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Spain's development from a premodern society into a modern unified nation-state with an integrated economy was painfully slow and varied widely by region. Economic historians have long argued that high internal transportation costs limited domestic market integration, while at the same time the Castilian capital city of Madrid drew resources from surrounding Spanish regions as it pursued its quest for centralization. According to this view, powerful Madrid thwarted trade over large geographic distances by destroying an integrated network of manufacturing towns in the Spanish interior. Challenging this long-held view, Regina Grafe argues that decentralization, not a strong and powerful Madrid, is to blame for Spain's slow march to modernity. Through a groundbreaking analysis of the market for bacalao--dried and salted codfish that was a transatlantic commodity and staple food during this period--Grafe shows how peripheral historic territories and powerful interior towns obstructed Spain's economic development through jurisdictional obstacles to trade, which exacerbated already high transport costs. She reveals how the early phases of globalization made these regions much more externally focused, and how coastal elites that were engaged in trade outside Spain sought to sustain their positions of power in relation to Madrid. Distant Tyranny offers a needed reassessment of the haphazard and regionally diverse process of state formation and market integration in early modern Spain, showing how local and regional agency paradoxically led to legitimate governance but economic backwardness.

Spain --- Espanja --- Spanien --- Hiszpania --- Spanish State --- España --- Estado Español --- Espagne --- Hispania --- Sefarad --- Sepharad --- Shpanye --- Shpanie --- Reino de España --- Kingdom of Spain --- Reino d'Espanya --- Reinu d'España --- Espainiako Erresuma --- Regne d'Espanya --- Reiaume d'Espanha --- Espanya --- Espanha --- スペイン --- Supein --- イスパニア --- Isupania --- Commerce --- History --- E-books --- Decentralization in government --- Regional disparities --- BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Economic History. --- Disparities, Regional --- Regionalism --- Centralization in government --- Devolution in government --- Government centralization --- Government decentralization --- Government devolution --- Political science --- Central-local government relations --- Federal government --- Local government --- Public administration --- Economic conditions. --- Atlantic trades. --- Ebro. --- Europe. --- European nation-states. --- European state-building. --- Guadalquivir. --- Henry Swinburne. --- Madrid. --- Protestant north. --- Spain. --- Spanish economy. --- Spanish history. --- Spanish market. --- Spanish monarchy. --- absolutism. --- aristocracy. --- bacalao. --- cod trade. --- commercialization. --- consumer culture. --- contractual rule. --- decentralization. --- domestic market integration. --- economic development. --- economists. --- eighteenth-century Spain. --- fargmented authority. --- geography. --- globalization. --- historians. --- historical sociology. --- idleness. --- institutional heritage. --- international economy. --- local autonomy. --- market integration. --- market. --- markets. --- modernity. --- mountain ranges. --- nation-states. --- one price. --- patrimonialism. --- political debates. --- political economy. --- power. --- provincial taxation. --- southern European papists. --- spatial sub-units. --- specialized production. --- state. --- states. --- towns. --- tradable goods. --- trade. --- transoceanic goods. --- transport conditions. --- transport technology.

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This book is a compilation of works covering applied mathematical methods and their applications in complex engineering problems. The methods covered in this book include modeling and simulation, computation, analysis, control, optimization, data science, and machine learning. The engineering application topics include but are not limited to environmental engineering, cybersecurity, transportation, agriculture, smart grid, and next-generation manufacturing.

Phoronomics --- mechanics --- kinetics --- kinematics --- direction cosines --- Euler angles --- space dynamics --- digital computation --- control systems --- control engineering --- industrial cyber-physical systems --- cyber-attacks --- neural network --- model predictive control --- nonlinear chemical processes --- network classification --- network evolution --- network symmetries --- Green’s symmetry problem --- network invariants --- network internal dynamics --- symmetry ensembles --- propensities --- energy --- opening capability --- security --- smart grid --- group signature --- anonymous signature --- autonomous vehicle --- target detection --- multi-sensors --- fusion --- YOLO --- linear response eigenvalue problem --- block methods --- weighted Golub-Kahan-Lanczos algorithm --- convergence analysis --- thick restart --- mining vibrating screen --- theoretical rigid body model --- spring failures diagnosis --- amplitudes change --- real-time optimization --- nonlinear processes --- process control --- chemical reactor control --- distillation column control --- energy-based control --- payload swing attenuation --- linear matrix inequalities --- quadrotor --- larger Lipschitz constants --- comparative advantage --- transaction cost --- specialized production --- infra-marginal model --- agricultural division of labor --- velocity-slip --- temperature-jump --- homotopy analysis method --- nanofluids --- power-law fluids --- state estimation --- parameter estimation --- moving horizon estimation --- extended kalman filter --- ensemble kalman filter --- richards equation --- agro-hydrological systems --- economic model predictive control --- chemical processes --- responsive control --- artificial intelligence --- interpretability --- controller verification --- seashore soft soil --- cement --- sulfuric acid erosion --- stress–strain behavior --- mathematical model --- Micro Grid --- optimization theory --- optimization --- MATLAB simulation