Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The East German Ministry for State Security stood for Stalinist oppression and all-encompassing surveillance. The "shield and sword of the party," it secured the rule of the Communist Party for more than forty years, and by the 1980s it had become the largest secret-police apparatus in the world, per capita. Jens Gieseke tells the story of the Stasi, a feared secret-police force and a highly professional intelligence service. He inquires into the mechanisms of dictatorship and the day-to-day effects of surveillance and suspicion. Masterful and thorough at once, he takes the reader through t

Internal security --- Secret service --- Security, Internal --- Insurgency --- Subversive activities --- History. --- Germany (East). --- Germany (Democratic Republic, 1949- ). --- Stasi --- MfS --- Staatssicherheitsdienst der DDR --- Sûreté de l'Etat --- Service secret --- History --- Histoire --- GDR. --- German Democratic Republic. --- German history. --- Germany. --- cold war history. --- cold war. --- communism. --- communist state. --- east berlin. --- east germany. --- secret police. --- socialist state. --- stasi.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

While Bertold Brecht became identified internationally as the cultural figurehead of the GDR, his relationship with the authorities was always complex. This book examines his activities in the GDR and the regime's marginalizing response and posthumous appropriation of his legacy.

Literature and society --- Politics and literature --- Brecht, Bertolt, --- Brecht, Bertolt. --- Deutschland (DDR). --- Germany (East) --- History. --- Brecht, Berthold Friedrich --- Brecht, Bertholt --- Brecht, Bert --- Brecht, Eugen Berthold Friedrich --- LITERARY CRITICISM / European / German. --- Berliner Ensemble. --- Bertolt Brecht. --- Brecht Studies. --- Brecht's Activities. --- Brecht's Legacy. --- Creative Responses. --- Cultural Figurehead. --- Cultural Paradigm Shifts. --- East Berlin. --- East German Culture. --- GDR's Demise. --- GDR. --- New Critics. --- Socialist Classic. --- Socialist State. --- Socialism and literature --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Political and social views.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

For years one of Germany's foremost cultural organizations, the Werkbund included in its membership such pioneers of the modern movement as Henry van de Velde, Hermann Muthesius, Walter Gropius, and Mies van der Rohe. Joan Campbell traces its history from its founding in 1907 to 1934, when it was absorbed into the bureaucracy of the National Socialist State.The Werkbund set out to prove that organized effort could revitalize the applied arts and architecture. In addition to acting as an agent of reform, it provided a forum for the debate of such broad concerns as the need to restore joy and dignity to work in modem industry.Originally published in 1978.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Decorative arts --- Deutscher Werkbund. --- D.W.B. --- DWB --- Werkbund Estates --- ADAPT. --- Adolf Hitler. --- Adolf Loos. --- Adolf Ziegler. --- Adolf. --- Advanced capitalism. --- Aestheticism. --- Albert Speer. --- Anti-communism. --- Antimilitarism. --- Applied arts. --- Art Nouveau. --- Arthur Moeller van den Bruck. --- Arts and Crafts movement. --- August Endell. --- Baedeker. --- Baghdad Railway. --- Bauhaus. --- Bruno Taut. --- Cultural Bolshevism. --- Cultural hegemony. --- Cultural policy. --- Culture and Society. --- Dada. --- Demagogue. --- Designer. --- Deutsches Museum. --- Enabling act. --- Erich Mendelsohn. --- Ernst