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This open access book considers the development of the sharing and collaborative economy with a European focus, mapping across economic sectors, and country-specific case studies. It looks at the roles the sharing economy plays in sharing and redistribution of goods and services across the population in order to maximise their functionality, monetary exchange, and other aspects important to societies. It also looks at the place of the sharing economy among various policies and how the contexts of public policies, legislation, digital platforms, and other infrastructure interrelate with the development and function of the sharing economy. The book will help in understanding the future (sharing) economy models as well as to contribute in solving questions of better access to resources and sustainable innovation in the context of degrowth and growing inequalities within and between societies. It will also provide a useful source for solutions to the big challenges of our times such as climate change, the loss of biodiversity, and recently the coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19). This book will be of interest to academics and students in economics and business, organisational studies, sociology, media and communication and computer science.

Economics --- Economic growth --- Sharing Economy --- Collaborative Economy --- Collaborative Consumption --- Peer-to-Peer Economy --- Social Innovation --- Socio-Technical Systems --- Open Access --- Cooperation --- Europe --- Economic conditions

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This Special Issue ""Multi-Agent Systems"" gathers original research articles reporting results on the steadily growing area of agent-oriented computing and multi-agent systems technologies. After more than 20 years of academic research on multi-agent systems (MASs), in fact, agent-oriented models and technologies have been promoted as the most suitable candidates for the design and development of distributed and intelligent applications in complex and dynamic environments. With respect to both their quality and range, the papers in this Special Issue already represent a meaningful sample of the most recent advancements in the field of agent-oriented models and technologies. In particular, the 17 contributions cover agent-based modeling and simulation, situated multi-agent systems, socio-technical multi-agent systems, and semantic technologies applied to multi-agent systems. In fact, it is surprising to witness how such a limited portion of MAS research already highlights the most relevant usage of agent-based models and technologies, as well as their most appreciated characteristics. We are thus confident that the readers of Applied Sciences will be able to appreciate the growing role that MASs will play in the design and development of the next generation of complex intelligent systems. This Special Issue has been converted into a yearly series, for which a new call for papers is already available at the Applied Sciences journal’s website: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci/special_issues/Multi-Agent_Systems_2019.

multi-agent systems --- agent development framework --- semantic web --- online double auction --- agent development methodology --- intelligent agents --- travel behavior --- computational accountability --- coordinated control --- directed graph --- agent methodologies --- surface vehicle --- SEA_ML --- sociogram --- formation tracking --- socio-technical systems --- agreement technologies --- electronic bartering system --- delay --- social commitments --- human-machine interaction --- regression models --- collision avoidance --- electric vehicles --- mechanism design --- model-driven development --- agent technology --- multi agent systems --- computer science --- 3D representation --- multiagent systems --- scaled consensus --- multi-agent simulation --- multiple passive agents --- type-2 fuzzy inference system --- Artificial Intelligence --- bike sharing systems (BSS) --- trajectory mining --- Mobile Robot Navigation --- open data --- RBFNNs --- agent-based programming --- methodologies for agent-based systems --- socio–technical systems --- underactuated vehicle --- BDI agents --- autonomous agents --- Behavior Trees (BTs) --- coordination models --- pedestrian environment --- person tracking --- cognitive disabilities --- coordination --- commuting --- genetic algorithm --- ontology --- Genetic Programming (GP) --- user interaction levels --- intelligent hybrid systems --- complex network --- agent-oriented technologies --- agent-based modeling --- network management --- behavior modeling --- semantic web service --- mobile communication --- smart cities --- mobile device agent --- organizational model --- [-5]agent-based simulation --- agent-based social simulation --- agent-based simulation --- data visualization --- linked data --- ambient intelligence --- orientation --- velocity obstacle --- multi-agent system --- kinodynamic planning --- agent-based modelling --- charging stations --- organizations and institutions --- agent behavior --- tree mining --- agent-oriented software engineering --- carpooling --- perishable goods