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Histology. Cytology --- CRISPR (Genetics) --- Genetics --- Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats. --- Gene Editing. --- Genetic Research. --- Research --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Research. --- Research, Genetic --- Genome Editing --- Base Editing --- Editing, Base --- Editing, Gene --- Editing, Genome --- CRISPR-Associated Protein 9 --- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed --- CRISPR-Cas Systems --- CRISPR Arrays --- CRISPR Clusters --- CRISPR Elements --- CRISPR Loci --- CRISPR Locus --- CRISPR Sequences --- CRISPR Spacer Sequences --- CRISPR Spacers --- CRISPR-Cas Loci --- CRISPRs --- Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat --- Array, CRISPR --- Arrays, CRISPR --- CRISPR --- CRISPR Array --- CRISPR Cas Loci --- CRISPR Cluster --- CRISPR Element --- CRISPR Sequence --- CRISPR Spacer --- CRISPR Spacer Sequence --- CRISPR-Cas Locus --- Cluster, CRISPR --- Clusters, CRISPR --- Element, CRISPR --- Elements, CRISPR --- Loci, CRISPR --- Loci, CRISPR-Cas --- Locus, CRISPR --- Locus, CRISPR-Cas --- Sequence, CRISPR --- Sequence, CRISPR Spacer --- Sequences, CRISPR --- Sequences, CRISPR Spacer --- Spacer Sequence, CRISPR --- Spacer Sequences, CRISPR --- Spacer, CRISPR --- Spacers, CRISPR --- CRISPR-Associated Proteins --- Genetic research --- Biology --- Embryology --- Mendel's law --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Breeding --- Chromosomes --- Heredity --- Mutation (Biology) --- Variation (Biology) --- Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (Genetics) --- Immunogenetics --- Nucleotide sequence

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Pulsed lasers are lasers with a single laser pulse width of less than 0.25 s, operating only once in every certain time interval. Commonly used pulsed lasers are nanosecond, femtosecond, and picosecond lasers. A pulsed laser produces short pulses with a short interaction time with the material, which can largely avoid impact on the thermal movement of molecules and has a minimal thermal impact on the surrounding materials, thus having significant advantages in precision microfabrication. It is now widely used in flexible electronics, chips, medicine, and other fields, such as photographic resin curing, microwelding, vision correction, heart stent manufacturing, etc. However, as an emerging processing technology, the application prospects of pulsed lasers have yet to be fully expanded, and there is still a need to continuously explore the mechanisms of interaction with materials, to manufacture advanced functional structures, and to develop advanced process technologies.

Technology: general issues --- wettability --- electrodes --- laser structuring --- spread area --- electrolyte --- wetting time --- oxide dispersion strengthened steel --- ODS Eurofer --- laser welding --- microstructure --- EBSD --- laser diodes --- pulsed and continuous wave (cw) regimes --- medical applications --- dermatology --- laryngology --- laser micro-cutting --- PI film --- contact spacer --- tactile sensor --- laser surface texturing --- hardness --- Zr-based metallic glass --- laser processing --- PET film --- transparent polymer --- temperature field --- ultraviolet nanosecond pulse laser --- laser photothermal ablation --- n/a

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Joint replacement is a very successful medical treatment. However, the survivorship of hip, knee, shoulder, and other implants is limited. The degradation of materials and the immune response against degradation products or an altered tissue loading condition as well as infections remain key factors of their failure. Current research in biomechanics and biomaterials is trying to overcome these existing limitations. This includes new implant designs and materials, bearings concepts and tribology, kinematical concepts, surgical techniques, and anti-inflammatory and infection prevention strategies. A careful evaluation of new materials and concepts is required in order to fully assess the strengths and weaknesses and to improve the quality and outcomes of joint replacements. Therefore, extensive research and clinical trials are essential. The main aspects that are addressed in this Special Issue are related to new material, design and manufacturing considerations of implants, implant wear and its potential clinical consequence, implant fixation, infection-related material aspects, and taper-related research topics. This Special Issue gives an overview of the ongoing research in those fields. The contributions were solicited from researchers working in the fields of biomechanics, biomaterials, and bio- and tissue-engineering.

