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Capitalism --- Protestant work ethic. --- Religious aspects --- Protestant churches. --- the protestant ethic --- the spirit of capitalism --- the social effects of capitalism

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The information that comes through digital media and social networks is increasing. This potential access to almost infinite information makes it difficult to select relevant content with a good understanding. It is therefore necessary to generate research that thoroughly analyses the phenomenon of communication and information in the digital age. For this reason, this monograph presents different research studies that highlight the need for greater media literacy and education in order to prevent the existence and dissemination of fake news. Citizens must know how to deal with disinformation and be able to detect the source of bad intentions behind information. Therefore, people need to be aware of the new communication challenges in order to determine what is important, which media they can trust, and where information has been misused or manipulated. In conclusion, society must be prepared to face new challenges related to misinformation. An educated and digitally literate society will be able to face these problems and be prepared to face the new communication challenges, including interaction with social networks, new audiences, new media, fake news, etc.

Research & information: general --- Relacions amb els clients --- Direcció i administració --- digital literacy --- COVID-19 --- generation Z --- students --- lockdown --- higher education --- communication --- Instagram --- demonization --- hate speech --- arab world --- Islamophobia --- social media --- fake news --- young adults --- Spain --- post-trust --- disinformation --- trust --- media credibility --- gatekeepers --- management communication --- strategic communication --- public relations --- journalism --- sport press --- Marca --- As --- Mundo Deportivo --- sport --- rumor --- signing --- transfer --- Real Madrid --- Barcelona --- journalistic rumor --- fashion marketing --- fashion brands --- content analysis --- Facebook --- branded content --- engagement --- social networks --- political bias --- left–right dimension --- misinformation --- media --- consumption --- Generation Z --- young people --- media literacy --- science education --- human evolution --- communication media --- Spanish media --- science communication --- knowledge --- didactic video --- storytelling --- digital media --- YouTube --- virtual learning --- digital marketing --- innovation --- high education --- information --- hoaxes --- citizen perceptions --- social media and new challenges --- fact checkers --- fact-checking agency --- the United Kingdom --- fact-checking services --- business model --- business key elements --- responsibility in young people in Spain --- credibility --- social effects --- communication solutions --- educational influencers --- new audiences --- transmedia production --- descriptive analysis --- methodology --- online community --- questionnaires --- vulnerability

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The information that comes through digital media and social networks is increasing. This potential access to almost infinite information makes it difficult to select relevant content with a good understanding. It is therefore necessary to generate research that thoroughly analyses the phenomenon of communication and information in the digital age. For this reason, this monograph presents different research studies that highlight the need for greater media literacy and education in order to prevent the existence and dissemination of fake news. Citizens must know how to deal with disinformation and be able to detect the source of bad intentions behind information. Therefore, people need to be aware of the new communication challenges in order to determine what is important, which media they can trust, and where information has been misused or manipulated. In conclusion, society must be prepared to face new challenges related to misinformation. An educated and digitally literate society will be able to face these problems and be prepared to face the new communication challenges, including interaction with social networks, new audiences, new media, fake news, etc.

