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Several problems related to violence, grievances, and states’ lack of legitimacy and capacity to manage economic, social, and political issues are clustered together as an interactive structure in the Middle East and Northern Africa (MENA) region. The effect of one of these problems is difficult to identify in the absence of analyses of the others. Global generalisations on the effects of these problems can bring us closer to the understanding of state fragility and the associated problems in the MENA region, although the study of MENA specifically also reveals region- and sub-region-specific features. Some of them pertain to the MENA region only, whereas others help develop the understanding and sophistication of global generalisations. This book offers a much-needed overview and several explanations on the otherwise confusing triangular problems of state fragility, grievance, and conflict, focusing on one of the conflict hotspots of the world. It compiles expertise on the triangular relationship between fragility, grievances, and conflict of an international MENA Social Policy Network. In addition to the analyses, two datasets are referenced, on which some of the book’s chapters are based.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- state fragility --- conflict --- MENA --- Middle East --- failed states --- weak states --- conflict fatalities --- corruption --- informal employment --- social security --- state effectiveness --- Maghreb countries --- individual preferences --- discrete choice model --- Arab Spring --- participation --- protesting --- probit model --- Iraq --- terrorism --- violent extremism --- Social Identity --- threat --- fragmentation --- grievances --- Shia --- Sunni --- factionalism --- rebel governance --- Hamas --- Gaza --- Palestine --- informal institutions --- social contract --- social protection --- Middle East and North Africa --- state–society relations --- protection --- provision --- government legitimacy --- service delivery --- state legitimacy --- social policy --- social expenditure --- mediation --- PH theory --- Israel --- ripeness --- subsidy reform --- Middle East and North Africa (MENA) --- Morocco --- Egypt --- Iran --- political participation --- n/a --- state-society relations

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Several problems related to violence, grievances, and states’ lack of legitimacy and capacity to manage economic, social, and political issues are clustered together as an interactive structure in the Middle East and Northern Africa (MENA) region. The effect of one of these problems is difficult to identify in the absence of analyses of the others. Global generalisations on the effects of these problems can bring us closer to the understanding of state fragility and the associated problems in the MENA region, although the study of MENA specifically also reveals region- and sub-region-specific features. Some of them pertain to the MENA region only, whereas others help develop the understanding and sophistication of global generalisations. This book offers a much-needed overview and several explanations on the otherwise confusing triangular problems of state fragility, grievance, and conflict, focusing on one of the conflict hotspots of the world. It compiles expertise on the triangular relationship between fragility, grievances, and conflict of an international MENA Social Policy Network. In addition to the analyses, two datasets are referenced, on which some of the book’s chapters are based.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- state fragility --- conflict --- MENA --- Middle East --- failed states --- weak states --- conflict fatalities --- corruption --- informal employment --- social security --- state effectiveness --- Maghreb countries --- individual preferences --- discrete choice model --- Arab Spring --- participation --- protesting --- probit model --- Iraq --- terrorism --- violent extremism --- Social Identity --- threat --- fragmentation --- grievances --- Shia --- Sunni --- factionalism --- rebel governance --- Hamas --- Gaza --- Palestine --- informal institutions --- social contract --- social protection --- Middle East and North Africa --- state-society relations --- protection --- provision --- government legitimacy --- service delivery --- state legitimacy --- social policy --- social expenditure --- mediation --- PH theory --- Israel --- ripeness --- subsidy reform --- Middle East and North Africa (MENA) --- Morocco --- Egypt --- Iran --- political participation --- state fragility --- conflict --- MENA --- Middle East --- failed states --- weak states --- conflict fatalities --- corruption --- informal employment --- social security --- state effectiveness --- Maghreb countries --- individual preferences --- discrete choice model --- Arab Spring --- participation --- protesting --- probit model --- Iraq --- terrorism --- violent extremism --- Social Identity --- threat --- fragmentation --- grievances --- Shia --- Sunni --- factionalism --- rebel governance --- Hamas --- Gaza --- Palestine --- informal institutions --- social contract --- social protection --- Middle East and North Africa --- state-society relations --- protection --- provision --- government legitimacy --- service delivery --- state legitimacy --- social policy --- social expenditure --- mediation --- PH theory --- Israel --- ripeness --- subsidy reform --- Middle East and North Africa (MENA) --- Morocco --- Egypt --- Iran --- political participation