Information technology industries --- electrocautery --- titanium alloy --- cobalt-chrome alloy --- fatigue behavior --- biomechanical study --- Vertebral body replacement (VBR) --- non metallic --- radiolucent --- CF/PEEK --- biomechanics --- tumor --- vertebral fracture --- spine --- calcium phosphate --- granules --- bone graft substitutes --- total hip arthroplasty --- implant deformation --- acetabulum --- Metasul --- 28 mm small head --- metal-on-metal THA --- cobalt --- chromium --- titanium --- blood metal ions --- inflammation --- cytokines --- metal particles --- metal ions --- synovium --- dual taper modular hip stem --- acetabular revision --- asymptomatic stem modularity --- decision making model --- threshold --- biomaterials --- arthroplasty --- orthopaedic tribology --- experimental simulation --- total knee replacement --- PEEK-OPTIMA™ --- UHMWPE --- third body wear --- modular acetabular cup --- poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) --- ceramics --- ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) --- strain distribution --- bone stock --- cup-inlay stability --- disassembly forces --- relative motion --- periprosthetic joint infections --- infection prophylaxis --- Staphylococcus epidermidis --- in vivo osteomyelitis model --- metal wear --- retrieval study --- metal-on-metal articulation --- volumetric wear --- megaendoprosthesis --- total knee arthroplasty --- bone tumor --- Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis --- hip arthroplasty --- elementary geometrical shape model --- interchangeability --- head-taper junction --- migration --- ion implantation --- precision casting --- Ti6Al4V --- calcium --- phosphorus --- centrifugal casting --- porous implants --- tantalum --- hip replacement --- revision hip arthroplasty --- primary stability --- backside wear --- cross-linked --- total hip replacement --- hip cup system --- composite --- fibers --- polycarbonate-urethane --- meniscal replacement --- mechanical properties --- meniscus --- silicon nitride --- coating --- joint replacement --- wear --- adhesion --- trunnionosis --- trunnion failure --- fretting corrosion --- head-neck junction --- mechanically assisted crevice corrosion --- implant --- biomaterial --- corrosion --- residual stress --- taper connection --- anodic polarization --- surface treatment --- knee joint --- patellar component --- musculoskeletal multibody simulation --- patellofemoral joint --- polyetheretherketone --- fixation --- debonding --- implant-cement interface --- PMMA --- periprosthetic joint infection --- cement spacer --- articulating spacer --- hip spacer --- two-stage revision --- surface alteration --- surface roughness --- third-body wear --- zirconium oxide particles --- metal-on-cement articulation --- oxford unicompartmental knee arthroplasty --- bearing thickness --- retrieval analysis --- biomedical rheology --- viscosity --- bovine calf serum --- shear thinning --- numerical simulation --- electrocautery --- titanium alloy --- cobalt-chrome alloy --- fatigue behavior --- biomechanical study --- Vertebral body replacement (VBR) --- non metallic --- radiolucent --- CF/PEEK --- biomechanics --- tumor --- vertebral fracture --- spine --- calcium phosphate --- granules --- bone graft substitutes --- total hip arthroplasty --- implant deformation --- acetabulum --- Metasul --- 28 mm small head --- metal-on-metal THA --- cobalt --- chromium --- titanium --- blood metal ions --- inflammation --- cytokines --- metal particles --- metal ions --- synovium --- dual taper modular hip stem --- acetabular revision --- asymptomatic stem modularity --- decision making model --- threshold --- biomaterials --- arthroplasty --- orthopaedic tribology --- experimental simulation --- total knee replacement --- PEEK-OPTIMA™ --- UHMWPE --- third body wear --- modular acetabular cup --- poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) --- ceramics --- ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) --- strain distribution --- bone stock --- cup-inlay stability --- disassembly forces --- relative motion --- periprosthetic joint infections --- infection prophylaxis --- Staphylococcus epidermidis --- in vivo osteomyelitis model --- metal wear --- retrieval study --- metal-on-metal articulation --- volumetric wear --- megaendoprosthesis --- total knee arthroplasty --- bone tumor --- Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis --- hip arthroplasty --- elementary geometrical shape model --- interchangeability --- head-taper junction --- migration --- ion implantation --- precision casting --- Ti6Al4V --- calcium --- phosphorus --- centrifugal casting --- porous implants --- tantalum --- hip replacement --- revision hip arthroplasty --- primary stability --- backside wear --- cross-linked --- total hip replacement --- hip cup system --- composite --- fibers --- polycarbonate-urethane --- meniscal replacement --- mechanical properties --- meniscus --- silicon nitride --- coating --- joint replacement --- wear --- adhesion --- trunnionosis --- trunnion failure --- fretting corrosion --- head-neck junction --- mechanically assisted crevice corrosion --- implant --- biomaterial --- corrosion --- residual stress --- taper connection --- anodic polarization --- surface treatment --- knee joint --- patellar component --- musculoskeletal multibody simulation --- patellofemoral joint --- polyetheretherketone --- fixation --- debonding --- implant-cement interface --- PMMA --- periprosthetic joint infection --- cement spacer --- articulating spacer --- hip spacer --- two-stage revision --- surface alteration --- surface roughness --- third-body wear --- zirconium oxide particles --- metal-on-cement articulation --- oxford unicompartmental knee arthroplasty --- bearing thickness --- retrieval analysis --- biomedical rheology --- viscosity --- bovine calf serum --- shear thinning --- numerical simulation

