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International Sourcing and Firm Learning : Evidence from Serbian Firms
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Year: 2021 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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Abstract

This paper uses merged customs and administrative data from Serbian firms to quantify the impact of neighboring firms' importing experience on the decision to start sourcing inputs from new markets. The analysis finds that firms are more likely to start importing from a new market if neighboring firms in the same industry and location have experience importing from that market and if those firms are increasing their imports over time. Further, the results support a distinction between imports and exports for the decision to enter foreign markets; unlike exports, import sourcing choices are not independent across countries. The analysis finds that imports across origins are substitutes, not complements. The paper also investigates origin-country and firm heterogeneity. The results indicate that the impact of neighboring firms' importing experience is greater for source countries in the European Union market and for firms that are high productivity, foreign owned, and previous importers. Together, these findings suggest that a firm's spatial connections are an important contributor to its access to global markets as sources for inputs.


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Energy Use Efficiency
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Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Energy is one of the most important factors of production. Its efficient use is crucial for ensuring production and environmental quality. Unlike normal goods with supply management, energy is demand managed. Efficient energy use—or energy efficiency—aims to reduce the amount of energy required to provide products and services. Energy use efficiency can be achieved in situations such as housing, offices, industrial production, transport and agriculture as well as in public lighting and services. The use of energy can be reduced by using technology that is energy saving. This Special Issue is a collection of research on energy use efficiency.


Book
Economics of Education and Sustainable Development
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Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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This book consists of articles that investigate and discuss the relationship between economics of education and sustainable development; that is, how education economics plays an important role in sustainable development. Economics of education or education economics is the study of economic issues relating to education (such as education policy and finance, human capital production and acquisition, and the returns to human capital); while sustainable development is the study of a system (a human society) operating and growing continuously, which includes environment, economy, industry, business, agriculture, etc. This book particularly focuses on the economy – how an economy continuously and steadily develops and grows.


Book
Agricultural Innovation and Sustainable Development
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Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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This book deals with sustainable agriculture at a time of climate change. It seeks to identify a number of solutions to deal with the agricultural stresses caused by climate change. These range from the identification and cultivation of appropriate crop varieties and the adoption of climate adaptive agricultural practices. Significant sustainable agricultural innovation is required to deal with these challenges. Intellectual property rights (IPRs) may be of crucial importance for modern agriculture. They serve to make R&D in agriculture attractive, by encouraging investment in new technologies and generating tradeable assets. A number of the chapters of this book refer to the principal IPRs relevant to agricultural innovation, namely: (i) patents, which protect inventions; (ii) plant variety rights, which protect the breeding of new and distinct plant varieties; and (iii) trademarks and geographical indications, which facilitate the marketing of products by providing protection for the symbols of their manufacturing or geographic origin. The United Nations Climate Change Panel has urged the consideration of the agricultural practices of traditional communities and some of these practices particularly involving rice, banana, and brassica cultivation are explored in the book. This book is essential reading for officials of governments and international organizations concerned with sustainability, as well as scholars and students concerned with these subjects

Keywords

Research. --- Biology. --- Technology. --- Engineering. --- Agriculture. --- alternative energy source --- Ethiopian mustard --- sustainability --- agricultural green development --- entropy weight method --- spatial heterogeneity --- spatial spillover effect --- China --- rice yields --- climate change --- phenology --- relative contribution --- partial correlation --- seed security --- banana tissue culture planting material --- uptake --- banana farmers --- central Uganda --- traditional rice economics --- institutional --- socio-demographic factors --- multinomial logit model --- constraints --- China-Africa cooperation --- agricultural program --- agricultural training --- technology adoption --- dams --- agriculture --- livelihoods --- health --- schistosomiasis --- restoration --- sustainable development --- climate adaptation --- rice–wheat cropping system --- South Asia --- water requirements --- nitrogen --- direct seeding --- agricultural science, technology and innovation --- Innovation efficiency --- DEA --- G20 --- productivity --- efficiency --- food security --- digital agriculture --- smart farming --- digitalization --- digital technologies --- Middle East and North Africa --- decision making --- instrumental variable --- neighbourhood effects --- rice farmers --- risk attitudes --- spatial dependence --- agricultural innovation --- sustainable agriculture --- plant breeding --- cereals --- intellectual property --- agricultural law --- plant variety rights --- seed marketing --- European Union --- fertilizer --- knowledge --- attitude --- ease of use --- motivation --- work performance --- n/a --- rice-wheat cropping system


Book
Energy Use Efficiency
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Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Energy is one of the most important factors of production. Its efficient use is crucial for ensuring production and environmental quality. Unlike normal goods with supply management, energy is demand managed. Efficient energy use—or energy efficiency—aims to reduce the amount of energy required to provide products and services. Energy use efficiency can be achieved in situations such as housing, offices, industrial production, transport and agriculture as well as in public lighting and services. The use of energy can be reduced by using technology that is energy saving. This Special Issue is a collection of research on energy use efficiency.


