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Water --- Heating from central stations. --- Zeolites. --- Softening.

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Water --- Eau --- Softening --- Economic aspects. --- Adoucissement --- Aspect économique

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This book addresses whether or not calcium and magnesium ('hardness') in drinking water can contribute to preventing disease. It includes a comprehensive consensus view on what is known and what is not about the role and possible health benefit of calcium and magnesium in drinking-water. Also included is a series of chapters each authored by internationally renowned experts reviewing the state of the art in different aspects, including: global dietary calcium and magnesium intakes; the contribution of drinking water to calcium and magnesium intake; health significance of calcium and magnesium; role of drinking-water in relation to bone metabolism; epidemiological studies and the association of cardiovascular disease risks with water hardness and magnesium in particular; water production, technical issues and economics.--Publisher's description.

Water --- Analysis --- Drinking water --- Hard water --- Hardness of water --- Water quality --- Drinking water standards --- Water-supply --- Potable water --- Tap water --- Beverages --- Fresh water --- Standards --- Hardness --- Softening --- Composition

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Water --- Sampling. --- Water quality. --- Standards. --- Industrial water --- Chemical composition --- Water treatment chemicals --- Water treatment devices --- Sludge --- Water services --- Water chemistry --- Physicochemical properties --- Ion exchanging --- Water softening --- Purification. --- Analysis.

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This collection covers the physical and chemical phenomena of metal surfaces, including surface modifications and treatments. It is targeted at researchers working in materials science and also at newcomers to the research field of metal surfaces and surface analysis.

Technology: general issues --- mechanical alloying --- nanocrystalline alloys --- corrosion --- polarization --- EIS --- TiAl-based alloys --- hydrogen-induced softening --- dynamic recrystallization --- cracking --- molybdenum --- nuclear fusion reactors --- laser --- surface damage --- microstructure --- bipolar electrochemistry --- erosion-corrosion --- oil and gas --- impact wear --- steel --- hardness --- toughness --- micro fatigue --- cracks --- martensitic stainless steel --- Cr segregation --- fracture --- Charpy test --- XPS --- surface analysis --- metals and alloys --- metal coatings --- AES --- SPEM --- laser micromachining --- surface texturing --- surface roughness --- biomedical engineering --- tribology --- mechanical alloying --- nanocrystalline alloys --- corrosion --- polarization --- EIS --- TiAl-based alloys --- hydrogen-induced softening --- dynamic recrystallization --- cracking --- molybdenum --- nuclear fusion reactors --- laser --- surface damage --- microstructure --- bipolar electrochemistry --- erosion-corrosion --- oil and gas --- impact wear --- steel --- hardness --- toughness --- micro fatigue --- cracks --- martensitic stainless steel --- Cr segregation --- fracture --- Charpy test --- XPS --- surface analysis --- metals and alloys --- metal coatings --- AES --- SPEM --- laser micromachining --- surface texturing --- surface roughness --- biomedical engineering --- tribology