May. --- Folk art. --- Friedrich Meinecke. --- Friedrich Naumann. --- Fritz Schumacher (architect). --- Fritz Todt. --- German art. --- Gleichschaltung. --- Great Leap Forward. --- Gropius. --- Handicraft. --- Hans Poelzig. --- Heimatschutz. --- Henry van de Velde. --- Hermann Muthesius. --- Imperialism. --- Individualism. --- Inside the Third Reich. --- Kampfbund. --- Konrad Adenauer. --- Kritik. --- Käthe Kollwitz. --- Ludwig Gies. --- Manifesto. --- Mass production. --- Max Scheler. --- Meistersinger. --- Mitteleuropa. --- Mittelstand. --- Modern architecture. --- Modern art. --- Modernism. --- Modernity. --- Naumann. --- Nazi Party. --- Nazi propaganda. --- Nazism. --- New Objectivity. --- Of Education. --- Otto Dix. --- Patriotism. --- Paul Bonatz. --- Paul Renner. --- Paul Schultze-Naumburg. --- Paul Troost. --- Peter Behrens. --- Posener. --- Pressa. --- Radicalism (historical). --- Reactionary. --- Reichskulturkammer. --- Richard Riemerschmid. --- Robert Ley. --- Romanticism. --- Sigfried Giedion. --- Socialist state. --- Speer. --- Superiority (short story). --- Theodor Fischer (architect). --- Theodor Heuss. --- Totalitarianism. --- Volksgemeinschaft. --- Walter Gropius. --- Walther Rathenau. --- Weimar Republic. --- Werkbund Exhibition (1914). --- Werner Sombart. --- Wilhelm Frick. --- Wilhelm Kreis. --- Wilhelm Wagenfeld.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The first decades of the twentieth century witnessed an explosion of nationalist sentiment in East Asia, as in Europe. This comprehensive work explores how radical Chinese and Japanese thinkers committed to social change in this turbulent era addressed issues concerning national identity, social revolution, and the role of the national state in achieving socio-economic development. Focusing on the adaptation of anarchism and then Marxism-Leninism to non-European contexts, Germaine Hoston shows how Chinese and Japanese theorists attempted to reconcile a relatively new appreciation for the nation-state with their allegiance to a vision of internationalist socialist revolution culminating in stateless socialism. Given the influence of Western experience on Marxism, Chinese and Japanese theorists found the Marxian national question to be not merely one of whether the "working man has no country," but rather the much more fundamental issue of the relative value of Eastern and Western cultures. Marxism, argues Hoston, thus placed native Marxists in tension with their own heritage and national identity. The author traces efforts to resolve this tension throughout the first half of the twentieth century, and concludes by examining how the tension persists, as Chinese and Japanese dissidents seek identity-affirming modernity in accordance with the Western democratic model.

Communism --- Communisme --- China --- Japan --- Chine --- Japon --- Politics and government --- Politique et gouvernement --- S02/0100 --- -Communism --- -Bolshevism --- Communist movements --- Leninism --- Maoism --- Marxism --- Trotskyism --- Collectivism --- Totalitarianism --- Post-communism --- Socialism --- Village communities --- China: General works--China (and Asia) general surveys: before 1949 --- -Politics and government --- -China: General works--China (and Asia) general surveys: before 1949 --- -S02/0100 --- Nihon --- Nippon --- Iapōnia --- Zhāpān --- I︠A︡ponii︠a︡ --- Yapan --- Japão --- Japam --- Mư̄ang Yīpun --- Prathēt Yīpun --- Yīpun --- Jih-pen --- Riben --- Government of Japan --- Cina --- Kinë --- Cathay --- Chinese National Government --- Chung-kuo kuo min cheng fu --- Republic of China (1912-1949) --- Kuo min cheng fu (China : 