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This work deals with the experimental investigation of the mechanical properties of nanowires. Experiments are conducted in a dedicated system inside the electron microscope. The mechanical response of various material systems is probed, the underlying deformation mechanisms are elucidated and subsequently put into context with mechanical size effects.

Size-Effect --- Scanning-Electron Microscopy --- mechanical Properties --- Nanowires --- Nanotechnology

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This book is a contribution to the further development of gradient plasticity. Several open questions are addressed, where the efficient numerical implementation is particularly focused on. Thebook inspects an equivalent plastic strain gradient plasticity theory and a grain boundary yield model. Experiments can successfully be reproduced. The hardening model is based on dislocation densities evolving according to partial differential equations taking into account dislocation transport.

Größeneffekt --- crystals --- hardening --- Plastizität --- Verfestigung --- Kristalle --- plasticity --- Versetzungen --- size effect --- Dislocations

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The United Kingdom offers the opportunity to study the tax-loss selling hypothesis in a country where the tax year-end and fiscal laws differ from the United States. In this thesis, we studied the relationship between the potential seasonality of the Size effect and the tax-loss selling hypothesis in this particular country. Furthermore, we covered the period between January 2004 and December 2020, after the Finance Act of 1998 that aimed to reduce tax-loss selling incentives.

In order to investigate our research question, we applied multifactor models and statistical tools to demonstrate whether a Size effect was present in the UK and whether it exhibited seasonal patterns. Moreover, in the light of recent findings, we examined whether quality may revive the Size effect. Finally, we investigated throughout this document whether our findings were consistent with the tax-loss selling hypothesis given the specificities of the United Kingdom.

Our findings indicated that, although a Size effect may have been present in the UK market during the period studied, we did not uncover robust evidence of its seasonality outside the smallest size decile. Indeed, our smallest decile portfolio was the only one that exhibited a seasonal pattern consistent with the tax-loss selling hypothesis in April. Following our study of decile portfolios, we found evidence of a Size effect for our SMB factor throughout the year but no robust evidence of its seasonality. Even when we controlled for quality, as in Asness et al. (2018), we noticed an improvement in the SMB alpha throughout the year and a lack of evidence regarding its seasonality.

Therefore, we could not find sufficient evidence to support a tax-loss selling hypothesis as a rationale behind the overall Size effect, in the UK market, during the period studied, except for a portfolio composed of the tiniest and most illiquid stocks.

Tax-loss selling --- Size effect --- Seasonality --- April effect --- Quality --- United Kingdom --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Finance

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In the oral environment, restorative and prosthetic materials and appliances are exposed to chemical, thermal and mechanical challenges. The mechanical properties of a material define how it responds to the application of a physical force. Recent advances in nanotechnology and 3D printing have rapidly spread, and manufacturers continuously develop new materials and solutions to provide high-quality dental care, with particular attention being paid to long-term follow-up. Restorative dentistry, prosthodontics, oral surgery, implants, periodontology and orthodontics are all involved in this continuing evolution. This Special Issue focuses on all the recent technology that can enhance the mechanical properties of materials used in all of the different branches of dentistry.

Technology: general issues --- zirconia --- digital dentistry --- lithium disilicate --- resin bonded bridge --- fracture --- adhesive restorations --- CAD/CAM --- PMMA --- surface roughness --- microhybrid composite --- sandblasting --- surface treatment --- composite repair --- minimal invasive dentistry --- concrete --- fracture properties --- dry environments --- different curing temperatures --- temperature crossover effect --- dental materials --- orthodontics --- obstructive sleep apnea --- mandibular advancement device --- finite element method --- composite resins --- compressive strength --- fixed partial denture --- AZ31 magnesium alloy --- nanoindentation --- indentation size effect --- anisotropic yielding criterion --- temperature rise --- composites --- polymerization --- flexural strength --- zirconia --- digital dentistry --- lithium disilicate --- resin bonded bridge --- fracture --- adhesive restorations --- CAD/CAM --- PMMA --- surface roughness --- microhybrid composite --- sandblasting --- surface treatment --- composite repair --- minimal invasive dentistry --- concrete --- fracture properties --- dry environments --- different curing temperatures --- temperature crossover effect --- dental materials --- orthodontics --- obstructive sleep apnea --- mandibular advancement device --- finite element method --- composite resins --- compressive strength --- fixed partial denture --- AZ31 magnesium alloy --- nanoindentation --- indentation size effect --- anisotropic yielding criterion --- temperature rise --- composites --- polymerization --- flexural strength

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In the oral environment, restorative and prosthetic materials and appliances are exposed to chemical, thermal and mechanical challenges. The mechanical properties of a material define how it responds to the application of a physical force. Recent advances in nanotechnology and 3D printing have rapidly spread, and manufacturers continuously develop new materials and solutions to provide high-quality dental care, with particular attention being paid to long-term follow-up. Restorative dentistry, prosthodontics, oral surgery, implants, periodontology and orthodontics are all involved in this continuing evolution. This Special Issue focuses on all the recent technology that can enhance the mechanical properties of materials used in all of the different branches of dentistry.

Technology: general issues --- zirconia --- digital dentistry --- lithium disilicate --- resin bonded bridge --- fracture --- adhesive restorations --- CAD/CAM --- PMMA --- surface roughness --- microhybrid composite --- sandblasting --- surface treatment --- composite repair --- minimal invasive dentistry --- concrete --- fracture properties --- dry environments --- different curing temperatures --- temperature crossover effect --- dental materials --- orthodontics --- obstructive sleep apnea --- mandibular advancement device --- finite element method --- composite resins --- compressive strength --- fixed partial denture --- AZ31 magnesium alloy --- nanoindentation --- indentation size effect --- anisotropic yielding criterion --- temperature rise --- composites --- polymerization --- flexural strength