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Continuous cost reduction of photovoltaic (PV) systems and the rise of power auctions resulted in the establishment of PV power not only as a green energy source but also as a cost-effective solution to the electricity generation market. Various commercial solutions for grid-connected PV systems are available at any power level, ranging from multi-megawatt utility-scale solar farms to sub-kilowatt residential PV installations. Compared to utility-scale systems, the feasibility of small-scale residential PV installations is still limited by existing technologies that have not yet properly address issues like operation in weak grids, opaque and partial shading, etc. New market drivers such as warranty improvement to match the PV module lifespan, operation voltage range extension for application flexibility, and embedded energy storage for load shifting have again put small-scale PV systems in the spotlight. This Special Issue collects the latest developments in the field of power electronic converter topologies, control, design, and optimization for better energy yield, power conversion efficiency, reliability, and longer lifetime of the small-scale PV systems. This Special Issue will serve as a reference and update for academics, researchers, and practicing engineers to inspire new research and developments that pave the way for next-generation PV systems for residential and small commercial applications.

History of engineering & technology --- three-phase rectifier --- PFC --- switch-mode rectifier --- ZVS --- ZCS --- single stage micro-inverter --- burst control --- variable frequency control --- maximum power-point tracking --- grid-connected photovoltaic systems --- cascade multilevel converters --- multistring converters --- T-type converters --- power clipping --- ESS sizing --- grid-tied PV plant --- cascaded H-bridge --- photovoltaic inverter --- module level --- switching modulation strategy --- energy yield --- photovoltaic (PV) --- virtual synchronous generator (VSG) --- frequency response (FR) --- power reserve control (PRC) --- active power up-regulation --- dual inverter --- open-end winding transformer --- photovoltaic application --- filter --- DC–AC converters --- efficiency --- neutral-point-clamped inverter --- PV applications --- PV inverters --- PV systems --- quasi-z-source --- two-level inverter --- three-level inverter --- converter topologies --- partial shading --- photovoltaic (PV) arrays --- multiple maximas --- mismatch --- differential power processing (DPP) --- series-parallel (SP) --- total-cross-tied (TCT) --- bridge-linked (BL) --- center-cross-tied (CCT) --- quasi-Z-source inverter --- double-frequency ripple --- ripple vector cancellation --- shoot-through duty cycle --- modulation --- DC microgrid --- DC electric spring --- distributed cooperative control --- adaptive droop control --- consensus algorithm --- Electric spring --- hierarchical control --- coordinated control --- power decoupling control --- droop control --- microgrid --- microinverter --- variable dc-link voltage --- photovoltaic --- solar energy --- renewable energy --- residential systems --- PV generators --- active power --- reactive power --- Renewable energy --- grid codes --- capability curves --- transformerless inverter --- full bridge inverter --- leakage current --- NPC topology --- full-bridge inverter --- PV microinverters --- single-stage --- buck-boost --- tapped inductor --- modular multilevel converter --- photovoltaic power system --- grid integration --- control system --- distributed renewable energy source --- energy storage --- 1500 V photovoltaic (PV) --- reliability --- cost-oriented design --- DC–DC converter --- series resonance converter --- wide range converter --- bidirectional switch --- conversion efficiency

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Continuous cost reduction of photovoltaic (PV) systems and the rise of power auctions resulted in the establishment of PV power not only as a green energy source but also as a cost-effective solution to the electricity generation market. Various commercial solutions for grid-connected PV systems are available at any power level, ranging from multi-megawatt utility-scale solar farms to sub-kilowatt residential PV installations. Compared to utility-scale systems, the feasibility of small-scale residential PV installations is still limited by existing technologies that have not yet properly address issues like operation in weak grids, opaque and partial shading, etc. New market drivers such as warranty improvement to match the PV module lifespan, operation voltage range extension for application flexibility, and embedded energy storage for load shifting have again put small-scale PV systems in the spotlight. This Special Issue collects the latest developments in the field of power electronic converter topologies, control, design, and optimization for better energy yield, power conversion efficiency, reliability, and longer lifetime of the small-scale PV systems. This Special Issue will serve as a reference and update for academics, researchers, and practicing engineers to inspire new research and developments that pave the way for next-generation PV systems for residential and small commercial applications.

