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Escherichia coli Infections --- Shiga Toxins --- Bacteriophages --- Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli --- Cattle --- Diarrhea --- microbiology

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Cancer has been a patient-specific and difficult-to-treat disease for decades, resulting in more deaths since 1900 than all other diseases except cardiovascular diseases. As societies around the world continue to shift towards an aging population, the social and economic burden created by cancer will only rise in the coming decades, necessitating continued improvement in our cancer therapies. Remarkably, in the late 1800s, bone surgeon William Coley serendipitously discovered that bacteria could be administered to patients as an effective (and sometimes toxic) form of cancer therapy known as "Coley's Toxins". His discoveries unknowingly led to two fields of cancer therapy that have been in development for decades and are now leading to significant improvements in therapy for cancer patients: immune-based and toxin-based therapies for cancer. Articles included here discuss the discoveries that emerged from Coley's Toxins that enable us to harness the immune system and microbial toxins to combat cancers, as oncology shifts from a field dominated by chemotherapy for most of the 20th century to biologic therapies that will dominate the 21st century.

Medicine --- immunotoxin --- ribotoxin --- α-sarcin --- RNase T1 --- furin --- intracellular trafficking --- colorectal cancer --- botulinum toxin --- botulinum neurotoxin --- cancer --- cancer cells --- neuropathic pain --- post-surgical pain --- parotid gland --- submaxillary gland --- gustatory hyperhidrosis --- sialocele --- parotid fistula --- immunotherapy --- vaccine --- immune checkpoint inhibitors --- adoptive cell therapy --- cytokine therapy --- Coley's Toxins --- glioblastoma --- drug discovery --- cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1 --- protein purification --- recombinant protein production --- shiga toxins --- Gb3/CD77 --- apoptosis --- ER stress --- autophagy --- Burkitt lymphoma --- immunotoxin --- ribotoxin --- α-sarcin --- RNase T1 --- furin --- intracellular trafficking --- colorectal cancer --- botulinum toxin --- botulinum neurotoxin --- cancer --- cancer cells --- neuropathic pain --- post-surgical pain --- parotid gland --- submaxillary gland --- gustatory hyperhidrosis --- sialocele --- parotid fistula --- immunotherapy --- vaccine --- immune checkpoint inhibitors --- adoptive cell therapy --- cytokine therapy --- Coley's Toxins --- glioblastoma --- drug discovery --- cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1 --- protein purification --- recombinant protein production --- shiga toxins --- Gb3/CD77 --- apoptosis --- ER stress --- autophagy --- Burkitt lymphoma

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Cancer has been a patient-specific and difficult-to-treat disease for decades, resulting in more deaths since 1900 than all other diseases except cardiovascular diseases. As societies around the world continue to shift towards an aging population, the social and economic burden created by cancer will only rise in the coming decades, necessitating continued improvement in our cancer therapies. Remarkably, in the late 1800s, bone surgeon William Coley serendipitously discovered that bacteria could be administered to patients as an effective (and sometimes toxic) form of cancer therapy known as "Coley's Toxins". His discoveries unknowingly led to two fields of cancer therapy that have been in development for decades and are now leading to significant improvements in therapy for cancer patients: immune-based and toxin-based therapies for cancer. Articles included here discuss the discoveries that emerged from Coley's Toxins that enable us to harness the immune system and microbial toxins to combat cancers, as oncology shifts from a field dominated by chemotherapy for most of the 20th century to biologic therapies that will dominate the 21st century.

immunotoxin --- ribotoxin --- α-sarcin --- RNase T1 --- furin --- intracellular trafficking --- colorectal cancer --- botulinum toxin --- botulinum neurotoxin --- cancer --- cancer cells --- neuropathic pain --- post-surgical pain --- parotid gland --- submaxillary gland --- gustatory hyperhidrosis --- sialocele --- parotid fistula --- immunotherapy --- vaccine --- immune checkpoint inhibitors --- adoptive cell therapy --- cytokine therapy --- Coley’s Toxins --- glioblastoma --- drug discovery --- cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1 --- protein purification --- recombinant protein production --- shiga toxins --- Gb3/CD77 --- apoptosis --- ER stress --- autophagy --- Burkitt lymphoma --- n/a --- Coley's Toxins

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Robert Robertson (1742-1829) was a Scottish doctor and surgeon. After completing his medical apprenticeship, Robertson joined the Royal Navy as a surgeon's mate in 1760. In 1768 he was appointed surgeon to the sloop Diligence, and served as surgeon on various ships in the West Indies, North America and west Africa until 1783. He was appointed surgeon to the Royal Hospital, Greenwich in 1793. This volume, first published in 1792, contains Robertson's detailed observations of malarial and yellow fever, dysentery and other diseases which he encountered while serving as surgeon in the West Indies. Robertson describes in detail the symptoms and progression of these diseases, his treatments and the outcomes, as recorded in his monthly reviews of the ships' sick lists and many detailed case histories of his patients. This volume provides valuable information concerning the treatment of common diseases and conditions on board late eighteenth-century naval ships.

Public Health --- Human Activities --- Body Temperature Changes --- Intestinal Diseases --- Gastroenteritis --- Transportation --- Gastrointestinal Diseases --- Environment and Public Health --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Signs and Symptoms --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture --- Digestive System Diseases --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Health Care --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Diseases --- Fever --- Dysentery --- Travel --- Ships --- Disease Outbreaks --- Infectious Disease Outbreaks --- Outbreaks --- Disease Outbreak --- Disease Outbreak, Infectious --- Disease Outbreaks, Infectious --- Infectious Disease Outbreak --- Outbreak, Disease --- Outbreak, Infectious Disease --- Outbreaks, Disease --- Outbreaks, Infectious Disease --- Hospital Ships --- Boats --- Boat --- Hospital Ship --- Ship --- Ship, Hospital --- Ships, Hospital --- Naval Medicine --- Land Travel --- Sea Travel --- Land Travels --- Sea Travels --- Travel, Land --- Travel, Sea --- Travels --- Travels, Land --- Travels, Sea --- Infectious Diarrheal Disease --- Diarrheal Disease, Infectious --- Infectious Diarrheal Diseases --- Shiga Toxins --- Pyrexia --- Fevers --- Pyrexias --- Body Temperature --- Malignant Hyperthermia --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Symptoms and General Pathology --- Digestive System Disorders --- Hepatobiliary Diseases --- Hepatobiliary Disorders --- Digestive System Disease --- Digestive System Disorder --- Hepatobiliary Disease --- Hepatobiliary Disorder --- System Disorders, Digestive --- Symptoms and Signs --- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders --- Gastrointestinal Disorders, Functional --- Cholera Infantum --- Gastrointestinal Disorders --- Disease, Gastrointestinal --- Diseases, Gastrointestinal --- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorder --- Gastrointestinal Disease --- Gastrointestinal Disorder --- Gastrointestinal Disorder, Functional --- Gastroenterology --- Commuting --- Gastroenteritides --- Disease, Intestinal --- Diseases, Intestinal --- Intestinal Disease --- Body Temperature Change --- Change, Body Temperature --- Changes, Body Temperature --- Temperature Change, Body --- Temperature Changes, Body --- Activities, Human --- Activity, Human --- Human Activity --- Animal Assisted Therapy --- Community Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine & Public Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine and Public Health --- Health, Community --- Health, Public --- Preventive Medicine --- Education, Public Health Professional