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Adelgidae --- Norway spruce --- Phenols --- Silver fir --- Spider mites --- Thin layer chromatography --- Composition --- Genetics --- Diseases and pests

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Both climate change and air pollution have large negative impacts on physiological processes and functions at the individual tree level and on whole forest ecosystems. The objective of climate change and air quality monitoring is to make decisions, based on scientific knowledge, regarding how to best manage and improve the current state of the environment. Our ability to take urgent measures to combat climate change and its impact on forest ecosystems and conserve forest biodiversity depends upon our knowledge of the latest scientific results on the status of forest ecosystems. Unfortunately, there are a lot of gaps in our knowledge of the detection and monitoring of their effects on forest ecosystems. This book presents relevant results from scientific research in the fields of climate change, air pollution, forest conservation, protection and monitoring that can contribute to a better science–policy interaction and to the elaboration of specific strategies, in accordance with the areas of forest sciences from IUFRO RG 8.04.00 - Impacts of air pollution and climate change on forest ecosystems.

silver fir --- radial growth --- wood characteristics --- drought response --- climate change --- current annual increment --- percentage volume increment --- basal area --- tree diameter --- tree form-height --- air pollution --- increment cores --- Norway spruce --- radial growth series --- gas exchange --- ecosystem restoration --- mountain forests --- photosynthesis --- diagnostic assessment --- forest ecosystem --- reference information --- restoration plan --- biodiversity --- forests --- valuing ecosystem services --- policy making --- SWAT --- hydrological model --- sensitivity analysis --- calibration --- validation --- small forested watershed --- temperate forests --- climate change effects --- Southern Carpathian forest management --- forest growth --- forest biomass --- virgin forests --- ecosystem services --- natural capital --- socio-economic system --- ecological indicators --- terrestrial laser scanning --- aerial laser scanning --- LANDIS-II --- PnET --- Southern Carpathians --- production --- species composition --- species abundance --- Romanian temperate forests --- n/a

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Climatic change causes a mismatch between tree populations on sites they currently occupy and the climate to which they have adapted in the past. The maintenance of productivity and of ecological and societal services requires resilient populations and ecosystems, particularly close to the vulnerable trailing (xeric) range limits. The studies confirm the selective effect of diverse habitat/climate conditions across the species ranges. Soil conditions may mask climate effects and should be considered separately. The unique potential of provenance tests is illustrated by growth response projections that may be less dramatic than provided by usual inventory data analyses. Assisted migration appears to be a feasible management action to compensate for climatic warming. However, the choice of populations needs special care under extreme conditions and outside the limits of current natural distribution ranges. The proper differentiation of measures according to the present and future adaptive challenges require the continuation of long-term analyses and the establishment of better focused field trials in disparate climates that contain populations from a representative range of habitats. The studies present results obtained from diverse regions of the temperate forest zone, from Central and Northwestern Europe, the Mediterranean, Russia, China, North and Central America.

Research & information: general --- Camptotheca acuminata --- MaxEnt --- climateAP --- suitable habitat --- climate change --- soil --- genetic variation --- seed sourcing --- forest management --- genetic conservation --- Pinus sylvestris --- climate-change impacts --- ecosystem responses to climate --- species distributions --- climatype distributions --- adaptive management --- provenance test --- genecology --- reforestation --- restoration --- conservation --- assisted migration --- climatic change --- climate transfer distance --- dryness index --- Abies religiosa --- survival --- mortality --- biomass --- basal diameter --- Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve --- Picea abies --- field trials --- provenances --- families --- clones --- height growth --- phenotypic stability --- phenotypic plasticity --- mountain forest --- tree species selection --- Scots pine --- adaptation --- wood anatomy --- tracheidogram --- traits --- common garden --- silver fir --- grand fir --- Balkan firs --- drought stress --- resilience --- scots pine seed mass and seed zones --- a provenance trial --- bioclimatic models --- an ensemble of general circulation models --- RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 scenarios --- Russia --- n/a

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Climatic change causes a mismatch between tree populations on sites they currently occupy and the climate to which they have adapted in the past. The maintenance of productivity and of ecological and societal services requires resilient populations and ecosystems, particularly close to the vulnerable trailing (xeric) range limits. The studies confirm the selective effect of diverse habitat/climate conditions across the species ranges. Soil conditions may mask climate effects and should be considered separately. The unique potential of provenance tests is illustrated by growth response projections that may be less dramatic than provided by usual inventory data analyses. Assisted migration appears to be a feasible management action to compensate for climatic warming. However, the choice of populations needs special care under extreme conditions and outside the limits of current natural distribution ranges. The proper differentiation of measures according to the present and future adaptive challenges require the continuation of long-term analyses and the establishment of better focused field trials in disparate climates that contain populations from a representative range of habitats. The studies present results obtained from diverse regions of the temperate forest zone, from Central and Northwestern Europe, the Mediterranean, Russia, China, North and Central America.

Research & information: general --- Camptotheca acuminata --- MaxEnt --- climateAP --- suitable habitat --- climate change --- soil --- genetic variation --- seed sourcing --- forest management --- genetic conservation --- Pinus sylvestris --- climate-change impacts --- ecosystem responses to climate --- species distributions --- climatype distributions --- adaptive management --- provenance test --- genecology --- reforestation --- restoration --- conservation --- assisted migration --- climatic change --- climate transfer distance --- dryness index --- Abies religiosa --- survival --- mortality --- biomass --- basal diameter --- Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve --- Picea abies --- field trials --- provenances --- families --- clones --- height growth --- phenotypic stability --- phenotypic plasticity --- mountain forest --- tree species selection --- Scots pine --- adaptation --- wood anatomy --- tracheidogram --- traits --- common garden --- silver fir --- grand fir --- Balkan firs --- drought stress --- resilience --- scots pine seed mass and seed zones --- a provenance trial --- bioclimatic models --- an ensemble of general circulation models --- RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 scenarios --- Russia