or even electrolyzers, besides fuel cells. The works published in this Special Issue tackle experimental results as well as general theoretical trends in the field of ceramic conductors, or electroceramics, as it is often referred to.
n/a --- ionic conductivity --- cation mixing --- aliovalent substitution --- substituted barium indate --- thermal expansion --- impregnation --- Cr substitution --- chemical expansion --- ball milling --- lanthanum orthoniobate --- perovskite oxides --- thermogravimetric analysis --- Hebb-Wagner measurements --- samarium-doped ceria (SDC) --- impedance spectroscopy --- hydration --- nanocrystalline ceramics --- binary fluorides --- Ni-Cr-ferrite --- solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) --- Mössbauer --- ceria --- current collector --- multifoil shape --- specific surface area of powders --- sol-gel --- molten salt synthesis --- Wulff shape --- relaxation experiments --- Ostwald ripening --- Solid Oxide Fuel Cells --- electronic conductivity --- proton ceramic fuel cells --- terbium orthoniobate --- water uptake --- high temperature proton conductors --- redox cycle --- metal foam --- protonic conductors --- protonic conductivity --- proton conductivity --- structure --- thin films --- e-beam physical vapor deposition --- TEC --- magnetic properties --- CTE --- coupled/decoupled ionic transport --- platelet morphology --- bismuth vanadate --- La-doped SrTiO3 --- Mössbauer
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The reprint book of the “Remote Sensing of Snow and Its Applications” Special Issue provides recent studies on all aspects of remote sensing of snow, from retrieving the data to the application. These studies mainly address the following: (a) New opportunities (Copernicus Sentinels) and emerging remote sensing methods, (b) use of snow data in modeling, and (c) characterization of snowpack.
Research & information: general --- near-infrared reflectance --- specific surface area --- spectrometer --- snow microstructure --- aerodynamic roughness length --- terrestrial lidar --- snow surface topography --- wind profile --- snow energy balance --- snow accumulation --- snow cover --- snow depletion curve --- MODIS --- data assimilation --- land surface model --- COST Action ES1404 --- HarmoSnow --- snow measurements --- snow models --- remote sensing --- snow --- SWE --- LWC --- run-off modelling --- hydropower application --- GNSS --- EO --- snow cover duration --- persistent and intermittent snow --- optical remote sensing --- northern Mongolia --- SAR --- transient snowline --- annual AAR --- mass balance --- Rofental glaciers --- fractional snow cover --- terrestrial photography --- cold regions --- Sentinel-2 --- H-SAF --- webcam photography --- snow parameters --- spatial and temporal variability of snow --- snow hydrology --- integration of remote sensing with models (hydrological --- land surface --- meteorological and climate)
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The focus of this Special Issue was on biomass ash valorization with respect to their potential for various material applications. Most of the publications in this Special Issue focused on the production of biogenic silica with different properties. Additionally, some of the publications considered application of biomass ashes and biochar as a fertilizer, for soil amendment and recovery of ash forming elements such as N and P, as well as the application of biomass feedstocks in biofuel production.Accordingly, ashes produced from the thermochemical conversion of agricultural residues have high potential to be utilized for different material applications. However, local availability, as well as scaling up the process and life-cycle assessment should be considered prior to the utilization of these materials. Furthermore, densification as a mechanical pre-treatment can be crucial to improve the fuel properties, while purification of some of the ash forming elements, such as calcium, potassium, and prosperous should also not be disregarded in future investigations.
