Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper focuses on the estimation of skill/industry premiums and labor force composition at the national and sector levels in seven East Asian countries with the objective of providing a comprehensive analysis of trends in demand for skills in the region. The paper addresses the following questions: Are there converging or diverging trends in the region regarding the evolution of skill premiums and labor force composition? Are changes in skill premiums generalized or industry-related? How have industry premiums evolved? The analysis uses labor and household surveys going back at least 10 years. The main trends emerging from the analysis are: (a) increasing proportions of skilled/educated workers over the long run across the region; (b) generally increasing demand for skills in the region; (c) the service sector has become the most important driver of demand for skills for all countries (except Thailand); (d) countries can be broadly categorized into three groups in relation to trends and patterns of demand for skills (Indonesia, Philippines, and Thailand; Vietnam and China; and Cambodia and Mongolia); and (e) industry premiums have increased in three countries of the region (Philippines, Thailand, and Cambodia). These trends point to several policy implications, including that governments should focus on policies promoting access to education to address the increasing demand for skills and/or persistent skill shortages; support general rather than specific curricula given broad-based increases in skill premiums in most countries; better tailor curriculum design and content and pedagogical approaches to the needs of the service sector; and target some social protection programs to unskilled workers to protect them from the "unequalizing" impact of education.

Drivers --- Education --- Education For All --- Household surveys --- Income inequalities --- Jobs --- Labor demand --- Labor force --- Labor market --- Labor market segmentation --- Labor Markets --- Labor reallocation --- Productivity growth --- Secondary Education --- Service sector --- Skill premiums --- Skill shortages --- Skill upgrading --- Skill-biased technologies --- Skilled labor --- Social Protections and Labor --- Tertiary Education --- Unskilled workers --- Wage premiums --- Water and Industry --- Water Resources --- Workers

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper examines whether the increased openness and technological innovation in East Asia have contributed to an increased demand for skills in the region. The author explores a unique firm level data set across eight countries in Asia and the Pacific region. The results strongly support the idea that greater openness and technological innovation have increased the demand for skills, especially in middle-income countries. In particular, while the presence in international markets has been skill enhancing for most middle-income countries, this is not the case for manufacturing firms operating in China and in low-income countries. The author interprets this to support the premise that if international integration in the region continues to intensify and technology continues to be skilled biased, policies aimed at mitigating the skills shortages should produce continual and persistent increase in skills.

E-Business --- Emerging Markets --- Employee --- Employment --- Firm level --- Foreign ownership --- Income inequality --- Industry --- International markets --- Job vacancies --- Labor Markets --- Labor markets --- Labor Policies --- Labor supply --- Occupational classification --- Private Sector Development --- Skill shortages --- Skill upgrading --- Skilled labor --- Skilled workers --- Social Protections and Labor --- Technology Industry --- Total employment --- Unskilled labor --- Unskilled workers --- Wage premium --- Wage premiums --- Worker

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Today's news media displays an intense fascination with the global economy--and for good reason. The degree of worldwide economic integration is unprecedented, and rising globalization has lifted living standards and reduced poverty. Foreign markets and new technologies continue to present opportunities for entrepreneurs and corporations. Still, economic shocks can spread across the world in minutes, impacting billions of lives. Citizens are understandably anxious in this age of macroeconomic turbulence and overextended governments. Modern economics offers a powerful framework for understanding globalization, international trade, and economic growth. Many managers possess years of hands-on experience dealing with business cycles and foreign competitive pressures, yet these leaders may not have a solid grounding in economic concepts that shed light on the forces of globalization. This book explains economics in everyday language, using little or no math, giving businesspersons better tools to interpret current events as well as long-term economic and political developments.

International economic relations. --- Globalization. --- economics --- human capital --- financial crisis --- macroeconomics --- comparative advantage --- absolute advantage --- emerging economy --- international trade --- business strategy --- economic growth --- economic history --- international economics --- political economy --- economic development --- industrialization --- labor market --- convergence --- New World --- mercantilism --- Industrial Revolution --- productivity --- technology --- capital control --- intellectual property --- research and development --- productivity slowdown --- Adam Smith --- factor proportions model --- gravity model --- infant industry --- import substitution --- Asian Tiger --- trade policy --- tariff --- public choice --- rent seeking --- trade agreement --- free trade --- liberalization --- information and communications technology --- vertical integration --- supply chain --- poverty trap --- big push --- coordination failure --- industrial policy --- diversification --- value added --- managerial capital --- skill biased technological change --- population growth --- wage inequality --- middle income trap --- tradable sector --- offshoring --- outsourcing --- foreign direct investment --- skill upgrading --- immigration --- wage structure --- regulation --- competitiveness --- corruption --- democracy --- autocracy --- socialism --- communism --- controlled capitalism --- gold standard --- natural resource curse --- business cycle --- collective bargaining --- social insurance --- safety net --- labor union --- Washington Consensus --- multinational enterprise --- exchange rate --- sweatshop --- spillover --- human rights --- labor standard --- property rights --- Dutch disease --- extractive industry --- negative externality --- pollution haven --- greenhouse gas --- global warming --- climate change