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When Plato set his dialogs, written texts were disseminated primarily by performance and recitation. He wrote them, however, when literacy was expanding. Jill Frank argues that there are unique insights to be gained from appreciating Plato's dialogs as written texts to be read and reread. At the center of these insights are two distinct ways of learning to read in the dialogs. One approach that appears in the Statesman, Sophist, and Protagoras, treats learning to read as a top-down affair, in which authoritative teachers lead students to true beliefs. Another, recommended by Socrates, encourages trial and error and the formation of beliefs based on students' own fallible experiences. In all of these dialogs, learning to read is likened to coming to know or understand something. Given Plato's repeated presentation of the analogy between reading and coming to know, what can these two approaches tell us about his dialogs' representations of philosophy and politics? With Poetic Justice, Jill Frank overturns the conventional view that the Republic endorses a hierarchical ascent to knowledge and the authoritarian politics associated with that philosophy. When learning to read is understood as the passive absorption of a teacher's beliefs, this reflects the account of Platonic philosophy as authoritative knowledge wielded by philosopher kings who ruled the ideal city. When we learn to read by way of the method Socrates introduces in the Republic, Frank argues, we are offered an education in ethical and political self-governance, one that prompts citizens to challenge all claims to authority, including those of philosophy.

Reading --- Philosophy, Ancient. --- Philosophy. --- Plato. --- Republic. --- authority. --- desire. --- persuasion. --- philosophy. --- poetry. --- politics. --- self-governance.

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This open access book uses an interdisciplinary approach that not only focuses on social organization but also analyzes how societies and ecological settings were interwoven. How did early modern indigenous Sami inhabitants in interior northwest Fennoscandia build institutions for governance of natural resources? The book answers this question by exploring how they made decisions regarding natural resource management, mainly with regard to wild game, fish, and grazing land and illuminate how Sami users, in a changing economy, altered the long-term rules for use of land and water in a self-governance context. The early modern period was a transforming phase of property rights due to fundamental changes in Sami economy: from an economy based on fishing and hunting to an economy where reindeer pastoralism became the main occupation for many Sami. The book gives a new portrayal of how proficiently and systematically indigenous inhabitants organized and governed natural assets and how capable they were in building highly functioning institutions for governance.

Environmental economics --- Anthropology --- Historical geography --- Economic history --- Agricultural science --- Political economy --- Economic anthropology of Sami communities --- Natural resource management --- Natural resource management history --- Socioecological systems --- Sami self-governance --- Reindeer husbandry --- Land-use practices --- Property rights and economics --- Open Access

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Deliberation, in recent years, has emerged as a form of civic engagement worth reclaiming. In this persuasive book, Sandra M. Gustafson combines historical literary analysis and political theory in order to demonstrate that current democratic practices of deliberation are rooted in the civic rhetoric that flourished in the early American republic. Though the U.S. Constitution made deliberation central to republican self-governance, the ethical emphasis on group deliberation often conflicted with the rhetorical focus on persuasive speech. From Alexis de Tocqueville's ideas about the deliberative basis of American democracy through the works of Walt Whitman, John Dewey, John F. Kennedy, and Martin Luther King Jr., Gustafson shows how writers and speakers have made the aesthetic and political possibilities of deliberation central to their autobiographies, manifestos, novels, and orations. Examining seven key writers from the early American republic-including James Fenimore Cooper, David Crockett, and Daniel Webster-whose works of deliberative imagination explored the intersections of style and democratic substance, Gustafson offers a mode of historical and textual analysis that displays the wide range of resources imaginative language can contribute to political life.

Deliberative democracy --- United States --- Politics and government --- History --- democracy, politics, political science, american republic, united states of america, usa, history, historical, literature, literary, deliberation, civic engagement, constitution, self governance, government, governing, alexis de tocqueville, persuasive speech, walt whitman, fiction, poetry, nonfiction, creativity, john dewey, jfk, president kennedy, martin luther king jr, daniel webster, james fenimore cooper, david crockett, 19th century, republicanism, novel, protest, bunker hill.

