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Sound source localization is an important research field that has attracted researchers' efforts from many technical and biomedical sciences. Sound source localization (SSL) is defined as the determination of the direction from a receiver, but also includes the distance from it. Because of the wave nature of sound propagation, phenomena such as refraction, diffraction, diffusion, reflection, reverberation and interference occur. The wide spectrum of sound frequencies that range from infrasounds through acoustic sounds to ultrasounds, also introduces difficulties, as different spectrum components have different penetration properties through the medium. Consequently, SSL is a complex computation problem and development of robust sound localization techniques calls for different approaches, including multisensor schemes, null-steering beamforming and time-difference arrival techniques. The book offers a rich source of valuable material on advances on SSL techniques and their applications that should appeal to researches representing diverse engineering and scientific disciplines.

Acoustic localization. --- Auditory perception. --- Directional hearing. --- Auditory localization --- Localization, Auditory --- Sound, Localization of --- Sound localization (Physiology) --- Hearing --- Auditory scene analysis --- Sound perception --- Perception --- Word deafness --- Acoustic position reference system --- Acoustic source localization --- Localization, Acoustic --- Sound localization --- Sound source localization --- Source localization, Acoustic --- Sound --- Engineering --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- Mechanical Engineering --- Acoustical Engineering

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This book highlights the mathematical and physical properties of acoustical sources with singularities located in the complex plane and presents the application of such special elements to solve acoustical radiation and scattering problems. Sources whose origin lies in the complex plane are also solutions of the wave equation but possess different radiating properties as their counterparts with real positions. Such mathematical constructions are known in the fields of optics and electrodynamics, but they are not common in acoustical research. The objective of the book is to introduce this concept to acousticians and motivate them to engage themselves in further research and application of complex sources. Such sources are particularly useful to formulate Green’s functions and related equivalent source and boundary element methods in half-spaces.

Acoustical engineering. --- Acoustics. --- Engineering mathematics. --- Physics. --- Engineering Acoustics. --- Engineering Mathematics. --- Numerical and Computational Physics, Simulation. --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Engineering --- Engineering analysis --- Mathematical analysis --- Acoustic engineering --- Sonic engineering --- Sonics --- Sound engineering --- Sound-waves --- Mathematics --- Industrial applications --- Acoustic localization --- Acoustic models. --- Mathematics. --- Models, Acoustic --- Acoustical engineering --- Engineering models --- Acoustic position reference system --- Acoustic source localization --- Localization, Acoustic --- Sound localization --- Sound source localization --- Source localization, Acoustic --- Sound

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The book contains the research contributions belonging to the Special Issue "Numerical Simulation of Wind Turbines", published in 2020-2021. They consist of 15 original research papers and 1 editorial. Different topics are discussed, from innovative design solutions for large and small wind turbine to control, from advanced simulation techniques to noise prediction. The variety of methods used in the research contributions testifies the need for a holistic approach to the design and simulation of modern wind turbines and will be able to stimulate the interest of the wind energy community.

Technology: general issues --- large-scale wind turbine balde --- computational aeroacoustics --- sound source detection --- low Mach number turbulent flows --- NACA0012 airfoil --- fluid-structure interaction --- wind turbine --- atmospheric boundary layer --- composite materials --- gusts --- wind energy --- actuator line method --- wind turbine simulation --- regularization kernel --- small wind turbine (SWT) --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- composites --- fluid-structure interaction (FSI) --- VAWT --- gurney flap --- CFD --- RBF --- power augmentation --- Darrieus --- turbulence --- experiments --- turbine wake --- turbine size --- large-eddy simulation --- actuator surface model --- wind turbine wake --- actuator disk model --- dynamic mode decomposition --- coherent structures --- wake meandering --- vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) --- Savonius turbine --- deformable blades --- power coefficient --- blade load --- fluid-structure interaction (FSI) --- uncertainty quantification --- blade damage --- AEP --- winglet --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD), wind energy --- renewable energy --- rotor blade --- tip vortices --- aerodynamics --- ansys fluent --- savonius turbine --- icewind turbine --- static torque --- three-dimensional simulation --- Delayed DES --- H-Darrieus --- micro wind power generation --- wind turbine control --- load mitigation --- individual pitch control --- lifting line free vortex wake --- vortex methods --- pitch --- stall --- engineering codes --- large-scale wind turbine balde --- computational aeroacoustics --- sound source detection --- low Mach number turbulent flows --- NACA0012 airfoil --- fluid-structure interaction --- wind turbine --- atmospheric boundary layer --- composite materials --- gusts --- wind energy --- actuator line method --- wind turbine simulation --- regularization kernel --- small wind turbine (SWT) --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- composites --- fluid-structure interaction (FSI) --- VAWT --- gurney flap --- CFD --- RBF --- power augmentation --- Darrieus --- turbulence --- experiments --- turbine wake --- turbine size --- large-eddy simulation --- actuator surface model --- wind turbine wake --- actuator disk model --- dynamic mode decomposition --- coherent structures --- wake meandering --- vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) --- Savonius turbine --- deformable blades --- power coefficient --- blade load --- fluid-structure interaction (FSI) --- uncertainty quantification --- blade damage --- AEP --- winglet --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD), wind energy --- renewable energy --- rotor blade --- tip vortices --- aerodynamics --- ansys fluent --- savonius turbine --- icewind turbine --- static torque --- three-dimensional simulation --- Delayed DES --- H-Darrieus --- micro wind power generation --- wind turbine control --- load mitigation --- individual pitch control --- lifting line free vortex wake --- vortex methods --- pitch --- stall --- engineering codes