rice husk --- rice husk ash --- silica --- engineered particle --- bottom-up process --- silica extraction --- valorization --- agricultural byproduct --- sustainable material --- biomass --- renewable material --- biogenic amorphous silica --- green chemistry --- maize leaves --- sugarcane fiber --- sugarcane leaves --- sugarcane pith --- biorefinery --- multi-objectives RSM --- nano-silica --- de-ashing --- cellulose crystals --- carbon nanotubes --- cellulose --- sugarcane bagasse --- capacitance --- maize straw --- acid leaching --- ash --- pyrolysis --- nitrogen conversion --- wood ash --- fertilizer --- heat and power plants --- heavy metals --- nutrients --- German fertilizer legislation --- alkaline leaching --- continuous process --- bio-based material --- waste --- exhausted grape marc --- biochar --- soil amendment --- biogas --- lifecycle assessment --- greenhouse gas emissions --- mitigation potential --- GHG mitigation costs --- manure --- biomethane --- RED II --- EU ETS --- smoldering --- high moisture content --- specific surface area --- rice straw --- nanosilica --- methylene blue --- zero waste generation --- decolorization --- SDGs --- municipal sewage sludge --- energy recovery --- phosphorus recovery --- techno-economic analysis --- mono-combustion --- co-combustion --- n/a
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The focus of this Special Issue was on biomass ash valorization with respect to their potential for various material applications. Most of the publications in this Special Issue focused on the production of biogenic silica with different properties. Additionally, some of the publications considered application of biomass ashes and biochar as a fertilizer, for soil amendment and recovery of ash forming elements such as N and P, as well as the application of biomass feedstocks in biofuel production.Accordingly, ashes produced from the thermochemical conversion of agricultural residues have high potential to be utilized for different material applications. However, local availability, as well as scaling up the process and life-cycle assessment should be considered prior to the utilization of these materials. Furthermore, densification as a mechanical pre-treatment can be crucial to improve the fuel properties, while purification of some of the ash forming elements, such as calcium, potassium, and prosperous should also not be disregarded in future investigations.
Technology: general issues --- rice husk --- rice husk ash --- silica --- engineered particle --- bottom-up process --- silica extraction --- valorization --- agricultural byproduct --- sustainable material --- biomass --- renewable material --- biogenic amorphous silica --- green chemistry --- maize leaves --- sugarcane fiber --- sugarcane leaves --- sugarcane pith --- biorefinery --- multi-objectives RSM --- nano-silica --- de-ashing --- cellulose crystals --- carbon nanotubes --- cellulose --- sugarcane bagasse --- capacitance --- maize straw --- acid leaching --- ash --- pyrolysis --- nitrogen conversion --- wood ash --- fertilizer --- heat and power plants --- heavy metals --- nutrients --- German fertilizer legislation --- alkaline leaching --- continuous process --- bio-based material --- waste --- exhausted grape marc --- biochar --- soil amendment --- biogas --- lifecycle assessment --- greenhouse gas emissions --- mitigation potential --- GHG mitigation costs --- manure --- biomethane --- RED II --- EU ETS --- smoldering --- high moisture content --- specific surface area --- rice straw --- nanosilica --- methylene blue --- zero waste generation --- decolorization --- SDGs --- municipal sewage sludge --- energy recovery --- phosphorus recovery --- techno-economic analysis --- mono-combustion --- co-combustion --- rice husk --- rice husk ash --- silica --- engineered particle --- bottom-up process --- silica extraction --- valorization --- agricultural byproduct --- sustainable material --- biomass --- renewable material --- biogenic amorphous silica --- green chemistry --- maize leaves --- sugarcane fiber --- sugarcane leaves --- sugarcane pith --- biorefinery --- multi-objectives RSM --- nano-silica --- de-ashing --- cellulose crystals --- carbon nanotubes --- cellulose --- sugarcane bagasse --- capacitance --- maize straw --- acid leaching --- ash --- pyrolysis --- nitrogen conversion --- wood ash --- fertilizer --- heat and power plants --- heavy metals --- nutrients --- German fertilizer legislation --- alkaline leaching --- continuous process --- bio-based material --- waste --- exhausted grape marc --- biochar --- soil amendment --- biogas --- lifecycle assessment --- greenhouse gas emissions --- mitigation potential --- GHG mitigation costs --- manure --- biomethane --- RED II --- EU ETS --- smoldering --- high moisture content --- specific surface area --- rice straw --- nanosilica --- methylene blue --- zero waste generation --- decolorization --- SDGs --- municipal sewage sludge --- energy recovery --- phosphorus recovery --- techno-economic analysis --- mono-combustion --- co-combustion
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This book, “Clay Mineral Transformations after Bentonite/Clayrocks and Heater/Water Interactions from Lab and Large-Scale Tests”, covers a broad range of relevant and interesting topics related to deep geological disposal of nuclear fuels and radioactive waste. Most countries that generate nuclear power have developed radioactive waste management programmes during the last 50 years to emplace long-lived and/or high-level radioactive wastes in a deep underground repository in a suitably chosen host rock formation. The aim is to remove these wastes from the human environment. If a site is properly chosen, a repository system comprising both natural and engineered barriers would provide a high level of protection from the toxic effects of the waste.The 17 papers published in this Special Issue show that bentonites and clayrocks are an essential component of the multi-barrier system ensuring the long-term safety of the final disposal of nuclear waste. The efficiency of such engineered and natural clay barriers relies on their physical and chemical confinement properties, which should be preserved in the long-term.
Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- calcium bentonite --- gel --- swelling --- water uptake --- ESEM --- EDXA --- surface area --- XRD --- radioactive waste disposal --- cement-clay interaction --- bentonite --- cementitious materials --- alteration --- alkaline conditions --- radioactive waste --- cement-clay interaction --- OPC --- LAC --- alkaline leachate --- cement-clay interaction --- diffusion --- dual porosity --- electrostatic effects --- reactive transport modelling --- near field --- radioactive waste repository --- low-pH cement --- technical barrier --- Äspö --- ABM-test --- smectite alteration --- swelling pressure --- permeability --- hydraulic gradient --- engineered barriers --- geological repository --- selenium reduction --- sorption --- Opalinus Clay --- in situ --- batch tests --- smectite --- crystal structure --- water in the smectite interlayer --- mineralogical changes --- thermal treatment --- BET --- swell index --- liquid limit --- water retention curves --- iron --- in situ experiment --- interface --- layer charge --- metal substitution --- SEM-EDS --- microbial diversity --- organic supplements --- magnesium bentonite --- thermal loading --- montmorillonite content --- thermal analysis with evolved gas analysis --- cation exchange capacity --- specific surface area --- saturated hydraulic conductivity --- microbial survivability --- HLRW --- ABM test --- SEM-EDX --- repository --- high temperatures --- ordinary Portland cement --- mudstone --- sequential flow experiment --- reactive-transport modelling --- anion distribution --- CEC --- exchangeable cations --- hydration --- MiniSandwich --- sandwich sealing system --- solute transport --- waste repositories --- water content --- Milos --- interlayers --- iron-bentonite interaction --- reactive transport --- numerical model --- bentonites --- smectites --- pore water chemistry --- mineralogy --- cation exchange --- ABM experiment --- large-scale tests --- calcium bentonite --- gel --- swelling --- water uptake --- ESEM --- EDXA --- surface area --- XRD --- radioactive waste disposal --- cement-clay interaction --- bentonite --- cementitious materials --- alteration --- alkaline conditions --- radioactive waste --- cement-clay interaction --- OPC --- LAC --- alkaline leachate --- cement-clay interaction --- diffusion --- dual porosity --- electrostatic effects --- reactive transport modelling --- near field --- radioactive waste repository --- low-pH cement --- technical barrier --- Äspö --- ABM-test --- smectite alteration --- swelling pressure --- permeability --- hydraulic gradient --- engineered barriers --- geological repository --- selenium reduction --- sorption --- Opalinus Clay --- in situ --- batch tests --- smectite --- crystal structure --- water in the smectite interlayer --- mineralogical changes --- thermal treatment --- BET --- swell index --- liquid limit --- water retention curves --- iron --- in situ experiment --- interface --- layer charge --- metal substitution --- SEM-EDS --- microbial diversity --- organic supplements --- magnesium bentonite --- thermal loading --- montmorillonite content --- thermal analysis with evolved gas analysis --- cation exchange capacity --- specific surface area --- saturated hydraulic conductivity --- microbial survivability --- HLRW --- ABM test --- SEM-EDX --- repository --- high temperatures --- ordinary Portland cement --- mudstone --- sequential flow experiment --- reactive-transport modelling --- anion distribution --- CEC --- exchangeable cations --- hydration --- MiniSandwich --- sandwich sealing system --- solute transport --- waste repositories --- water content --- Milos --- interlayers --- iron-bentonite interaction --- reactive transport --- numerical model --- bentonites --- smectites --- pore water chemistry --- mineralogy --- cation exchange --- ABM experiment --- large-scale tests
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This book collects research activities focused on the development of new processes to replace obsolete practices that are often highly invasive, unsustainable, and socially unacceptable.Taking inspiration from real problems and the need to face real cases of contamination or prevent potentially harmful situations, the development and optimization of ‘smart’ solutions, i.e., sustainable not only from an environmental point of view but also economically, are discussed in order to encourage, as much as possible, their actual implementation.
