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The comparison between methods, evaluation of portal hypertension and many other questions are still open issues in liver elastography. New elastographic applications are under evaluation and close to being used in clinical practice. Strain imaging has been incorporated into many disciplines and EFSUMB guidelines are under preparation. More research is necessary for improved evidence for clinical applications in daily practice. The Special Issue published papers on recent advances in development and application of Ultrasound Elastography.

ultrasonography --- elastography --- anti-HBV therapy --- pediatric --- WFUMB --- measurement variability --- tendon stiffness --- pancreas --- patellar positions --- point of care ultrasound --- time of day --- chronic hepatitis B --- quantification --- chronic hepatitis C --- EFSUMB --- stiffness --- liver cirrhosis --- liver fibrosis --- computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) --- guideline --- liver stiffness --- Achilles tendon --- bending energy --- ultrasound elastography --- acoustic radiation force impulse --- tendinopathy --- texture analysis --- power spectrum --- magnetic resonance imaging --- strain ratio --- thyroid cancer --- prior activity --- direct acting antivirals --- strain quantification --- patellar tendon --- shear wave elastography (SWE) --- cine-tagging --- cirrhosis --- health care --- shear wave elastography --- Crohn’s disease --- contrast enhanced ultrasound --- HCV core antigen --- shear modulus --- therapy --- ultrasound --- supersonic shear imaging --- carcinoma --- quantitative --- leg dominance --- viral hepatitis C --- strain elastography --- endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)

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Thyroid nodular disease is one of the most frequent endocrine diseases. The prevalence of thyroid focal lesions detected by imaging techniques, according to studies on different populations, ranges from 10 to 70%. In a population of women over 50 years of age, approximately half of them will have a thyroid focal lesion. However, only 18% of thyroid nodules are diagnosed as malignant. Thyroid nodular disease is the most frequently diagnosed endocrine pathology, while thyroid cancer constitues the most common endocrine malignancy and is reponsible for about 67% of deaths due to neoplasms derived from endocrine organs. The incidence of thyroid cancer has risen by about 240% in the last three decades. Due to the increased availability of imaging techniques, recently, a rise in the detectability of thyroid cancer at the stage of microcarcinoma has been observed. Diagnostic and therapeutic decisions in patients with thyroid nodules require an interdisciplinary consensus between endocrinologists and physicians of other specialities (radiologists, pathologists, surgeons, oncologists). This book focuses on current trends in novel techniques of thyroid nodule diagnostics before they are implemented in the current guidelines on the management of thyroid nodular disease.

thyroid nodule --- care pathway --- guidelines --- fine-needle aspiration cytology --- thyroid cancer --- COLD-PCR --- digital PCR --- BRAFV600E --- papillary thyroid cancer --- liquid biopsy --- thyroid nodules --- ultrasound --- computer-aided diagnosis --- S-Detect --- EU-TIRADS --- PTC --- thyroid --- metastasis --- Snail-1 --- primary hyperparathyroidism --- parathyroidectomy --- remedial surgery --- ectopic mediastinal localization --- persistent hypercalcemia --- ectopic thymus --- shear wave sonoelastography --- strain elastography --- metastatic lymph nodes --- shear wave elastography --- interobserver variability --- tissue aspirate parathyroid hormone assay --- recurrent renal hyperparathyroidism --- persistent renal hyperparathyroidism --- parathyroid sonography --- parathyroid scintigraphy --- thyroid surgery --- vocal cord dysfunction --- vocal cord palsy --- loss of signal --- complications --- parathyroid adenoma --- hyperparathyroidism --- PET-CT --- FEC --- FCH --- n/a --- postsurgical hypoparathyroidism --- risk-factor analysis --- time course

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In past decades, various sensor technologies have been used in all areas of our lives, thus improving our quality of life. In particular, imaging sensors have been widely applied in the development of various imaging approaches such as optical imaging, ultrasound imaging, X-ray imaging, and nuclear imaging, and contributed to achieve high sensitivity, miniaturization, and real-time imaging. These advanced image sensing technologies play an important role not only in the medical field but also in the industrial field. This Special Issue covers broad topics on imaging sensors and applications. The scope range of imaging sensors can be extended to novel imaging sensors and diverse imaging systems, including hardware and software advancements. Additionally, biomedical and nondestructive sensing applications are welcome.