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Income tax deductions for expenses --- Income tax --- Impôt sur le revenu --- Law and legislation --- Déductions --- Dépenses --- Droit --- BPB0908 --- Coût social --- Impôt --- Belgique --- BE / Belgium - België - Belgique --- 332.3 --- 332.10 --- 336.204 --- 336.212.1 --- bedrijfslasten --- aftrek --- réduction d'impôt --- 336.214 --- Sociale lasten --- Belasting --- België --- Sociale lasten. --- Betrekkingen tussen werkgevers en werknemers. Organisatie van de arbeidsverhoudingen in de industrie: algemeenheden. --- weerslag, invloed, last en verdeling van de belasting. --- Belastingen op de bedrijfsinkomsten --- charges professionnelles --- deduction --- belastingvermindering --- Belastingstelsel van de genootschappen. --- Impôt sur le revenu --- Déductions --- Dépenses --- Taxation --- Belgium --- Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Bélgica --- Belgija --- Belgien --- Belgie --- Belgicko --- Beļģija --- Белгија --- Belgio --- Белгия --- Belgia --- il-Belġju --- An Bheilg --- Βέλγιο --- Belgjika --- Belgia Kuningriik --- Beļģijas Karaliste --- Royaume de Belgique --- Belgian kuningaskunta --- Belgické kráľovstvo --- Koninkrijk België --- Belgijos Karalystė --- das Königreich Belgien --- Βασίλειο του Βελγίου --- Kingdom of Belgium --- Кралство Белгија --- Краљевина Белгија --- Belgické království --- Reino de Bélgica --- ir-Renju tal-Belġju --- Regatul Belgiei --- Kongeriget Belgien --- Кралство Белгия --- Mbretëria e Belgjikës --- Belga Királyság --- Królestwo Belgii --- Konungariket Belgien --- Reino da Bélgica --- Kraljevina Belgija --- Regno del Belgio --- skatt --- tatim --- данок --- porez --- nodoklis --- данък --- mokestis --- tax --- daň --- imposto --- impozit --- φόρος --- imposta --- порез --- impuesto --- taxxa --- skat --- podatek --- vero --- Steuer --- adó --- maks --- belasting --- davek --- apmokestinimo norma --- Abgabe --- даночна стапка --- skattesats --- aliquota d'imposizione --- јавна давачка --- miera zdanenia --- maksumäär --- tipo de gravamen --- taxa fiscal --- verokanta --- az adózás mértéke --- porezna stopa --- gravamen fiscal --- finansiel ordning --- taxe fiscale --- maksustamismäär --- Steuersatz --- daňová sazba --- оданочување --- taxa de imposição --- fiskal avgift --- beskatningsprocent --- tasa --- taux d'imposition --- adómérték --- cotă de impozitare --- sadzba dane --- tasso d'imposizione --- φορολογικά τέλη --- Steuerschuld --- míra zdanění --- φορολογικός συντελεστής --- canone fiscale --- belastingtarief --- contribución --- rate of taxation --- fiscale retributie --- shkallë e tatimit --- illeték --- belastingschijf --- tarifa impositiva --- veroprosentti --- tipo impositivo --- nodokļa likme --- imposizione fiscale --- járulék --- shkallë tatimore --- tax rate --- taxă fiscală --- mokesčio norma --- tributo --- трошкови социјалне политике --- sociale udgifter --- koszty społeczne --- coste social --- socialinės sąnaudos --- социална цена --- κοινωνικό κόστος --- troškovi socijalne politike --- social cost --- cost social --- sotsiaalkulud --- socialkostnad --- társadalmi költség --- kosto sociale --- sociálne náklady --- sociale lasten --- costo sociale --- sociální náklady --- sociālie zaudējumi --- socialni stroški --- sosiaalimenot --- Sozialkosten --- custo social --- трошоци на социјалната политика --- kost soċjali --- sociální výdaje --- social expenditure --- socijalni izdatak --- izdevumi sociālām vajadzībām --- socialinės išlaidos --- sotsiaalkulutused --- dépense sociale --- ФЗЗ --- κοινωνικές δαπάνες --- трошоци за социјална заштита --- социјални давачки --- sociale uitgaven --- soziale Aufwendung --- despesas sociais --- Фонд за пензиско и инвалидско осигурување на Македонија --- shpenzime sociale --- Фонд за ПИОМ --- Sozialausgabe --- Soziallast --- sociālās izmaksas --- social utgift --- cheltuieli sociale --- szociális kiadás --- gasto social --- Фонд за здравствена заштита --- spesa sociale --- sociale omkostninger --- Betrekkingen tussen werkgevers en werknemers. Organisatie van de arbeidsverhoudingen in de industrie: algemeenheden --- weerslag, invloed, last en verdeling van de belasting --- Belastingstelsel van de genootschappen --- imposta (tassa) --- cáin --- costas sóisialta --- Coût social --- Impôt --- DROIT FISCAL --- Impôt sur les revenus --- BELGIQUE --- Impôt des personnes physiques --- Assiette --- Frais professionnels --- Dispenses déductibles --- Etablissement et recouvrement --- Investigation et contrôle