Environmental science, engineering & technology --- water resources --- virtual water trade --- input-output method --- Gansu province --- ecological consumption --- influencing factors --- panel regressions --- ecological footprint --- innovative envelope --- building components --- green roofs --- indoor comfort --- energy consumption --- building modelling --- simulation models --- chitosan --- chromium --- heavy metals --- adsorption --- kinetics --- low-cost adsorbent --- tannery --- ion exchange --- nanobubbles --- contaminated soil --- electrokinetic --- in situ --- remediation --- Spinacia oleracea microbiota --- electrochemically activated solution --- peroxyacetic acid --- sanitization --- 16s rRNA pyrosequencing --- amplicon sequence variants --- alpha diversity --- bacterial community composition --- sedimentation --- drag --- fractal aggregates --- shear-thinning --- non-Newtonian fluids --- suspensions --- numerical simulations --- environmental impact --- waste management --- industrial production --- investment project --- risk evaluation --- multicriterial approach --- production planning --- carbon regulation --- reconditioning --- green logistics --- optimization --- drinking water treatment plant --- advection–diffusion–reaction --- chlorine dosage --- simulator validation --- industrial application --- biodegradation --- dehalogenase-producing bacteria --- haloalkanoic acids --- trichloroacetic acid --- 16S rRNA --- Lysinibacillus --- building energy efficiency --- European environmental brands --- tourism sector --- agritourism --- nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB) --- submerged marine debris --- economic valuation --- contingent valuation --- economic benefit --- willingness to pay --- proecological behavior --- circular economy --- environmental management --- survey --- nonparametric methods --- serpentinite --- magnesium oxide --- calcination --- particle size distribution --- specific surface area --- magnesium potassium phosphate matrix --- radioactive waste --- immobilization --- hydrolytic stability --- strength --- pH-neutral electrochemically activated solution --- total bacterial count --- Salmonella Enteritidis --- egg cuticle integrity --- soil remediation --- soil contamination --- greenhouse --- phytoextraction --- mobilizing agents --- photosynthetic efficiency --- photovoltaics --- luminescent dyes --- energy savings --- sustainability --- cork–graphite electrode --- electrochemistry --- lead --- environmental application --- environmental pollution and remediation --- hazardous waste management --- soil and water reclamation --- nanomaterials --- sustainable processes
Choose an application
This book, “Clay Mineral Transformations after Bentonite/Clayrocks and Heater/Water Interactions from Lab and Large-Scale Tests”, covers a broad range of relevant and interesting topics related to deep geological disposal of nuclear fuels and radioactive waste. Most countries that generate nuclear power have developed radioactive waste management programmes during the last 50 years to emplace long-lived and/or high-level radioactive wastes in a deep underground repository in a suitably chosen host rock formation. The aim is to remove these wastes from the human environment. If a site is properly chosen, a repository system comprising both natural and engineered barriers would provide a high level of protection from the toxic effects of the waste.The 17 papers published in this Special Issue show that bentonites and clayrocks are an essential component of the multi-barrier system ensuring the long-term safety of the final disposal of nuclear waste. The efficiency of such engineered and natural clay barriers relies on their physical and chemical confinement properties, which should be preserved in the long-term.
Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- calcium bentonite --- gel --- swelling --- water uptake --- ESEM --- EDXA --- surface area --- XRD --- radioactive waste disposal --- cement–clay interaction --- bentonite --- cementitious materials --- alteration --- alkaline conditions --- radioactive waste --- cement-clay interaction --- OPC --- LAC --- alkaline leachate --- cement—clay interaction --- diffusion --- dual porosity --- electrostatic effects --- reactive transport modelling --- near field --- radioactive waste repository --- low-pH cement --- technical barrier --- Äspö --- ABM-test --- smectite alteration --- swelling pressure --- permeability --- hydraulic gradient --- engineered barriers --- geological repository --- selenium reduction --- sorption --- Opalinus Clay --- in situ --- batch tests --- smectite --- crystal structure --- water in the smectite interlayer --- mineralogical changes --- thermal treatment --- BET --- swell index --- liquid limit --- water retention curves --- iron --- in situ experiment --- interface --- layer charge --- metal substitution --- SEM–EDS --- microbial diversity --- organic supplements --- magnesium bentonite --- thermal loading --- montmorillonite content --- thermal analysis with evolved gas analysis --- cation exchange capacity --- specific surface area --- saturated hydraulic conductivity --- microbial survivability --- HLRW --- ABM test --- SEM-EDX --- repository --- high temperatures --- ordinary Portland cement --- mudstone --- sequential flow experiment --- reactive-transport modelling --- anion distribution --- CEC --- exchangeable cations --- hydration --- MiniSandwich --- sandwich sealing system --- solute transport --- waste repositories --- water content --- Milos --- interlayers --- iron–bentonite interaction --- reactive transport --- numerical model --- bentonites --- smectites --- pore water chemistry --- mineralogy --- cation exchange --- ABM experiment --- large-scale tests --- n/a --- Äspö --- SEM-EDS --- iron-bentonite interaction
Choose an application
This book collects research activities focused on the development of new processes to replace obsolete practices that are often highly invasive, unsustainable, and socially unacceptable.Taking inspiration from real problems and the need to face real cases of contamination or prevent potentially harmful situations, the development and optimization of ‘smart’ solutions, i.e., sustainable not only from an environmental point of view but also economically, are discussed in order to encourage, as much as possible, their actual implementation.
water resources --- virtual water trade --- input-output method --- Gansu province --- ecological consumption --- influencing factors --- panel regressions --- ecological footprint --- innovative envelope --- building components --- green roofs --- indoor comfort --- energy consumption --- building modelling --- simulation models --- chitosan --- chromium --- heavy metals --- adsorption --- kinetics --- low-cost adsorbent --- tannery --- ion exchange --- nanobubbles --- contaminated soil --- electrokinetic --- in situ --- remediation --- Spinacia oleracea microbiota --- electrochemically activated solution --- peroxyacetic acid --- sanitization --- 16s rRNA pyrosequencing --- amplicon sequence variants --- alpha diversity --- bacterial community composition --- sedimentation --- drag --- fractal aggregates --- shear-thinning --- non-Newtonian fluids --- suspensions --- numerical simulations --- environmental impact --- waste management --- industrial production --- investment project --- risk evaluation --- multicriterial approach --- production planning --- carbon regulation --- reconditioning --- green logistics --- optimization --- drinking water treatment plant --- advection–diffusion–reaction --- chlorine dosage --- simulator validation --- industrial application --- biodegradation --- dehalogenase-producing bacteria --- haloalkanoic acids --- trichloroacetic acid --- 16S rRNA --- Lysinibacillus --- building energy efficiency --- European environmental brands --- tourism sector --- agritourism --- nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB) --- submerged marine debris --- economic valuation --- contingent valuation --- economic benefit --- willingness to pay --- proecological behavior --- circular economy --- environmental management --- survey --- nonparametric methods --- serpentinite --- magnesium oxide --- calcination --- particle size distribution --- specific surface area --- magnesium potassium phosphate matrix --- radioactive waste --- immobilization --- hydrolytic stability --- strength --- pH-neutral electrochemically activated solution --- total bacterial count --- Salmonella Enteritidis --- egg cuticle integrity --- soil remediation --- soil contamination --- greenhouse --- phytoextraction --- mobilizing agents --- photosynthetic efficiency --- photovoltaics --- luminescent dyes --- energy savings --- sustainability --- cork–graphite electrode --- electrochemistry --- lead --- environmental application --- environmental pollution and remediation --- hazardous waste management --- soil and water reclamation --- nanomaterials --- sustainable processes
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