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Dissertation
Master's Thesis : Semi-supervised learning for object detection in satellite images
Authors: --- --- --- ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Liège Université de Liège (ULiège)

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Abstract

Geospatial intelligence is growing very fast trough deep learning models. Unfortunately those models often rely on large labeled dataset, which are expensive to build. An interesting solution to improve the performance without manually annotating more data is to use semi- supervised learning methods, which have shown promising potential to leverage unlabeled data.&#13;Very good improvement with semi-supervised learning has already&#13;be done in the context of image classification, although very few works have been conducted for object detection.&#13;This master thesis aim to implement and study different semi-supervised learning methods for object detection in satellite images.&#13;Eventually, two semi-supervised learning methods are proposed, namely NSTOD and CODDA.&#13;NSTOD is a self-training method which adds noise during the train- ing and then produces pseudo-labels to enlarge the training dataset. CODDA is a consistency based method which forces the network to have consistent prediction when data augmentation is applied.&#13;The performance is evaluated on the twenty classes of DIOR and on a single object class to assess this performance for geospatial intelli- gence application.&#13;On a single class object focusing on storage tanks, NSTOD improves from 71.3% to 81.7% the AP while considering the same labeled dataset composed of 85 images.


Book
Statistical Analysis of Networks.
Authors: ---
ISBN: 1638280517 1638280509 Year: 2022 Publisher: Norwell, MA : Now Publishers,

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This book is a general introduction to the statistical analysis of networks, and can serve both as a research monograph and as a textbook. Numerous fundamental tools and concepts needed for the analysis of networks are presented, such as network modeling, community detection, graph-based semi-supervised learning and sampling in networks. The description of these concepts is self-contained, with both theoretical justifications and applications provided for the presented algorithms.Researchers, including postgraduate students, working in the area of network science, complex network analysis, or social network analysis, will find up-to-date statistical methods relevant to their research tasks. This book can also serve as textbook material for courses related to thestatistical approach to the analysis of complex networks.In general, the chapters are fairly independent and self-supporting, and the book could be used for course composition “à la carte”. Nevertheless, Chapter 2 is needed to a certain degree for all parts of the book. It is also recommended to read Chapter 4 before reading Chapters 5 and 6, but this is not absolutely necessary. Reading Chapter 3 can also be helpful before reading Chapters 5 and 7. As prerequisites for reading this book, a basic knowledge in probability, linear algebra and elementary notions of graph theory is advised. Appendices describing required notions from the above mentioned disciplines have been added to help readers gain further understanding.


Dissertation
Change Detection on Sentinel-2 multi-spectral images: A Semi-(Non-)Supervised Learning approach
Authors: --- --- --- ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Liège Université de Liège (ULiège)

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Land cover change detection is a crucial task to automate for many applications ranging from efficient natural disaster monitoring or military surveillance to property insurance optimization. Space missions, notably Sentinel-2 from the European Space Agency have opened the path to a much wider use of multispectral geospatial imaging with high temporal resolution which proves ideal for the task of bitemporal change detection. In that context, the company Aerospacelab has implemented a neural network trained on a synthetic dataset in order to cope for the lack of labeled data. This thesis has two aims: evaluating the potential of multispectral channels in contrast to the three typical visual spectral channels Red-Green-Blue for the task of general change detection and establishing whether or not unsupervised or semi-supervised methods can better cope with the common lack of available labeled data.&#13;&#13;To provide these insights, an unsupervised approach initially proposed by Gong et al. called Generative Discriminatory Classified Network (GDCN) is exploited, derived, implemented and tested. It consists in a generator to produce bitemporal multispectral satellite images and a discriminator which simultaneously discriminates between real and fake pairs of images as well as classify each of its pixels as change or non-change. To determine the impact of each of the approach's components on the performances for the task of change detection, three models are implemented: GDCN itself, ConvGDCN which is a scalable derivation of the model inspired from the Deep Convolutional GAN framework proposed by Radford et al. and finally, ConvCN which is a copy of ConvGDCN from which were removed the parts dedicated to the generation task in order to evaluate just how useful it is. Each model is trained in the unsupervised manner proposed by Gong et al. relying on pseudo labeled samples provided by another notable unsupervised method: Compressed Change Vector Analysis by Bovolo et al. The unsupervised models are tuned on a validation set and the best of each model trained on both RGB and multispectral images are fine-tuned with a small amount of hand-labeled samples.&#13;&#13;All unsupervised and tuned models with both RGB and multispectral images are tested on a test dataset and the results provide insights to the company's questions. Specifically, this work shows that RGB images carry most of the information relevant to the task of general change detection and that most significant improvements can be obtained by better exploiting these RGB bands. Additional multispectral bands can still be used in specific contexts, for instance in the form of known spectral indices but otherwise complicate the learning task by adding more noise than useful information which creates a need for more complex models and larger datasets. As to the unsupervised and semi-supervised methods, this work shows that they can compare to the synthetic dataset-trained approach while not outperforming it. Nevertheless, our appproach can provide good pretrained weights to be tuned for a more specific task of change detection.