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Satisfactory acoustics is crucial for the ability of spaces such as auditoriums and lecture rooms to perform their primary function. The acoustics of dwellings and offices greatly affects the quality of our life, since we are all consciously or subconsciously aware of the sounds to which we are daily subjected. Architectural acoustics, which encompasses room and building acoustics, is the scientific field that deals with these topics and can be defined as the study of generation, propagation, and effects of sound in enclosures. Modeling techniques, as well as related acoustic theories for accurately calculating the sound field, have been the center of many major new developments. In addition, the image conveyed by a purely physical description of sound would be incomplete without regarding human perception; hence, the interrelation between objective stimuli and subjective sensations is a field of important investigations. A holistic approach in terms of research and practice is the optimum way for solving the perplexing problems which arise in the design or refurbishment of spaces, since current trends in contemporary architecture, such as transparency, openness, and preference for bare sound-reflecting surfaces are continuing pushing the very limits of functional acoustics. All the advances in architectural acoustics gathered in this Special Issue, we hope that inspire researchers and acousticians to explore new directions in this age of scientific convergence.

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- acoustic measurements --- impulse response measurements --- omnidirectional source --- dodecahedron --- acoustic parameters --- sound source --- reverberation time --- ISO 3382 --- auralization --- sound absorption --- perforated panels --- micro-perforated panels --- resonant absorbers --- frequency domain --- PUFEM --- room acoustics --- wave-based method --- discretization error --- explicit method --- finite element method --- high order scheme --- room acoustic simulations --- time domain --- shoebox concert hall --- diffusive surfaces --- diffusers location --- acoustical parameters --- variable acoustics --- subjective investigation --- acoustics --- opera house --- intangible cultural heritage --- open-air ancient theatres --- ISO 3382-1 --- firecrackers --- building acoustics --- sound absorption coefficient --- prediction models --- supervised learning method --- worship space acoustics --- acoustics simulation --- acoustic heritage --- archaeo-acoustics --- acoustic subspaces --- FDTD simulation --- speech intelligibility --- open-plan offices --- spatial decay --- ISO 3382-3 --- room absorption --- office noise --- speech --- calculation models --- absorption --- scattering --- airflow resistivity --- long space --- coherent image source method --- sound-absorbing boundary --- sound field modeling --- scale-model experiment --- reflection power --- room response --- directional decay rates --- room modes --- eigenbeam processing --- spatial correlation --- concert hall acoustics --- lateral reflections --- shoebox typology --- spatial impression --- perception thresholds --- skeletal reflections --- reflection sequence --- seat dip effect --- seat height --- seat spacing --- mechanism --- n/a

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Satisfactory acoustics is crucial for the ability of spaces such as auditoriums and lecture rooms to perform their primary function. The acoustics of dwellings and offices greatly affects the quality of our life, since we are all consciously or subconsciously aware of the sounds to which we are daily subjected. Architectural acoustics, which encompasses room and building acoustics, is the scientific field that deals with these topics and can be defined as the study of generation, propagation, and effects of sound in enclosures. Modeling techniques, as well as related acoustic theories for accurately calculating the sound field, have been the center of many major new developments. In addition, the image conveyed by a purely physical description of sound would be incomplete without regarding human perception; hence, the interrelation between objective stimuli and subjective sensations is a field of important investigations. A holistic approach in terms of research and practice is the optimum way for solving the perplexing problems which arise in the design or refurbishment of spaces, since current trends in contemporary architecture, such as transparency, openness, and preference for bare sound-reflecting surfaces are continuing pushing the very limits of functional acoustics. All the advances in architectural acoustics gathered in this Special Issue, we hope that inspire researchers and acousticians to explore new directions in this age of scientific convergence.

acoustic measurements --- impulse response measurements --- omnidirectional source --- dodecahedron --- acoustic parameters --- sound source --- reverberation time --- ISO 3382 --- auralization --- sound absorption --- perforated panels --- micro-perforated panels --- resonant absorbers --- frequency domain --- PUFEM --- room acoustics --- wave-based method --- discretization error --- explicit method --- finite element method --- high order scheme --- room acoustic simulations --- time domain --- shoebox concert hall --- diffusive surfaces --- diffusers location --- acoustical parameters --- variable acoustics --- subjective investigation --- acoustics --- opera house --- intangible cultural heritage --- open-air ancient theatres --- ISO 3382-1 --- firecrackers --- building acoustics --- sound absorption coefficient --- prediction models --- supervised learning method --- worship space acoustics --- acoustics simulation --- acoustic heritage --- archaeo-acoustics --- acoustic subspaces --- FDTD simulation --- speech intelligibility --- open-plan offices --- spatial decay --- ISO 3382-3 --- room absorption --- office noise --- speech --- calculation models --- absorption --- scattering --- airflow resistivity --- long space --- coherent image source method --- sound-absorbing boundary --- sound field modeling --- scale-model experiment --- reflection power --- room response --- directional decay rates --- room modes --- eigenbeam processing --- spatial correlation --- concert hall acoustics --- lateral reflections --- shoebox typology --- spatial impression --- perception thresholds --- skeletal reflections --- reflection sequence --- seat dip effect --- seat height --- seat spacing --- mechanism --- n/a