1912-1949) --- Chung-hua min kuo (1912-1949) --- Kina (China) --- National Government (1912-1949) --- China (Republic : 1912-1949) --- People's Republic of China --- Chinese People's Republic --- Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo --- Central People's Government of Communist China --- Chung yang jen min cheng fu --- Chung-hua chung yang jen min kung ho kuo --- Central Government of the People's Republic of China --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo --- Zhong hua ren min gong he guo --- Kitaĭskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- Činská lidová republika --- RRT --- Republik Rakjat Tiongkok --- KNR --- Kytaĭsʹka Narodna Respublika --- Jumhūriyat al-Ṣīn al-Shaʻbīyah --- RRC --- Kitaĭ --- Kínai Népköztársaság --- Chūka Jinmin Kyōwakoku --- Erets Sin --- Sin --- Sāthāranarat Prachāchon Čhīn --- P.R. China --- PR China --- Chung-kuo --- Zhongguo --- Zhonghuaminguo (1912-1949) --- Zhong guo --- République Populaire de Chine --- República Popular China --- Catay --- VR China --- VRChina --- 中國 --- 中国 --- 中华人民共和国 --- Jhongguó --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaxu Dundadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaqu Dumdadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Dundad Ard Uls --- Khi︠a︡tad --- Kitad --- Dumdadu Ulus --- Dumdad Uls --- Думдад Улс --- Kitajska --- Politische Identität --- Kommunismus --- Nationalismus --- Nationalbewusstsein. --- Marxismus. --- Japan. --- China. --- al-Yābān --- Giappone --- Japani --- Japonia --- Japonsko --- Japonya --- Nihon-koku --- Nihonkoku --- Nippon-koku --- Nipponkoku --- State of Japan --- Yābān --- Япония --- اليابان --- يابان --- 日本 --- 日本国 --- PRC --- P.R.C. --- BNKhAU --- БНХАУ --- China (Republic : 1949- ) --- Activism. --- Agriculture (Chinese mythology). --- Anarchism. --- Anti-imperialism. --- Antonio Gramsci. --- Asiatic mode of production. --- Backwardness. --- Base and superstructure. --- Bolsheviks. --- Bourgeoisie. --- Buddhism. --- Capitalism. --- Capitalist state. --- Chinese nationalism. --- Class conflict. --- Communism. --- Communist International. --- Communist Party of China. --- Communist revolution. --- Communist society. --- Confucianism. --- Counter-revolutionary. --- Criticism. --- Despotism. --- Dictatorship. --- Feudalism. --- For Marx. --- Hegemony. --- Historical materialism. --- Ideology. --- Imperialism. --- Industrialisation. --- Intellectual. --- Japanese Communist Party. --- Japanese nationalism. --- Karl Kautsky. --- Kokutai. --- Kuomintang. --- Labour movement. --- Left-wing politics. --- Legitimacy (political). --- Leninism. --- Leon Trotsky. --- Li Dazhao. --- Mao Zedong. --- Maoism. --- Marx's theory of the state. --- Marxian economics. --- Marxism. --- Marxism–Leninism. --- Marxist philosophy. --- May Fourth Movement. --- Meiji Restoration. --- Meiji period. --- Mode of production. --- Modernity. --- Narodniks. --- Nation state. --- Nationalism. --- Nationality. --- Nikolai Bukharin. --- Orthodox Marxism. --- Political party. --- Political philosophy. --- Political science. --- Politics. --- Populism. --- Proletarian revolution. --- Radicalism (historical). --- Regime. --- Revolutionary movement. --- Revolutionary socialism. --- Russian Revolution. --- Second International. --- Slavery. --- Social class. --- Social democracy. --- Social revolution. --- Socialism with Chinese characteristics. --- Socialist state. --- Sovereignty. --- Soviet Union. --- Stalinism. --- State (polity). --- State capitalism. --- State socialism. --- Statism. --- Sun Yat-sen. --- The Communist Manifesto. --- Trade union. --- Trotskyism. --- Vanguardism. --- Wars