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Lignans are a class of natural products found mainly in plants. They have a wide variety of structures and exhibit a range of potent biological activities. Lignans are also well-known components of a number of widely eaten foods and are frequently studied for their dietary impact. Owing to these factors, lignans have been extensively studied by scientists from a large number of disciplines. This collection of research and review articles describes topics ranging in scope from the recent isolation and structural elucidation of new lignans, strategies towards the chemical synthesis of lignans, assessment of their biological activities and potential for further therapeutic development. Research showing the impact of lignans in the food and agricultural industries is also presented.

taste-active compound --- heilaohu --- 9-norlignans --- antioxidant activity --- drug-like --- human health --- chemometrics --- lignan --- bitterness --- red-flowered Chinese magnolia vine --- antioxidant --- ruminant --- secoisolariciresinol diglucoside --- quantification --- intermolecular interactions --- cattle --- anti-inflammatory activity --- acyl-Claisen --- LOX --- seed --- food groups --- microtubules --- anti-proliferative --- acetylcholinesterase inhibitors --- flax --- arylnaphthalene lignan --- epiboly --- aryldihydronaphthalene lignan --- multiple bioactive components --- enterolignan --- total synthesis --- genetic --- synthesis --- cultivated --- cell cycle --- chronic diseases --- national databases --- oxidation --- chemical components --- molecular dynamics --- COX --- lignans --- hydroxycinnamic acid --- chemical structures --- Chinese magnolia vine --- stereoselective synthesis --- sPLA2 --- Bursera fagaroides --- in silico studies --- antibacterial activity --- semisynthesis --- dibenzyl butyrolactones --- flavonoid glycoside --- lignan glycoside --- chemical characterization --- hydroxymatairesinol --- podophyllotoxin --- Lespedeza cuneata --- Bursera --- oak ageing --- Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus --- F-actin --- cultivar --- UHPLC-MS/MS --- bioactivity --- podophyllotoxin-type lignans --- harmonized databases --- graph theory --- antioxidants --- health promotion --- simultaneous quantitation --- natural products --- dietary intake --- cell migration --- Lignan --- chemical space --- diet --- Lauraceae --- pharmacokinetic --- cytotoxicity --- tujia ethnomedicine --- flavonolignans --- flavonol --- adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation --- Burseraceae --- environment --- dietary lignans --- phytochemical analysis --- Schisandra chinensis --- animal health --- neolignans --- Schisandra rubriflora --- cancer --- norlignans --- wild

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Ubiquitination is a biological process mediated by ubiquitin itself, the E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme, E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, E3 ubiquitin ligase, and deubiquitinating enzyme, respectively. Currently, these multiple biological steps are revealed to participate in various life phenomena, such as cell proliferation, regulation of cell surface proteins expression, and mitochondrial function, which are profoundly related to human health and diseases. Although clinical applications targeting ubiquitination are still limited compared to those directed toward kinase systems such as tyrosine kinases, multiple enzymatic consequences should be future therapeutic implications. This Special Issue of IJMS entitled “Ubiquitination in Health and Disease” successfully published15 distinguished manuscripts, with a total of 66 international authors and. This book provides the latest and most useful information for researchers and scientists in this field.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- deubiquitinase --- degradation --- therapeutic target --- cancer --- hematopoiesis --- hematopoietic stem cells --- immune response --- regulation of gene expression --- ubiquitin system --- genetic diseases --- ubiquitin ligase --- deubiquitinases --- monoubiquitin signaling --- vesicular trafficking --- protein complex formation --- inflammation --- inhibitor --- innate immune --- interferon --- LUBAC --- NF-κB --- ubiquitin --- Parkinson’s disease --- dopa-responsive dystonia --- tyrosine hydroxylase --- α-synuclein --- fatty acid-binding protein 3 --- ubiquitination --- proteasomal degradation --- ubiquitin-proteasome system --- mitochondria --- E3 ubiquitin ligase --- MITOL/MARCH5 --- salt-sensitive hypertension --- Nedd4L/Nedd4-2 --- epithelial sodium channel --- aldosterone sensitive distal nephron --- excitation-transcription coupling --- RNF183 --- RNF186 --- RNF182 --- RNF152 --- RING finger --- mTOR --- endoplasmic reticulum stress --- osmotic stress --- ubiquitin code --- virus infection --- virus-host interaction --- tau protein --- semisynthesis --- disulfide-coupling --- polyubiquitin --- fibrils --- aggregation --- neurodegeneration --- deubiquitination --- inhibitors --- protein quality control --- proteolysis --- protein stabilization --- regulatory T cells --- mesenchymal stem cell --- cortical bone derived stem cell --- myocardial infarction --- blood pressure --- renal salt reabsorption --- vascular function --- ubiquitin proteasome system --- ubiquitin–proteasome pathway --- cilia --- ciliogenesis --- differentiation --- proliferation --- ciliopathy --- E3s --- DUBs --- UPS --- neurodegenerative disease --- immune-related diseases