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The book deals with the latest research on membrane distillation. New membrane and module designs, low-temperature applications, integration with other membrane units and pilot scale investigations are presented and discussed.

FGD wastewater --- integrated membrane-based process --- zero liquid-discharge --- sustainability --- bioethanol --- sweeping gas membrane distillation --- SGMD --- glucose --- permeate flux --- optimization --- membrane distillation --- triple layer composite membrane --- highly concentrated solutions --- PVDF --- PES --- membrane stability --- polypropylene --- TIPS --- talc --- desalination --- brine treatment --- pilot scale --- permeate quality --- membrane filtration --- high salinity --- spacer-filled channel --- temperature polarization --- computational fluid dynamics --- thermochromic liquid crystals --- distillation --- high recovery rate --- brine concentration --- zero liquid discharge --- membrane distillation module --- wastewater concentration --- resource recovery --- 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone --- solvent dehydration --- hollow-fiber membrane --- multi-objective optimization --- submerged module --- capillary membrane --- direct contact membrane distillation --- urea --- low temperature --- composite membrane --- plasma-polymerized hydrophobic fluorosiloxane coating --- hydrophilic porous hollow-fiber substrate --- n/a

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Numerous studies have demonstrated that the plant microbiome is highly relevant for the growth and fitness of plants. Plants in ecosystems and agroecosystems can recruit a wide variety of microorganisms, including beneficial microbes which are being studied and applied as biostimulators to improve nutrition and tolerance of plants and as biocontrol of phytopathogens. In this context, this Book contains a selection of articles describing diverse ecological and biotechnological aspects of microbiomes in native and agronomic plants (e.g., pepper, potato, rice and lettuce) created by researchers from Italy, China, Korea, Egypt, Oman, Germany, the USA, and Chile.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- bioprospecting --- inoculants --- plant growth-promoting bacteria --- plant microbiome --- plant–microbe interactions --- plant microbiota --- cultivation-dependent of plant microbiota --- plant broth-based culture media --- “in-situ-similis” culturing strategy --- vegan nutrition --- clover bacterial endophytes --- co-occurrence network --- fungal community --- fungal functional role --- plastic shed cultivation --- rhizosphere --- rhizosphere microbiome --- shotgun metagenomic sequencing --- partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis --- rice --- recombinant inbred lines --- root and shoot biomass --- heading and physiological maturity stage --- Codonopsis tangshen --- continuous cropping --- 454 pyrosequencing --- bacterial community --- bacterial structure --- soil chemical properties --- Streptomyces biocontrol agent --- cucumber --- microbial community composition --- microbial function --- Cadophora spp. --- corm rot --- dark septate endophytes --- functional guild --- internal transcribed spacer --- Talaromyces spp. --- aquaponics --- metabarcoding --- bacterial communities --- carbohydrases --- phytases --- endosymbiont --- microbial diversity --- fig and fig wasp --- Ficus hirta --- interaction --- alpha and beta diversity --- diversity --- metagenomics --- Streptomyces spp. spatial location --- variety --- volcanoes --- Andean Altiplano --- wild rice --- microbial community --- rhizosphere microorganism --- plant growth promoting --- extreme environments --- Atacama Desert --- 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol --- biocontroller