History of engineering & technology --- three-phase rectifier --- PFC --- switch-mode rectifier --- ZVS --- ZCS --- single stage micro-inverter --- burst control --- variable frequency control --- maximum power-point tracking --- grid-connected photovoltaic systems --- cascade multilevel converters --- multistring converters --- T-type converters --- power clipping --- ESS sizing --- grid-tied PV plant --- cascaded H-bridge --- photovoltaic inverter --- module level --- switching modulation strategy --- energy yield --- photovoltaic (PV) --- virtual synchronous generator (VSG) --- frequency response (FR) --- power reserve control (PRC) --- active power up-regulation --- dual inverter --- open-end winding transformer --- photovoltaic application --- filter --- DC–AC converters --- efficiency --- neutral-point-clamped inverter --- PV applications --- PV inverters --- PV systems --- quasi-z-source --- two-level inverter --- three-level inverter --- converter topologies --- partial shading --- photovoltaic (PV) arrays --- multiple maximas --- mismatch --- differential power processing (DPP) --- series-parallel (SP) --- total-cross-tied (TCT) --- bridge-linked (BL) --- center-cross-tied (CCT) --- quasi-Z-source inverter --- double-frequency ripple --- ripple vector cancellation --- shoot-through duty cycle --- modulation --- DC microgrid --- DC electric spring --- distributed cooperative control --- adaptive droop control --- consensus algorithm --- Electric spring --- hierarchical control --- coordinated control --- power decoupling control --- droop control --- microgrid --- microinverter --- variable dc-link voltage --- photovoltaic --- solar energy --- renewable energy --- residential systems --- PV generators --- active power --- reactive power --- Renewable energy --- grid codes --- capability curves --- transformerless inverter --- full bridge inverter --- leakage current --- NPC topology --- full-bridge inverter --- PV microinverters --- single-stage --- buck-boost --- tapped inductor --- modular multilevel converter --- photovoltaic power system --- grid integration --- control system --- distributed renewable energy source --- energy storage --- 1500 V photovoltaic (PV) --- reliability --- cost-oriented design --- DC–DC converter --- series resonance converter --- wide range converter --- bidirectional switch --- conversion efficiency

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The recent revolution in deep learning has enabled considerable development in the fields of object and activity detection. Visual object detection tries to find objects of target classes with precise localisation in an image and assign each object instance a corresponding class label. At the same time, activity recognition aims to determine the actions or activities of an agent or group of agents based on sensor or video observation data. It is a very important and challenging problem to detect, identify, track, and understand the behaviour of objects through images and videos taken by various cameras. Together, objects and their activity recognition in imaging data captured by remote sensing platforms is a highly dynamic and challenging research topic. During the last decade, there has been significant growth in the number of publications in the field of object and activity recognition. In particular, many researchers have proposed application domains to identify objects and their specific behaviours from air and spaceborne imagery. This Special Issue includes papers that explore novel and challenging topics for object and activity detection in remote sensing images and videos acquired by diverse platforms.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- multi-camera system --- space alignment --- UAV-assisted calibration --- cross-view matching --- spatiotemporal feature map --- view-invariant description --- air-to-ground synchronization --- tidal flat water --- YOLOv3 --- similarity algorithm for water extraction --- arbitrary-oriented object detection in satellite optical imagery --- adaptive dynamic refined single-stage transformer detector --- feature pyramid transformer --- dynamic feature refinement --- synthetic aperture radar (SAR) --- ship detection --- convolutional neural network (CNN) --- deep learning (DL) --- feature pyramid network (FPN) --- quad feature pyramid network (Quad-FPN) --- crowd estimation --- 3D simulation --- unmanned aerial vehicle --- synthetic crowd data --- invasive species --- thermal imaging --- habitat identification --- deep learning --- drone --- multiview semantic vegetation index --- urban forestry --- green view index (GVI) --- semantic segmentation --- urban vegetation --- RGB vegetation index

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This book is a Special Issue Reprint edited by Prof. Massimo Vitelli and Dr. Luigi Costanzo. It contains original research articles covering, but not limited to, the following topics: maximum power point tracking techniques; forecasting techniques; sizing and optimization of PV components and systems; PV modeling; reconfiguration algorithms; fault diagnosis; mismatching detection; decision processes for grid operators.