Book
Information Bottleneck : Theory and Applications in Deep Learning
Authors: ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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The celebrated information bottleneck (IB) principle of Tishby et al. has recently enjoyed renewed attention due to its application in the area of deep learning. This collection investigates the IB principle in this new context. The individual chapters in this collection: • provide novel insights into the functional properties of the IB; • discuss the IB principle (and its derivates) as an objective for training multi-layer machine learning structures such as neural networks and decision trees; and • offer a new perspective on neural network learning via the lens of the IB framework. Our collection thus contributes to a better understanding of the IB principle specifically for deep learning and, more generally, of information–theoretic cost functions in machine learning. This paves the way toward explainable artificial intelligence.


Book
Information Bottleneck : Theory and Applications in Deep Learning
Authors: ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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The celebrated information bottleneck (IB) principle of Tishby et al. has recently enjoyed renewed attention due to its application in the area of deep learning. This collection investigates the IB principle in this new context. The individual chapters in this collection: • provide novel insights into the functional properties of the IB; • discuss the IB principle (and its derivates) as an objective for training multi-layer machine learning structures such as neural networks and decision trees; and • offer a new perspective on neural network learning via the lens of the IB framework. Our collection thus contributes to a better understanding of the IB principle specifically for deep learning and, more generally, of information–theoretic cost functions in machine learning. This paves the way toward explainable artificial intelligence.


Book
Information Bottleneck : Theory and Applications in Deep Learning
Authors: ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

The celebrated information bottleneck (IB) principle of Tishby et al. has recently enjoyed renewed attention due to its application in the area of deep learning. This collection investigates the IB principle in this new context. The individual chapters in this collection: • provide novel insights into the functional properties of the IB; • discuss the IB principle (and its derivates) as an objective for training multi-layer machine learning structures such as neural networks and decision trees; and • offer a new perspective on neural network learning via the lens of the IB framework. Our collection thus contributes to a better understanding of the IB principle specifically for deep learning and, more generally, of information–theoretic cost functions in machine learning. This paves the way toward explainable artificial intelligence.


Book
Machine Learning in Sensors and Imaging
Author:
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Machine learning is extending its applications in various fields, such as image processing, the Internet of Things, user interface, big data, manufacturing, management, etc. As data are required to build machine learning networks, sensors are one of the most important technologies. In addition, machine learning networks can contribute to the improvement in sensor performance and the creation of new sensor applications. This Special Issue addresses all types of machine learning applications related to sensors and imaging. It covers computer vision-based control, activity recognition, fuzzy label classification, failure classification, motor temperature estimation, the camera calibration of intelligent vehicles, error detection, color prior model, compressive sensing, wildfire risk assessment, shelf auditing, forest-growing stem volume estimation, road management, image denoising, and touchscreens.