Book
Economics of Education and Sustainable Development
Author:
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

This book consists of articles that investigate and discuss the relationship between economics of education and sustainable development; that is, how education economics plays an important role in sustainable development. Economics of education or education economics is the study of economic issues relating to education (such as education policy and finance, human capital production and acquisition, and the returns to human capital); while sustainable development is the study of a system (a human society) operating and growing continuously, which includes environment, economy, industry, business, agriculture, etc. This book particularly focuses on the economy – how an economy continuously and steadily develops and grows.


Book
Agricultural Innovation and Sustainable Development
Author:
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

This book deals with sustainable agriculture at a time of climate change. It seeks to identify a number of solutions to deal with the agricultural stresses caused by climate change. These range from the identification and cultivation of appropriate crop varieties and the adoption of climate adaptive agricultural practices. Significant sustainable agricultural innovation is required to deal with these challenges. Intellectual property rights (IPRs) may be of crucial importance for modern agriculture. They serve to make R&D in agriculture attractive, by encouraging investment in new technologies and generating tradeable assets. A number of the chapters of this book refer to the principal IPRs relevant to agricultural innovation, namely: (i) patents, which protect inventions; (ii) plant variety rights, which protect the breeding of new and distinct plant varieties; and (iii) trademarks and geographical indications, which facilitate the marketing of products by providing protection for the symbols of their manufacturing or geographic origin. The United Nations Climate Change Panel has urged the consideration of the agricultural practices of traditional communities and some of these practices particularly involving rice, banana, and brassica cultivation are explored in the book. This book is essential reading for officials of governments and international organizations concerned with sustainability, as well as scholars and students concerned with these subjects

Keywords

Research. --- Biology. --- Technology. --- Engineering. --- Agriculture. --- alternative energy source --- Ethiopian mustard --- sustainability --- agricultural green development --- entropy weight method --- spatial heterogeneity --- spatial spillover effect --- China --- rice yields --- climate change --- phenology --- relative contribution --- partial correlation --- seed security --- banana tissue culture planting material --- uptake --- banana farmers --- central Uganda --- traditional rice economics --- institutional --- socio-demographic factors --- multinomial logit model --- constraints --- China-Africa cooperation --- agricultural program --- agricultural training --- technology adoption --- dams --- agriculture --- livelihoods --- health --- schistosomiasis --- restoration --- sustainable development --- climate adaptation --- rice-wheat cropping system --- South Asia --- water requirements --- nitrogen --- direct seeding --- agricultural science, technology and innovation --- Innovation efficiency --- DEA --- G20 --- productivity --- efficiency --- food security --- digital agriculture --- smart farming --- digitalization --- digital technologies --- Middle East and North Africa --- decision making --- instrumental variable --- neighbourhood effects --- rice farmers --- risk attitudes --- spatial dependence --- agricultural innovation --- sustainable agriculture --- plant breeding --- cereals --- intellectual property --- agricultural law --- plant variety rights --- seed marketing --- European Union --- fertilizer --- knowledge --- attitude --- ease of use --- motivation --- work performance --- alternative energy source --- Ethiopian mustard --- sustainability --- agricultural green development --- entropy weight method --- spatial heterogeneity --- spatial spillover effect --- China --- rice yields --- climate change --- phenology --- relative contribution --- partial correlation --- seed security --- banana tissue culture planting material --- uptake --- banana farmers --- central Uganda --- traditional rice economics --- institutional --- socio-demographic factors --- multinomial logit model --- constraints --- China-Africa cooperation --- agricultural program --- agricultural training --- technology adoption --- dams --- agriculture --- livelihoods --- health --- schistosomiasis --- restoration --- sustainable development --- climate adaptation --- rice-wheat cropping system --- South Asia --- water requirements --- nitrogen --- direct seeding --- agricultural science, technology and innovation --- Innovation efficiency --- DEA --- G20 --- productivity --- efficiency --- food security --- digital agriculture --- smart farming --- digitalization --- digital technologies --- Middle East and North Africa --- decision making --- instrumental variable --- neighbourhood effects --- rice farmers --- risk attitudes --- spatial dependence --- agricultural innovation --- sustainable agriculture --- plant breeding --- cereals --- intellectual property --- agricultural law --- plant variety rights --- seed marketing --- European Union --- fertilizer --- knowledge --- attitude --- ease of use --- motivation --- work performance


Book
Energy Use Efficiency
Author:
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Energy is one of the most important factors of production. Its efficient use is crucial for ensuring production and environmental quality. Unlike normal goods with supply management, energy is demand managed. Efficient energy use—or energy efficiency—aims to reduce the amount of energy required to provide products and services. Energy use efficiency can be achieved in situations such as housing, offices, industrial production, transport and agriculture as well as in public lighting and services. The use of energy can be reduced by using technology that is energy saving. This Special Issue is a collection of research on energy use efficiency.