of national liberation. --- Western Europe. --- Western world. --- Withering away of the state. --- World War II. --- World revolution. --- Writing. --- Communism - Asia --- Communism - China --- Communism - Japan --- Japan - Politics and government - 1926-1945 --- China - Politics and government - 1912-1949 --- Jepun --- Yapon --- Yapon Ulus --- I︠A︡pon --- Япон --- I︠A︡pon Uls --- Япон Улс --- Nationalbewegung --- Nationalbewusstsein --- Patriotismus --- Marxismus --- Marxismus-Leninismus --- Sozialismus --- Antikommunismus --- Kommunist --- Anarchokommunismus --- Nationale Identität --- Historische Identität --- Identität --- Rotchina --- Zhongguo-Diguo --- Kaiserreich Zhongguo --- Zhonghua-minguo --- Chung-hua-min-kuo --- Zhonghua-Renmin-Gongheguo --- Kaiserreich China --- Shinkoku --- Chung-hua-jen-min-kung-ho-kuo --- Zhonghua --- Volksrepublik China --- Zhonghua renmin gongheguo --- République populaire de Chine --- Kytajsʹkaja Narodnaja Respublika --- Chinese People’s Republic --- Republic of China --- Chung-hua min kuo --- Chinesen --- Taiwan --- Empire du Japon --- Zen-Nihon --- Zenkoku --- Dainihon --- Dainippon --- Japão --- Japaner

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Why did the Soviet Union squander the political leverage afforded by its trade subsidy to Eastern Europe? Why did Soviet officials fail to bargain with resolve, to link subsidies to salient political issues, to make credible commitments, and to monitor the satellites' policies? Using an unprecedented array of formerly secret documents housed in archives in Moscow, Warsaw, and Prague, as well as interviews with former Communist officials across Eastern Europe, Randall Stone answers these questions and others that have long vexed Western political scientists. Stone argues that trade politics revolved around the incentives created by distorted prices. The East European satellites profited by trading on the margin between prices on the Western market and those in the Soviet bloc. The Soviet Union made numerous attempts to reduce its implicit trade subsidy and increase the efficiency of the bloc, but the satellites managed consistently to outmaneuver Soviet negotiators. Stone demonstrates how the East Europeans artfully resisted Soviet objectives. Stone draws upon recent developments in bargaining and principal-agent theory, arguing that the incentives created by domestic institutions weakened Soviet bargaining strategies. In effect, he suggests, perverse incentive structures in the Soviet economy were exported into Soviet foreign policy. Furthermore, Stone argues, incentives to smother information were so deeply entrenched that they frustrated numerous attempts to reform Soviet institutions.

Trade adjustment assistance --- 815 Geschiedenis --- 830 Economie --- 831.1 Handelspolitiek --- 836 (Multi-)nationale ondernemingen --- 841 Politiek Bestel --- 841.5 Bestuur en beleid --- 884.1 Oost-Europa --- Adjustment assistance, Trade --- Domestic adjustment assistance --- Europe, Eastern --- East Europe --- Eastern Europe --- Foreign economic relations --- Foreign relations --- Commercial policy --- Economic assistance, Domestic --- Foreign trade and employment --- Manpower policy --- Subsidies --- relations internationales --- relations economiques internationales --- Aide à l'ajustement de la commercialisation --- URSS --- Europe de l'Est --- Pologne --- Hongrie --- Tchecoslovaquie --- Relations economiques exterieures --- Politique economique --- Accountability. --- Accounting. --- Adverse selection. --- Adviser. --- Balance of trade. --- Bargaining power. --- Behalf. --- Bilateral