Keywords

star image --- image denoising --- reinforcement learning --- maximum likelihood estimation --- mixed Poisson–Gaussian likelihood --- machine learning-based classification --- non-uniform foundation --- stochastic analysis --- vehicle–pavement–foundation interaction --- forest growing stem volume --- coniferous plantations --- variable selection --- texture feature --- random forest --- red-edge band --- on-shelf availability --- semi-supervised learning --- deep learning --- image classification --- machine learning --- explainable artificial intelligence --- wildfire --- risk assessment --- Naïve bayes --- transmission-line corridors --- image encryption --- compressive sensing --- plaintext related --- chaotic system --- convolutional neural network --- color prior model --- object detection --- piston error detection --- segmented telescope --- BP artificial neural network --- modulation transfer function --- computer vision --- intelligent vehicles --- extrinsic camera calibration --- structure from motion --- convex optimization --- temperature estimation --- BLDC --- electric machine protection --- touchscreen --- capacitive --- display --- SNR --- stylus --- laser cutting --- quality monitoring --- artificial neural network --- burr formation --- cut interruption --- fiber laser --- semi-supervised --- fuzzy --- noisy --- real-world --- plankton --- marine --- activity recognition --- wearable sensors --- imbalanced activities --- sampling methods --- path planning --- Q-learning --- neural network --- YOLO algorithm --- robot arm --- target reaching --- obstacle avoidance


Book
Machine Learning in Sensors and Imaging
Author:
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Machine learning is extending its applications in various fields, such as image processing, the Internet of Things, user interface, big data, manufacturing, management, etc. As data are required to build machine learning networks, sensors are one of the most important technologies. In addition, machine learning networks can contribute to the improvement in sensor performance and the creation of new sensor applications. This Special Issue addresses all types of machine learning applications related to sensors and imaging. It covers computer vision-based control, activity recognition, fuzzy label classification, failure classification, motor temperature estimation, the camera calibration of intelligent vehicles, error detection, color prior model, compressive sensing, wildfire risk assessment, shelf auditing, forest-growing stem volume estimation, road management, image denoising, and touchscreens.

Keywords

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- star image --- image denoising --- reinforcement learning --- maximum likelihood estimation --- mixed Poisson–Gaussian likelihood --- machine learning-based classification --- non-uniform foundation --- stochastic analysis --- vehicle–pavement–foundation interaction --- forest growing stem volume --- coniferous plantations --- variable selection --- texture feature --- random forest --- red-edge band --- on-shelf availability --- semi-supervised learning --- deep learning --- image classification --- machine learning --- explainable artificial intelligence --- wildfire --- risk assessment --- Naïve bayes --- transmission-line corridors --- image encryption --- compressive sensing --- plaintext related --- chaotic system --- convolutional neural network --- color prior model --- object detection --- piston error detection --- segmented telescope --- BP artificial neural network --- modulation transfer function --- computer vision --- intelligent vehicles --- extrinsic camera calibration --- structure from motion --- convex optimization --- temperature estimation --- BLDC --- electric machine protection --- touchscreen --- capacitive --- display --- SNR --- stylus --- laser cutting --- quality monitoring --- artificial neural network --- burr formation --- cut interruption --- fiber laser --- semi-supervised --- fuzzy --- noisy --- real-world --- plankton --- marine --- activity recognition --- wearable sensors --- imbalanced activities --- sampling methods --- path planning --- Q-learning --- neural network --- YOLO algorithm --- robot arm --- target reaching --- obstacle avoidance --- star image --- image denoising --- reinforcement learning --- maximum likelihood estimation --- mixed Poisson–Gaussian likelihood --- machine learning-based classification --- non-uniform foundation --- stochastic analysis --- vehicle–pavement–foundation interaction --- forest growing stem volume --- coniferous plantations --- variable selection --- texture feature --- random forest --- red-edge band --- on-shelf availability --- semi-supervised learning --- deep learning --- image classification --- machine learning --- explainable artificial intelligence --- wildfire --- risk assessment --- Naïve bayes --- transmission-line corridors --- image encryption --- compressive sensing --- plaintext related --- chaotic system --- convolutional neural network --- color prior model --- object detection --- piston error detection --- segmented telescope --- BP artificial neural network --- modulation transfer function --- computer vision --- intelligent vehicles --- extrinsic camera calibration --- structure from motion --- convex optimization --- temperature estimation --- BLDC --- electric machine protection --- touchscreen --- capacitive --- display --- SNR --- stylus --- laser cutting --- quality monitoring --- artificial neural network --- burr formation --- cut interruption --- fiber laser --- semi-supervised --- fuzzy --- noisy --- real-world --- plankton --- marine --- activity recognition --- wearable sensors --- imbalanced activities --- sampling methods --- path planning --- Q-learning --- neural network --- YOLO algorithm --- robot arm --- target reaching --- obstacle avoidance