Keywords

History of engineering & technology --- energy efficiency --- direct energy rebound effect --- spatial spillover effect --- price decomposition --- fuel consumption --- trade-off --- technological progress --- passenger vehicle --- power factor --- regression discontinuity design --- data envelopment analysis --- super-SBM --- grey model --- energy consumption --- vehicle --- productive process --- material consumption --- manufacturing --- labor productivity --- energy --- Ethiopia --- energy access --- energy use --- fuzzy logic --- energy intensity --- stochastic frontier --- persistent efficiency --- transient efficiency --- US manufacturing --- energy paradox --- integrated assessment model --- subsidy policy --- air quality improvement --- zero-emission vehicles --- fine particulate matter --- Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards --- Global Change Assessment Model --- energy monitoring --- electricity smart meters --- smart metering information platforms --- knowledge --- longitudinal study --- consumers --- energy use efficiency --- energy efficiency management --- design science research --- pilot implementation --- dynamics --- heat transfer in buildings --- heat losses --- buildings --- thermal power --- heating --- dynamic DEA --- efficiency measurement --- electricity power generation --- weak disposability --- undesirable outputs --- energy efficiency --- direct energy rebound effect --- spatial spillover effect --- price decomposition --- fuel consumption --- trade-off --- technological progress --- passenger vehicle --- power factor --- regression discontinuity design --- data envelopment analysis --- super-SBM --- grey model --- energy consumption --- vehicle --- productive process --- material consumption --- manufacturing --- labor productivity --- energy --- Ethiopia --- energy access --- energy use --- fuzzy logic --- energy intensity --- stochastic frontier --- persistent efficiency --- transient efficiency --- US manufacturing --- energy paradox --- integrated assessment model --- subsidy policy --- air quality improvement --- zero-emission vehicles --- fine particulate matter --- Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards --- Global Change Assessment Model --- energy monitoring --- electricity smart meters --- smart metering information platforms --- knowledge --- longitudinal study --- consumers --- energy use efficiency --- energy efficiency management --- design science research --- pilot implementation --- dynamics --- heat transfer in buildings --- heat losses --- buildings --- thermal power --- heating --- dynamic DEA --- efficiency measurement --- electricity power generation --- weak disposability --- undesirable outputs


Book
Economics of Education and Sustainable Development
Author:
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

This book consists of articles that investigate and discuss the relationship between economics of education and sustainable development; that is, how education economics plays an important role in sustainable development. Economics of education or education economics is the study of economic issues relating to education (such as education policy and finance, human capital production and acquisition, and the returns to human capital); while sustainable development is the study of a system (a human society) operating and growing continuously, which includes environment, economy, industry, business, agriculture, etc. This book particularly focuses on the economy – how an economy continuously and steadily develops and grows.

Keywords

Humanities --- Education --- higher education --- education input --- technological innovation --- economic growth --- VAR model --- education heterogeneity --- spatial spillover effects --- total factor productivity growth --- dynamic spatial SLX model --- wage discrimination --- sustainable development --- sheepskin effects --- supply/demand transition in labor market --- gender discrimination --- academic progression --- women faculty --- female professors --- maternity penalty --- gender gap --- gender disparity --- education --- Propensity Score Matching --- Intra-household income inequality --- senior secondary school --- parental economic expectation --- sustainable economic development --- international students --- human capital --- sustainable financial education --- consumer life satisfaction --- the necessity of financial education --- ordered probit regression --- trivariate causality --- health --- Zimbabwe --- human capital investment --- rate of returns --- screening and sheepskin effects --- tuition fee control policy --- financial management --- principal–agency model --- educational policy evaluation --- unintended consequence --- high school equalization policy --- housing market --- difference-in-differences analysis --- entrepreneurial intentions --- emotional competencies --- behavioral competencies --- entrepreneurial education --- nonlinear --- kink regression --- ASEAN-5 --- higher education --- education input --- technological innovation --- economic growth --- VAR model --- education heterogeneity --- spatial spillover effects --- total factor productivity growth --- dynamic spatial SLX model --- wage discrimination --- sustainable development --- sheepskin effects --- supply/demand transition in labor market --- gender discrimination --- academic progression --- women faculty --- female professors --- maternity penalty --- gender gap --- gender disparity --- education --- Propensity Score Matching --- Intra-household income inequality --- senior secondary school --- parental economic expectation --- sustainable economic development --- international students --- human capital --- sustainable financial education --- consumer life satisfaction --- the necessity of financial education --- ordered probit regression --- trivariate causality --- health --- Zimbabwe --- human capital investment --- rate of returns --- screening and sheepskin effects --- tuition fee control policy --- financial management --- principal–agency model --- educational policy evaluation --- unintended consequence --- high school equalization policy --- housing market --- difference-in-differences analysis --- entrepreneurial intentions --- emotional competencies --- behavioral competencies --- entrepreneurial education --- nonlinear --- kink regression --- ASEAN-5