trade. --- Capitalism. --- Case study. --- Central Committee. --- Chairman. --- Comecon. --- Commodity. --- Consideration. --- Construction. --- Consumer Goods. --- Credibility. --- Currency. --- Czechoslovakia. --- Debt. --- East Germany. --- Eastern Bloc. --- Eastern Europe. --- Economic development. --- Economic integration. --- Economic planning. --- Economic policy. --- Economics. --- Economist. --- Economy of Poland. --- Economy of the Soviet Union. --- Economy. --- Employment. --- Exchange rate. --- Export. --- Foreign direct investment. --- Foreign policy. --- Gosplan. --- Government budget. --- Grand strategy. --- Hard currency. --- Ideology. --- Implementation. --- Incentive. --- Information asymmetry. --- Institution. --- International Monetary Fund. --- International relations. --- Investment. --- Iron ore. --- Joint venture. --- Liberalization. --- Market price. --- Mikhail Gorbachev. --- Multilateralism. --- Negotiation. --- Nikolai Baibakov. --- Obstacle. --- Payment. --- Perestroika. --- Perverse incentive. --- Planned economy. --- Planning Commission (India). --- Planning. --- Policy. --- Politburo. --- Politics. --- Position paper. --- Pricing. --- Principal–agent problem. --- Proclamation. --- Productive capacity. --- Quality control. --- Quantity. --- Raw material. --- Receipt. --- Regulation. --- Requirement. --- Research and development. --- Ruble. --- Scarcity. --- Second World. --- Shortage. --- Socialist economics. --- Socialist state. --- Soviet Union. --- Strategy. --- Subsidy. --- Supply (economics). --- Supply and demand. --- Tax. --- Technical progress (economics). --- Technology. --- Trade-off. --- Treaty. --- Uncertainty. --- Wojciech Jaruzelski. --- Working group. --- World economy. --- Советский Союз --- Ber. ha-M. --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- ZSRR --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Sowieckich --- ZSRS --- Szovjetunió --- TSRS --- Tarybų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjunga --- SRSR --- Soi︠u︡z Radi︠a︡nsʹkykh Sot︠s︡ialistychnykh Respublik --- SSSR --- Soi︠u︡z Sovetskikh Sot︠s︡ialisticheskikh Respublik --- UdSSR --- Shūravī --- Ittiḥād-i Jamāhīr-i Ishtirākīyah-i Shūrāʼīyah --- Russia (1923- U.S.S.R.) --- Sovetskiy Soyuz --- Soyuz SSR --- Sovetskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- Soi︠u︡z SSR --- Uni Sovjet --- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics --- USSR --- SSṚM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Ṛespublikaneri Miutʻyun --- SSHM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Hanrapetutʻyunneri Miutʻyun --- Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas --- Berit ha-Moʻatsot --- Rusyah --- Ittiḥād al-Sūfiyītī --- Rusiyah --- Rusland --- Soṿet-Rusland --- Uni Soviet --- Union soviétique --- Zȯvlȯlt Kholboot Uls --- Związek Radziecki --- ESSD --- Sahaphāp Sōwīat --- KhSHM --- SSR Kavširi --- Russland --- SNTL --- PSRS --- Su-lien --- Sobhieṭ Ẏuniẏana --- FSSR --- Unione Sovietica --- Ittiḥād-i Shūravī --- Soviyat Yūniyan --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- Č.S.R. --- C.S.R.S. --- Č.S.S.R. --- Cecoslovacchia --- Ceho-Slovacia --- Čehoslovakija --- Česká a Slovenská Federatívna Republika --- Česká a Slovenská Federativní Republika --- Češkoslovaška --- Československa republika --- Československá socialistická republika --- Československo --- Checoslovaquia --- Chekhoslovakii︠a︡ --- Chekhoslovat︠s︡kai︠a︡ Sot︠s︡ialisticheskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Chieh-kʻo-ssu-lo-fa-kʻo --- Chieh-kʻo-ssu-lo-fa-kʻo she hui chu i kung ho kuo --- ChSFR --- ChSSR --- Cseh-Szlovákia --- Csehszlovákia --- ČSFR --- ČSR --- CSRS --- ČSSR --- Czech and Slovak Federal Republic --- Czecho-Slovakia --- Czechoslovak Socialist Republic --- Czechosłowacja --- Republika československa --- Tchécoslovaquie --- Tschechische Sozialistische Republik --- Tschechoslowakei --- Tsechoslobakia --- Tsechoslovakia --- Ts'ekhoslovaḳyah --- Tshīkūslūfākiyā --- Tsjechoslowakije --- Tsjekkoslovakia --- Czech Republic --- Slovakia --- Dēmokratia tēs Oungarias --- Gweriniaeth Hwngari --- Hanekeria --- Hangarī --- Hongaarse Republiek --- Hongaria --- Hongarije --- Hongarye --- Hŏnggari --- Hongria --- Honharije --- Hunakalia --- Hungara Respubliko --- Hungari --- Hungaria --- Hungariako Errepublika --- Hungarian Republic --- Hungariar Errepublika --- Hungario --- Hungarujo --- Hungaryah --- Hungría --- Hungrii --- Hwngari --- Jamhuri ya Hungaria --- Lepulika o Hungary --- Lýðveldið Ungverjaland --- Macaristan --- Macaristan Cumhuriyeti --- Macarıstan Respublikası --- Mađarska --- Mad̕arská republika --- Maďarsko --- Madi︠a︡rshchyna --- Madjaristan --- Madžarska --- Madźary --- Madzhar --- Madzhar Respublika --- Magyar Köztársaság (Republic) --- Magyar Népköztársaság --- Magyar Republic --- Magyar Tanácsköztársaság --- Magyarország (Republic) --- Majarstan Jȯmḣu̇rii︠a︡te --- Majoriston --- Mazharstan --- Mazharstan Respublikasy --- Ohorsʹka Respublika --- Ongaria --- Ongiri --- Ongria --- Oonguri --- Oungaria --- Oгорська Республіка --- Pobblaght ny h-Ungaar --- Poblacht na hUngáire --- Republic of Hungary --- República da Hungria --- República de Hungría --- República d'Hongria --- Republica d'Ongria --- Republica Ungară --- Republica Ungaria --- Republica Ungrese --- Republiek van Hongarye --- Republik bu Oonguri --- Republik Hongaria --- Republik Ungarn --- Republika e Hungarisë --- Republika Mađarska --- Republika Madžarska --- Republika ng Unggarya --- Republika Ungarija --- Republika Węgierska --- Republikang Unggaro --- Republiken Ungern --- Republikken Ungarn --- République de Hongrie --- Repúvlika de Madjaristan --- Respublica Hungarica --- Tjóðveldið Ungarn --- Tlācatlahtohcāyōtl Hungria --- Uhorshchyna --- Uhorsʹka Respublika --- Ungaar --- Ungaïa --- Ungáir --- Ungar --- Ungari --- Ungari Vabariik --- Ungaria --- Ungarii︠a︡ --- Ungārija --- Ungārijas Republika --- Ungarn --- Ungarskata republika --- Ungerija --- Ungern --- Unggarya --- Unggriya --- Ungheria --- Unghirìa --- Ungri --- Ungverjaland --- Unkari --- Unkarin tasavalta --- V.N.R. --- Vengerskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- Vengerskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Vengrėjė --- Vengrėjės Respoblėka --- Vengrii︠a︡ --- Vengrii︠a︡ Respublikasy --- Vengrija --- Vengrijos respublika --- Vengriya --- Vengriya Respublikasi --- Venhryi︠a︡ --- VNR --- Węgry --- Xiongyali --- Xiongyali gong he guo --- Xiongyali Gongheguo --- Ουγγαρία --- Δημοκρατία της Ουγγαρίας --- Република Унгарија --- Република Мађарска --- Унгар --- Унгарската република --- Унгария --- Унгарија --- Угорська Республіка --- Угорщина --- Мажарстан --- Мажарстан Республикасы --- Мађарска --- Мадярщина --- Маджар --- Маджар Республика --- Венгрыя --- Венгрия --- Венгрия Республикасы --- Венгерская Республика --- אונגארן --- רפובליקא דא מאגיאדיסטאן --- מאגיאדיסטאן --- הונגריה --- ハンガリー --- 匈牙利 --- 匈牙利共和國 --- 헝가리 --- Austro-Hungarian Monarchy --- Poyln --- Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa --- Polʹsha --- P.N.R. --- P.R.L. --- Polish Commonwealth --- Polonia --- Warsaw (Duchy) --- Polska --- Polsko --- T︠S︡arstvo Polʹskoe --- Królestwo Polskie --- Polʹskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- PNR --- PRL --- Poljska --- Lehastan --- Polin --- Būlūniyā --- Polonyah --- République populaire de Pologne --- Polen --- Ppolsŭkka --- Polish People's Republic --- Republic of Poland --- Poland (Territory under German occupation, 1939-1945) --- Generalgouvernement (Poland) --- Generalne Gubernatorstwo (Poland) --- General Government (Poland) --- Heneralʹna hubernii︠a︡ (Poland) --- Rzeczpospolita Polska --- Polish Republic --- Congress Kingdom of Poland --- Congress Poland --- Królestwo Kongresowe Polskie --- Kongresówka --- Kingdom of Poland --- Lahistān --- لهستان --- Polandia --- Полшэ --- Polshė --- Pole --- Republiek van Pole --- Republik Pole --- Polaland --- Polisce Cynewise --- Полша --- Полониа --- بولندا --- Būlandā --- Polóña --- Tavakuairetã Polóña --- Польша --- Puluña --- Ripublika Puluña --- Polşa --- Polşa Respublikası --- Pulandia --- Ripublik Pulandia --- Pho-lân --- Pho-lân Kiōng-hô-kok --- Польшча --- Polʹshcha --- Рэспубліка Польшча --- Rėspublika Polʹshcha --- Polonya --- Република Полша --- Republika Polsha --- Poin --- Republika Poljska --- Польшо --- Polʹsho --- Bu̇gėdė Naĭramdakha Polʹsho Ulas --- Polská republika --- Polaki --- Gwlad Pwyl --- Gweriniaeth Gwlad Pwyl --- Republikken Polen --- Republik Polen --- Poola --- Poola Vabariik --- Πολωνία --- Pulógna --- Польша Мастор --- Polʹsha Mastor --- República de Polonia --- Pollando --- Respubliko Pollando --- Repúbrica de Poloña --- Poloniako Errepublika --- Pólland --- République de Pologne --- Poalen --- Poloonya --- Polonie --- An Pholainn --- Pholainn --- Poblacht na Polainne --- Yn Pholynn --- Pholynn --- Pobblaght ny Polynn --- A' Phòlainn --- Poblachd na Pòlainn --- Borandi --- Pô-làn --- Польшин Орн --- Polʹshin Orn --- 폴란드 --- P'ollandŭ --- Pōlani --- Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth --- Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania --- Commonwealth of Poland --- Lehastani Hanrapetutʻyun --- Польшæ --- Polʹshæ --- Польшæйы Республикæ --- Polʹshæĭy Respublikæ --- IPoland --- IPolandi --- Lýðveldið Pólland --- Repubblica di Polonia --- פולין --- רפובליקת פולין --- Republiḳat Polin --- Poleni --- Kunngiitsuuffik Poleni --- Pòlskô Repùblika --- Poloni --- Polonye --- Polòy --- Puoleja --- Puolejis Republika --- Polija --- Polijas Republika --- Lenkija --- Lenkijos Respublika --- Polsca --- Republica de Polsca --- Pol'šu --- Polskas --- Bupoolo --- Bupolska --- Ripablik kya Bupoolo --- Lengyelország --- Lengyel Köztársaság --- General Government for Occupied Polish Territories --- Lithuania (Grand Duchy) --- BNUU --- БНУУ --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Ungar Uls --- Ajustement de la commercialisation, Aide à l' --- Commerce international et emploi --- Politique de l'emploi --- Subventions --- Commerce extérieur --- Aide au développement économique régional --- Politique commerciale --- Politique industrielle --- Droit --- Soiouz Sovetskikh sotsialistitcheskikh respoublik --- Sojuz Sovetskih Socialističeskih Respublik --- Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques --- Union soviétique --- Ex-URSS --- Pays de la CEI --- Russie --- Asie --- Europe --- Československo --- République tchèque --- Slovaquie --- Magyarország --- Autriche-Hongrie --- Alföld (Hongrie) --- Europe du Centre-Est --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- Opinion publique polonaise --- Pays slaves --- Groupe de Visegrad --- Civilisation --- Conditions économiques --- Conditions sociales --- Histoire --- Moeurs et coutumes --- Politique et gouvernement --- Relations extérieures --- Vie intellectuelle --- Divisions politiques et administratives --- Antiquités --- Étude et enseignement --- Frontières