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Singularity (mathematics) --- Cybernetics. --- Manipulators.

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Asphericity. --- Gravitational fields. --- Legendre functions. --- Singularity (mathematics) --- Spherical shells.

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Identity: Fragments, Frankness is a rich and powerful essay on the notion of identity and on how it operates in our contemporary world. In contrast to the various attempts to cling to established identities or to associate identity with dubious agendas, Nancy shows that an identity is always open to alterity and its transformations.Against cynical initiatives that seek to instrumentalize the question of identity in an attempt to manipulate sentiment against immigration, Nancy problematizes anew the notions of identity, nation, and national identity. He seeks to show that there is never a given identity but always an open process of identification that retains an exposure to difference. Thus identity can never operate as a self-identical subject, such as “the French.”Ultimately, for Nancy, one does not have an identity but has to become one. One can never return to a self-same identity but can only seek to locate oneself within difference and singularity. Nancy shows the impasse of a certain conception of identity that he calls the “identity of the identifiable,” which refers to some permanent, given, substantial identity. In opposition to such identity, Nancy offers the identity of whatever or whoever invents itself in an open process of exposure to others and internal difference. Hence, an identity is never given but “makes itself by seeking and inventing itself.” One does not have an identity, but is an identity.Identity is an act, not a state.This important book will provide much-needed philosophical clarification of a complex and strategic notion at the center of many current events and discussions.

American essays. --- Identity. --- Nation. --- difference. --- identification. --- national identity. --- otherness. --- people(s). --- self. --- singularity. --- subjectivity.

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"AI and the Technological Singularity: A Fallacy or a Great Opportunity" is a collection of essays that addresses the question of whether the technological singularity—the notion that AI-based computers can program the next generation of AI-based computers until a singularity is achieved, where an AI-based computer can exceed human intelligence—is a fallacy or a great opportunity. The group of scholars that address this question have a variety of positions on the singularity, ranging from advocates to skeptics. No conclusion can be reached, as the development of artificial intelligence is still in its infancy, and there is much wishful thinking and imagination in this issue rather than trustworthy data. The reader will find a cogent summary of the issues faced by researchers who are working to develop the field of artificial intelligence and, in particular, artificial general intelligence. The only conclusion that can be reached is that there exists a variety of well-argued positions as to where AI research is headed.

Information technology industries --- technological Singularity --- intelligence --- emotion --- artificial general intelligence --- artificial intelligence --- computer --- logic --- figure/ground --- computers --- consciousness --- singularity --- self --- futures --- technological singularity --- philosophy --- cosmic evolution --- anthropology --- technical singularity --- non-axiomatic reasoning system --- metasystem transitions --- patterns --- patterning --- cognition --- set theory --- language --- information --- abductive reasoning --- futurism and futurology --- hard science fiction --- models of consciousness --- intelligent machines --- machine replication --- machine evolution and optimization --- Turing test --- embodiment --- competition --- cooperation --- self-organization --- robots --- heterogeneity --- team sports --- artificial intelligence (AI) --- automated journalism --- robo-journalism --- writing algorithms --- future of news --- media ecology --- autogenous intelligence --- bootstrap fallacy --- recursive self-improvement --- self-modifying software --- superintelligence --- skepticism --- cyborg --- evolution --- love --- misinformation --- Technological Singularity --- Accelerated Change --- Artificial (General) Intelligence --- apophenia --- pareidolia --- complexity --- research focused social network --- networked minds --- complexity break --- complexity fallacy --- philosophy of information --- machine learning --- information quality --- information friction --- Artificial Intelligence (AI) --- Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) --- Artificial Social Intelligence (ASI) --- social sciences --- embodied cognition --- value alignment --- experience --- phenomenal consciousness --- access consciousness --- percept --- concept --- deep neural networks --- meaning --- understanding --- Singularity --- intuition --- wisdom

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"AI and the Technological Singularity: A Fallacy or a Great Opportunity" is a collection of essays that addresses the question of whether the technological singularity—the notion that AI-based computers can program the next generation of AI-based computers until a singularity is achieved, where an AI-based computer can exceed human intelligence—is a fallacy or a great opportunity. The group of scholars that address this question have a variety of positions on the singularity, ranging from advocates to skeptics. No conclusion can be reached, as the development of artificial intelligence is still in its infancy, and there is much wishful thinking and imagination in this issue rather than trustworthy data. The reader will find a cogent summary of the issues faced by researchers who are working to develop the field of artificial intelligence and, in particular, artificial general intelligence. The only conclusion that can be reached is that there exists a variety of well-argued positions as to where AI research is headed.

technological Singularity --- intelligence --- emotion --- artificial general intelligence --- artificial intelligence --- computer --- logic --- figure/ground --- computers --- consciousness --- singularity --- self --- futures --- technological singularity --- philosophy --- cosmic evolution --- anthropology --- technical singularity --- non-axiomatic reasoning system --- metasystem transitions --- patterns --- patterning --- cognition --- set theory --- language --- information --- abductive reasoning --- futurism and futurology --- hard science fiction --- models of consciousness --- intelligent machines --- machine replication --- machine evolution and optimization --- Turing test --- embodiment --- competition --- cooperation --- self-organization --- robots --- heterogeneity --- team sports --- artificial intelligence (AI) --- automated journalism --- robo-journalism --- writing algorithms --- future of news --- media ecology --- autogenous intelligence --- bootstrap fallacy --- recursive self-improvement --- self-modifying software --- superintelligence --- skepticism --- cyborg --- evolution --- love --- misinformation --- Technological Singularity --- Accelerated Change --- Artificial (General) Intelligence --- apophenia --- pareidolia --- complexity --- research focused social network --- networked minds --- complexity break --- complexity fallacy --- philosophy of information --- machine learning --- information quality --- information friction --- Artificial Intelligence (AI) --- Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) --- Artificial Social Intelligence (ASI) --- social sciences --- embodied cognition --- value alignment --- experience --- phenomenal consciousness --- access consciousness --- percept --- concept --- deep neural networks --- meaning --- understanding --- Singularity --- intuition --- wisdom