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Nature represents an amazing source of inspiration, since it produces a great diversity of natural compounds selected by evolution, which exhibit multiple biological activities and applications. A large and very active research field is dedicated to identifying biosynthesized compounds, to improve/develop new methodologies, to produce/reuse natural compounds, and to assess their potential for pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries, among others, and additionally, to understand their mechanism of action. This book is dedicated to presenting the most recent results on the development of natural compounds’ applications. Ten original research works, organized by applications, and two reviews are included. Each of them contributes to the knowledge advance, insofar as they present new applications for known products, new methodologies to obtain new products, or the evaluation of a given application, with the applications related to health promotion being the most frequently considered. These works are significant contributions and reinforce the dynamic field of natural products’ applications.

amino acid metabolism --- carvacrol --- metabolomics data --- oxidative stress --- Penicillium digitatum --- Prangos pabularia Lindl. --- volatile oil --- PTP-1B --- osthole --- 5-pentylcyclohexa-1,3-diene --- antidiabetic activity --- chalcones --- aldol condensation --- biological activity --- flavanones --- cytotoxic --- antioxidant --- anticholinesterase --- Maytenus --- celastroloids --- semisynthesis --- antibacterial activity --- structure–activity relationship --- rosemary --- rosmarinic acid --- anticancer --- antidiabetic --- cardioprotective --- Helianthus annuus --- Helianthus strumosus --- Aspergillus niger --- Candida albicans --- Cryptococcus neoformans --- α-pinene --- oleracone --- flavonoid --- anti-aging --- longevity --- Portulaca oleracea L. --- Caenorhabditis elegans --- total synthesis --- pimenta d’água --- Candida --- fungistatic effect --- inhibition of dimorphism --- GC/MS --- colorectal cancer --- Salviae miltiorrhizae radix --- apoptosis --- honey --- propolis --- phenolic compounds --- wound-healing activity --- NHDF cells --- Asteraceae --- sesquiterpene lactones --- alantolactone --- arglabin --- parthenolide --- thapsigargin --- in vivo study --- anti-inflammatory --- almond --- byproducts --- chlorogenic acid --- design of experiment --- phenolic acids --- ultrasound-assisted extraction --- natural compounds --- therapeutic applications --- essential oils --- antimicrobial --- antitumor --- SAR

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Ubiquitination is a biological process mediated by ubiquitin itself, the E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme, E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, E3 ubiquitin ligase, and deubiquitinating enzyme, respectively. Currently, these multiple biological steps are revealed to participate in various life phenomena, such as cell proliferation, regulation of cell surface proteins expression, and mitochondrial function, which are profoundly related to human health and diseases. Although clinical applications targeting ubiquitination are still limited compared to those directed toward kinase systems such as tyrosine kinases, multiple enzymatic consequences should be future therapeutic implications. This Special Issue of IJMS entitled “Ubiquitination in Health and Disease” successfully published15 distinguished manuscripts, with a total of 66 international authors and. This book provides the latest and most useful information for researchers and scientists in this field.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- deubiquitinase --- degradation --- therapeutic target --- cancer --- hematopoiesis --- hematopoietic stem cells --- immune response --- regulation of gene expression --- ubiquitin system --- genetic diseases --- ubiquitin ligase --- deubiquitinases --- monoubiquitin signaling --- vesicular trafficking --- protein complex formation --- inflammation --- inhibitor --- innate immune --- interferon --- LUBAC --- NF-κB --- ubiquitin --- Parkinson’s disease --- dopa-responsive dystonia --- tyrosine hydroxylase --- α-synuclein --- fatty acid-binding protein 3 --- ubiquitination --- proteasomal degradation --- ubiquitin-proteasome system --- mitochondria --- E3 ubiquitin ligase --- MITOL/MARCH5 --- salt-sensitive hypertension --- Nedd4L/Nedd4-2 --- epithelial sodium channel --- aldosterone sensitive distal nephron --- excitation-transcription coupling --- RNF183 --- RNF186 --- RNF182 --- RNF152 --- RING finger --- mTOR --- endoplasmic reticulum stress --- osmotic stress --- ubiquitin code --- virus infection --- virus-host interaction --- tau protein --- semisynthesis --- disulfide-coupling --- polyubiquitin --- fibrils --- aggregation --- neurodegeneration --- deubiquitination --- inhibitors --- protein quality control --- proteolysis --- protein stabilization --- regulatory T cells --- mesenchymal stem cell --- cortical bone derived stem cell --- myocardial infarction --- blood pressure --- renal salt reabsorption --- vascular function --- ubiquitin proteasome system --- ubiquitin–proteasome pathway --- cilia --- ciliogenesis --- differentiation --- proliferation --- ciliopathy --- E3s --- DUBs --- UPS --- neurodegenerative disease --- immune-related diseases