Technology: general issues --- fluorescence LiDAR --- laser-induced fluorescence --- vegetation monitoring --- classification discrimination --- 3D measurement --- fringe projection --- 3D Fourier transform --- phase unwrapping --- phase measurement --- ultrasound --- photoacoustic imaging --- photoacoustic microscopy --- biomedical imaging --- multifocal point transducer --- wave patterns --- analytical model --- directivity pattern --- guided wave (GW) --- non-destructive testing (NDT) --- macro-fiber composite (MFC) --- transducer --- elastography --- soft tissue --- nonlinearity --- viscoelasticity --- acoustic emission --- hydrogel --- nanosilica --- transcranial --- skull bone --- aberration --- photoacoustic --- distortion --- brain imaging --- balloon catheter --- image guiding --- medical diagnostic imaging --- ultrasonic imaging --- abdominal ultrasound --- plane wave imaging --- diverging wave imaging --- synthetic focusing --- back muscle stiffness --- spine --- elasticity --- shear-wave elastography (SWE) --- tissue ultrasound palpation system (TUPS) --- reliability --- Young's modulus --- carfilzomib --- peripheral vasculature --- quantitative analysis --- transrectal probe --- optical lens --- ultrasound imaging --- prostate cancer --- optical coherence tomography --- quad-scanner scanning strategy --- whole-directional scanning --- full-directional imaging --- IoT --- remote control --- remote operation --- remote sharing economy --- research equipment sharing --- two-photon laser scanning microscopy --- MQTT --- deep learning --- ensemble learning --- brain tumor classification --- machine learning --- transfer learning --- around view monitoring system --- automatic camera calibration --- vision-based advanced driver assistance systems --- high-frequency ultrasound --- ophthalmic imaging --- synthetic aperture --- convex array transducer --- bandwidth expander --- ultrasound transducer device --- power amplifier --- super-resolution --- clinical applications --- fluorescence LiDAR --- laser-induced fluorescence --- vegetation monitoring --- classification discrimination --- 3D measurement --- fringe projection --- 3D Fourier transform --- phase unwrapping --- phase measurement --- ultrasound --- photoacoustic imaging --- photoacoustic microscopy --- biomedical imaging --- multifocal point transducer --- wave patterns --- analytical model --- directivity pattern --- guided wave (GW) --- non-destructive testing (NDT) --- macro-fiber composite (MFC) --- transducer --- elastography --- soft tissue --- nonlinearity --- viscoelasticity --- acoustic emission --- hydrogel --- nanosilica --- transcranial --- skull bone --- aberration --- photoacoustic --- distortion --- brain imaging --- balloon catheter --- image guiding --- medical diagnostic imaging --- ultrasonic imaging --- abdominal ultrasound --- plane wave imaging --- diverging wave imaging --- synthetic focusing --- back muscle stiffness --- spine --- elasticity --- shear-wave elastography (SWE) --- tissue ultrasound palpation system (TUPS) --- reliability --- Young's modulus --- carfilzomib --- peripheral vasculature --- quantitative analysis --- transrectal probe --- optical lens --- ultrasound imaging --- prostate cancer --- optical coherence tomography --- quad-scanner scanning strategy --- whole-directional scanning --- full-directional imaging --- IoT --- remote control --- remote operation --- remote sharing economy --- research equipment sharing --- two-photon laser scanning microscopy --- MQTT --- deep learning --- ensemble learning --- brain tumor classification --- machine learning --- transfer learning --- around view monitoring system --- automatic camera calibration --- vision-based advanced driver assistance systems --- high-frequency ultrasound --- ophthalmic imaging --- synthetic aperture --- convex array transducer --- bandwidth expander --- ultrasound transducer device --- power amplifier --- super-resolution --- clinical applications

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In past decades, various sensor technologies have been used in all areas of our lives, thus improving our quality of life. In particular, imaging sensors have been widely applied in the development of various imaging approaches such as optical imaging, ultrasound imaging, X-ray imaging, and nuclear imaging, and contributed to achieve high sensitivity, miniaturization, and real-time imaging. These advanced image sensing technologies play an important role not only in the medical field but also in the industrial field. This Special Issue covers broad topics on imaging sensors and applications. The scope range of imaging sensors can be extended to novel imaging sensors and diverse imaging systems, including hardware and software advancements. Additionally, biomedical and nondestructive sensing applications are welcome.

fluorescence LiDAR --- laser-induced fluorescence --- vegetation monitoring --- classification discrimination --- 3D measurement --- fringe projection --- 3D Fourier transform --- phase unwrapping --- phase measurement --- ultrasound --- photoacoustic imaging --- photoacoustic microscopy --- biomedical imaging --- multifocal point transducer --- wave patterns --- analytical model --- directivity pattern --- guided wave (GW) --- non-destructive testing (NDT) --- macro-fiber composite (MFC) --- transducer --- elastography --- soft tissue --- nonlinearity --- viscoelasticity --- acoustic emission --- hydrogel --- nanosilica --- transcranial --- skull bone --- aberration --- photoacoustic --- distortion --- brain imaging --- balloon catheter --- image guiding --- medical diagnostic imaging --- ultrasonic imaging --- abdominal ultrasound --- plane wave imaging --- diverging wave imaging --- synthetic focusing --- back muscle stiffness --- spine --- elasticity --- shear-wave elastography (SWE) --- tissue ultrasound palpation system (TUPS) --- reliability --- Young’s modulus --- carfilzomib --- peripheral vasculature --- quantitative analysis --- transrectal probe --- optical lens --- ultrasound imaging --- prostate cancer --- optical coherence tomography --- quad-scanner scanning strategy --- whole-directional scanning --- full-directional imaging --- IoT --- remote control --- remote operation --- remote sharing economy --- research equipment sharing --- two-photon laser scanning microscopy --- MQTT --- deep learning --- ensemble learning --- brain tumor classification --- machine learning --- transfer learning --- around view monitoring system --- automatic camera calibration --- vision-based advanced driver assistance systems --- high-frequency ultrasound --- ophthalmic imaging --- synthetic aperture --- convex array transducer --- bandwidth expander --- ultrasound transducer device --- power amplifier --- super-resolution --- clinical applications --- n/a --- Young's modulus