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From the 1970s onwards, many towns and cities have experienced deindustrialization processes, while seeing a gradual growth of tertiarization and diversification of services, including cultural ones. With the different, both positive and negative, effects introduced by new cultural interpretations of cities (e.g., culture in public spaces, cultural and creative industries, culture as marketing tools, cultural commodification, etc.), the concept of culture has become increasingly associated with urban image and identity. In finding solutions within regeneration processes, policies often rely on tools from the cultural and creative fields. Additionally, built material and immaterial heritage can have significant roles: e.g., by converting heritage sites and buildings through cultural projects or new functions, or capitalizing on specific traditions and place memory for local identity and place attachment. This SI focuses on cultural approaches in connection with urban development and gather contributions from various research fields. It addresses researchers and academics from social sciences who are interested in topics such as: cultural activities and their role in urban development; cities (re)constructing their identity; culture as a relevant component of current spatial planning policies; urban strategies, attracting creative people; urban image, heritage and culture; culture, local memory and local identities; heritage and industrial culture; subcultures within cities and processes of urban change.

Research & information: general --- Geography --- spatial identity --- political-administrative decisions --- industrialization --- memory of places --- Romania --- semiotic landscape --- local identity --- identity politics --- reimaging --- geography --- cultural affinity --- foreign influences --- hospitality --- society openness --- urban studies --- Novi Sad --- urban image --- culture of living --- tradition --- heritage --- COVID-19 pandemic --- European Capital of Culture --- visual representation --- communist regime --- ideology --- artistic stylization --- collective memory --- post-communist representations --- narrative --- Jewish cultural heritage --- tourist potential --- cultural tourism --- tourism product --- niche tourism --- heritage values --- Bucharest --- Soviet heritage --- heritagescape --- industrial tourism --- Northeast Estonia --- graffiti --- street art --- culture and heritage --- cultural identity --- Bucharest (Romania) --- critical political economy --- creative economy --- arts --- culture --- social justice --- ethnography --- community enterprise --- cross-sectoral partnerships --- self-governance --- austerity --- n/a

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This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book establishes the foundations needed to realize the ultimate goals for artificial intelligence, such as autonomy and trustworthiness. Aimed at scientists, researchers, technologists, practitioners, and students, it brings together contributions offering the basics, the challenges and the state-of-the-art on trusted autonomous systems in a single volume. The book is structured in three parts, with chapters written by eminent researchers and outstanding practitioners and users in the field. The first part covers foundational artificial intelligence technologies, while the second part covers philosophical, practical and technological perspectives on trust. Lastly, the third part presents advanced topics necessary to create future trusted autonomous systems. The book augments theory with real-world applications including cyber security, defence and space.

Engineering. --- Algorithms. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computer mathematics. --- Robotics. --- Automation. --- Electronics. --- Microelectronics. --- Robotics and Automation. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation. --- Computational Mathematics and Numerical Analysis. --- Algorithm Analysis and Problem Complexity. --- Microminiature electronic equipment --- Microminiaturization (Electronics) --- Electronics --- Microtechnology --- Semiconductors --- Miniature electronic equipment --- Electrical engineering --- Physical sciences --- Automatic factories --- Automatic production --- Computer control --- Engineering cybernetics --- Factories --- Industrial engineering --- Mechanization --- Assembly-line methods --- Automatic control --- Automatic machinery --- CAD/CAM systems --- Robotics --- Automation --- Machine theory --- Computer mathematics --- Discrete mathematics --- Electronic data processing --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Logic machines --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Algorism --- Algebra --- Arithmetic --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Mathematics --- Foundations --- Computer science --- Computer software. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Mathematics. --- Software, Computer --- Computer systems --- Trusted Autonomy --- Automation Technology --- Autonomous Systems --- Self-Governance --- Trusted Autonomous Systems --- Design of Algorithms and Methodologies --- Control engineering. --- Control, Robotics, Automation. --- Data processing. --- Control engineering --- Control equipment --- Control theory --- Engineering instruments --- Programmable controllers