sensor network --- data fusion --- complex network analysis --- fault prognosis --- photovoltaic plants --- ANFIS --- statistical method --- gradient descent --- photovoltaic system --- sustainable development --- PV power prediction --- artificial neural network --- renewable energy --- environmental parameters --- multiple regression model --- moth-flame optimization --- parameter extraction --- photovoltaic model --- double flames generation (DFG) strategy --- Solar cell parameters --- single-diode model --- two-diode model --- COA --- photovoltaic systems --- maximum power point tracking --- single stage grid connected systems --- solar concentrator --- spectral beam splitting --- diffractive optical element --- diffractive grating --- PVs power output forecasting --- adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems --- particle swarm optimization-artificial neural networks --- solar irradiation --- photovoltaic power prediction --- publicly available weather reports --- machine learning --- long short-term memory --- integrated energy systems --- smart energy management --- PV fleet --- clustering-based PV fault detection --- unsupervised learning --- self-imputation --- implicit model solution --- photovoltaic array --- series–parallel --- global optimization --- partial shading --- deterministic optimization algorithm --- metaheuristic optimization algorithm --- genetic algorithm --- solar cell optimization --- finite difference time domain --- optical modelling --- thermal image --- photovoltaic module --- hot spot --- image processing --- deterioration --- linear approximation --- MPPT algorithm --- duty cycle --- global horizontal irradiance --- mathematical modeling --- feed-forward neural networks --- recurrent neural networks --- LSTM cell --- performances evaluation --- clear sky irradiance --- persistent predictor --- photovoltaics --- artificial neural networks --- national power system

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Noncooperative Game Theory is aimed at students interested in using game theory as a design methodology for solving problems in engineering and computer science. João Hespanha shows that such design challenges can be analyzed through game theoretical perspectives that help to pinpoint each problem's essence: Who are the players? What are their goals? Will the solution to "the game" solve the original design problem? Using the fundamentals of game theory, Hespanha explores these issues and more.The use of game theory in technology design is a recent development arising from the intrinsic limitations of classical optimization-based designs. In optimization, one attempts to find values for parameters that minimize suitably defined criteria-such as monetary cost, energy consumption, or heat generated. However, in most engineering applications, there is always some uncertainty as to how the selected parameters will affect the final objective. Through a sequential and easy-to-understand discussion, Hespanha examines how to make sure that the selection leads to acceptable performance, even in the presence of uncertainty-the unforgiving variable that can wreck engineering designs. Hespanha looks at such standard topics as zero-sum, non-zero-sum, and dynamics games and includes a MATLAB guide to coding.Noncooperative Game Theory offers students a fresh way of approaching engineering and computer science applications.An introduction to game theory applications for students of engineering and computer science Materials presented sequentially and in an easy-to-understand fashionTopics explore zero-sum, non-zero-sum, and dynamics gamesMATLAB commands are included

Noncooperative games (Mathematics) --- Game theory --- Cooperative games (Mathematics) --- MATLAB. --- Minimax Theorem. --- N-player game. --- Nash equilibrium. --- Separating Hyperplane Theorem. --- Sudoku puzzle. --- action space. --- action. --- admissible Nash equilibrium. --- advertising campaign. --- alternate play. --- average security level. --- battle of the sexes. --- behavioral policy. --- behavioral saddle-point equilibrium. --- best-response equivalent games. --- bilateral symmetric game. --- bimatrix game. --- bimatrix potential. --- chicken game. --- circuit design. --- completely mixed Nash equilibrium. --- computational complexity. --- computer science. --- congestion game. --- continuous time cost-to-go. --- continuous time differential. --- continuous time dynamic programming. --- continuous time dynamic. --- convex analysis. --- convex hull. --- decoupled game. --- design methodology. --- differential game. --- discrete time cost-to-go. --- discrete time dynamic programming. --- discrete time dynamic. --- distributed resource allocation. --- dummy game. --- dynamic game. --- engineering. --- extensive form game representation. --- feedback game. --- fictitious play. --- finite one-player. --- game theory. --- graphical method. --- hyperplane. --- identical interests. --- information structure. --- linear program. --- linear quadratic dynamic. --- minimum. --- mixed Nash equilibrium. --- mixed action space. --- mixed policy. --- mixed saddle-point equilibrium. --- mixed security policy. --- multi-stage game. --- network routing. --- non-feedback game. --- non-zero-sum. --- noncooperative game theory. --- open-loop policy. --- open-loop. --- optimization-based design. --- order interchangeability property. --- policy. --- potential game. --- probability distribution. --- pure N-player game. --- pure policy. --- recursive computation. --- regret. --- robust design. --- rock-paper-scissors. --- rope-pulling. --- saddle-point equilibrium. --- security level. --- security policy. --- simultaneous play. --- single-stage game. --- state feedback information structure. --- state-feedback policy. --- stochastic policy. --- strictly dominating policy. --- symmetry game. --- tic-tac-toe. --- tree structure. --- uncertainty. --- variable termination time. --- war of attrition. --- weakly dominating policy. --- zebra in the lake. --- zero sum dynamic. --- zero-sum matrix. --- zero-sum two-person. --- zero-sum.