Book
Machine Learning in Tribology
Authors: ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Tribology has been and continues to be one of the most relevant fields, being present in almost all aspects of our lives. The understanding of tribology provides us with solutions for future technical challenges. At the root of all advances made so far are multitudes of precise experiments and an increasing number of advanced computer simulations across different scales and multiple physical disciplines. Based upon this sound and data-rich foundation, advanced data handling, analysis and learning methods can be developed and employed to expand existing knowledge. Therefore, modern machine learning (ML) or artificial intelligence (AI) methods provide opportunities to explore the complex processes in tribological systems and to classify or quantify their behavior in an efficient or even real-time way. Thus, their potential also goes beyond purely academic aspects into actual industrial applications. To help pave the way, this article collection aimed to present the latest research on ML or AI approaches for solving tribology-related issues generating true added value beyond just buzzwords. In this sense, this Special Issue can support researchers in identifying initial selections and best practice solutions for ML in tribology.


Book
Machine Learning in Sensors and Imaging
Author:
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Machine learning is extending its applications in various fields, such as image processing, the Internet of Things, user interface, big data, manufacturing, management, etc. As data are required to build machine learning networks, sensors are one of the most important technologies. In addition, machine learning networks can contribute to the improvement in sensor performance and the creation of new sensor applications. This Special Issue addresses all types of machine learning applications related to sensors and imaging. It covers computer vision-based control, activity recognition, fuzzy label classification, failure classification, motor temperature estimation, the camera calibration of intelligent vehicles, error detection, color prior model, compressive sensing, wildfire risk assessment, shelf auditing, forest-growing stem volume estimation, road management, image denoising, and touchscreens.

Keywords

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- star image --- image denoising --- reinforcement learning --- maximum likelihood estimation --- mixed Poisson–Gaussian likelihood --- machine learning-based classification --- non-uniform foundation --- stochastic analysis --- vehicle–pavement–foundation interaction --- forest growing stem volume --- coniferous plantations --- variable selection --- texture feature --- random forest --- red-edge band --- on-shelf availability --- semi-supervised learning --- deep learning --- image classification --- machine learning --- explainable artificial intelligence --- wildfire --- risk assessment --- Naïve bayes --- transmission-line corridors --- image encryption --- compressive sensing --- plaintext related --- chaotic system --- convolutional neural network --- color prior model --- object detection --- piston error detection --- segmented telescope --- BP artificial neural network --- modulation transfer function --- computer vision --- intelligent vehicles --- extrinsic camera calibration --- structure from motion --- convex optimization --- temperature estimation --- BLDC --- electric machine protection --- touchscreen --- capacitive --- display --- SNR --- stylus --- laser cutting --- quality monitoring --- artificial neural network --- burr formation --- cut interruption --- fiber laser --- semi-supervised --- fuzzy --- noisy --- real-world --- plankton --- marine --- activity recognition --- wearable sensors --- imbalanced activities --- sampling methods --- path planning --- Q-learning --- neural network --- YOLO algorithm --- robot arm --- target reaching --- obstacle avoidance

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