Book
Air Pollution Control and Sustainable Development : Pollution Control and Economic Growth
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI Books

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Abstract

This book brings together the latest research findings on the state of air pollution control and its impact on economic growth in different countries. The book has substantial content and rich discussion. It is suitable for students and researchers at different levels to learn the status of air pollution, governance policies and their effects, and the relationship between pollution control and economic growth in countries around the world.

Keywords

The arts --- haze pollution --- economic development quality --- environmental management --- PM2.5 concentration --- evolutionary game --- quadrilateral game --- air pollution --- pollution control policy --- PM2.5 --- spatiotemporal variation --- empirical orthogonal function --- continuous wavelet transform --- backward trajectory analysis --- joint governance region --- atrial fibrillation --- environmental factors --- binary logistic model --- sustainable development --- early warning --- design mobile laboratory campaign --- air pollution concentration --- population exposure to air pollutant --- air quality --- spatiotemporal characteristics --- urban land use --- coupled relationship --- Lanzhou City --- economic growth rate --- GDP per capita --- China --- digital economy --- industrial structure --- spatial spillover --- noise --- silence zone area --- GIS --- linear regression --- mechanical ventilation systems --- minimum ventilation level --- Korea housing --- CO2 concentration --- apartment ventilation --- construction industry --- sustainable development goals --- sustainable construction --- healthy living environment --- King Abdulaziz University --- GWR --- zero-carbon campus --- spatial heterogeneity --- O3 --- transmission pathways --- backward trajectory --- PSCF --- CWT --- global research trend --- SCI-Expanded database --- scientometrics --- halogenated gases --- climate change --- ozone depletion --- environmental regulations --- green technology innovation --- regional differences --- difference-in-differences --- urban form --- urbanization --- spatial autocorrelation --- sensitivity --- aerosols --- zero-out --- Iberian Peninsula --- carbon peak --- carbon neutrality --- export trade --- embodied carbon --- Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index --- random forests --- atmospheric circulation --- machine learning --- complex topography --- big-data intelligent system --- on-road vehicle emissions --- traffic monitoring --- hyperfine modelling --- real-time visualization --- decarbonization --- bituminous coal --- pollution source --- monitoring --- road traffic --- haze pollution --- economic development quality --- environmental management --- PM2.5 concentration --- evolutionary game --- quadrilateral game --- air pollution --- pollution control policy --- PM2.5 --- spatiotemporal variation --- empirical orthogonal function --- continuous wavelet transform --- backward trajectory analysis --- joint governance region --- atrial fibrillation --- environmental factors --- binary logistic model --- sustainable development --- early warning --- design mobile laboratory campaign --- air pollution concentration --- population exposure to air pollutant --- air quality --- spatiotemporal characteristics --- urban land use --- coupled relationship --- Lanzhou City --- economic growth rate --- GDP per capita --- China --- digital economy --- industrial structure --- spatial spillover --- noise --- silence zone area --- GIS --- linear regression --- mechanical ventilation systems --- minimum ventilation level --- Korea housing --- CO2 concentration --- apartment ventilation --- construction industry --- sustainable development goals --- sustainable construction --- healthy living environment --- King Abdulaziz University --- GWR --- zero-carbon campus --- spatial heterogeneity --- O3 --- transmission pathways --- backward trajectory --- PSCF --- CWT --- global research trend --- SCI-Expanded database --- scientometrics --- halogenated gases --- climate change --- ozone depletion --- environmental regulations --- green technology innovation --- regional differences --- difference-in-differences --- urban form --- urbanization --- spatial autocorrelation --- sensitivity --- aerosols --- zero-out --- Iberian Peninsula --- carbon peak --- carbon neutrality --- export trade --- embodied carbon --- Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index --- random forests --- atmospheric circulation --- machine learning --- complex topography --- big-data intelligent system --- on-road vehicle emissions --- traffic monitoring --- hyperfine modelling --- real-time visualization --- decarbonization --- bituminous coal --- pollution source --- monitoring --- road traffic

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