Research & information: general --- Relacions amb els clients --- digital literacy --- COVID-19 --- generation Z --- students --- lockdown --- higher education --- communication --- Instagram --- demonization --- hate speech --- arab world --- Islamophobia --- social media --- fake news --- young adults --- Spain --- post-trust --- disinformation --- trust --- media credibility --- gatekeepers --- management communication --- strategic communication --- public relations --- journalism --- sport press --- Marca --- As --- Mundo Deportivo --- sport --- rumor --- signing --- transfer --- Real Madrid --- Barcelona --- journalistic rumor --- fashion marketing --- fashion brands --- content analysis --- Facebook --- branded content --- engagement --- social networks --- political bias --- left–right dimension --- misinformation --- media --- consumption --- Generation Z --- young people --- media literacy --- science education --- human evolution --- communication media --- Spanish media --- science communication --- knowledge --- didactic video --- storytelling --- digital media --- YouTube --- virtual learning --- digital marketing --- innovation --- high education --- information --- hoaxes --- citizen perceptions --- social media and new challenges --- fact checkers --- fact-checking agency --- the United Kingdom --- fact-checking services --- business model --- business key elements --- responsibility in young people in Spain --- credibility --- social effects --- communication solutions --- educational influencers --- new audiences --- transmedia production --- descriptive analysis --- methodology --- online community --- questionnaires --- vulnerability --- Direcció i administració --- digital literacy --- COVID-19 --- generation Z --- students --- lockdown --- higher education --- communication --- Instagram --- demonization --- hate speech --- arab world --- Islamophobia --- social media --- fake news --- young adults --- Spain --- post-trust --- disinformation --- trust --- media credibility --- gatekeepers --- management communication --- strategic communication --- public relations --- journalism --- sport press --- Marca --- As --- Mundo Deportivo --- sport --- rumor --- signing --- transfer --- Real Madrid --- Barcelona --- journalistic rumor --- fashion marketing --- fashion brands --- content analysis --- Facebook --- branded content --- engagement --- social networks --- political bias --- left–right dimension --- misinformation --- media --- consumption --- Generation Z --- young people --- media literacy --- science education --- human evolution --- communication media --- Spanish media --- science communication --- knowledge --- didactic video --- storytelling --- digital media --- YouTube --- virtual learning --- digital marketing --- innovation --- high education --- information --- hoaxes --- citizen perceptions --- social media and new challenges --- fact checkers --- fact-checking agency --- the United Kingdom --- fact-checking services --- business model --- business key elements --- responsibility in young people in Spain --- credibility --- social effects --- communication solutions --- educational influencers --- new audiences --- transmedia production --- descriptive analysis --- methodology --- online community --- questionnaires --- vulnerability

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The purpose of the Special Issue was to collect the results of research and experience on the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for the energy sector and the energy market, broadly understood, that were visible after a year. In particular, the impact of COVID-19 on the energy sector in the EU, including Poland, and the US was examined. The topics concerned various issues, e.g., the situation of energy companies, including those listed on the stock exchange, mining companies, and those dealing with renewable energy. The topics related to the development of electromobility, managerial competences, energy expenditure of local government units, sustainable development of energy, and energy poverty during a pandemic were also discussed.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- energy manager --- competences --- labor market --- energy industry --- COVID-19 --- decarbonizing transport --- energy efficiency --- electrify transport --- zero-emissions vehicles --- sustainable transport --- electric car charging points --- novel coronavirus pandemic --- alternative energy --- stock market sectors --- stock market companies --- energy --- energy company --- efficiency --- financial analysis --- pandemic --- environmental protection --- environmental problems --- greenhouse gas --- particulate matter (PM) --- renewable energy --- corruption --- electromobility --- companies in the Transport-Shipping-Logistics Sector --- pandemic-COVID-19 --- development --- self-government units --- energy consumption --- monitoring --- energy consumption effectiveness --- sustainable energy development --- households --- OPEC --- crude price --- volatility --- storage crisis --- futures --- shale --- electric vehicles market and policy --- electric vehicles --- purchase intention --- e-mobility --- consumers preferences --- consumer decision making --- social values --- delay discounting --- cultural factors --- economic factors --- machine learning methods --- sustainability --- energy poverty --- economic uncertainty --- energy policy --- policy measures --- reducing energy intensity --- ranking of countries’ energy intensity --- multi-criteria analysis --- sectors of the economy --- economic effects of the pandemic --- social effects of the pandemic --- countries of Western Europe --- countries of Central and Eastern Europe --- mining sector --- initiatives and adaptation measures --- economic situation --- COVID-19 pandemic --- fossil fuel energy --- carbon dioxide emissions --- nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model --- frequency domain causality test --- Markow switching regression --- photovoltaics --- pandemics --- changes in energetic balance due to COVID-19 --- renewable sources of energy during pandemics --- United States --- energy sector --- fossil fuel --- emissions --- expenditures