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The book offers a modern, comprehensive, and holistic view of natural gas seepage, defined as the visible or invisible flow of gaseous hydrocarbons from subsurface sources to Earth’s surface. Beginning with definitions, classifications for onshore and offshore seepage, and fundamentals on gas migration mechanisms, the book reports the latest findings for the global distribution of gas seepage and describes detection methods. Seepage implications are discussed in relation to petroleum exploration, environmental impacts (hazards, pollution, atmospheric emissions, and past climate change), emerging scientific issues (abiotic gas and methane on Mars), and the role of seeps in ancient cultures. With an updated bibliography and an integrated analysis of available data, the book offers a new fundamental awareness - gas seepage is more widespread than previously thought and influences all of Earth’s external “spheres”, including the hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, and anthroposphere.

Earth Sciences. --- Earth Sciences, general. --- Geography. --- Géographie --- Gas seepage. --- TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Mining. --- Geography --- Geology --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Physical Geography --- Geology - General --- Natural gas --- Gas seepage --- Environmental aspects. --- Gas seep --- Gas, Natural --- Sour gas --- Seepage --- Earth sciences. --- Gases, Asphyxiating and poisonous --- Hydrocarbons --- Cosmography --- Earth sciences --- World history --- Geosciences --- Environmental sciences --- Physical sciences

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Today, modern Geotechnical Engineers, who in the past would have considered the phenomena occurring in the (primarily soil) environment, are faced with developments in environmental sciences that are becoming increasingly more detailed and sophisticated, with the natural phenomena and processes surrounding the civil engineering infrastructure being modeled, designed, monitored, and assessed in a more holistic way. This book brings together the state of the art in geotechnics with a focus on sustainable design, resilience, construction, and monitoring of the performance of geotechnical assets from ground investigations, through foundation and drainage design to soil stabilization and reinforcement. Engineers and scientists working in the fields of green infrastructure, nature-based solutions, sustainable drainage, eco-engineering, hydro-geology, landscape planning, plant science, environmental biology or bio-chemistry, earth sciences, GIS, and remote sensing are represented here by articles that show significant geotechnical components or applications. Case studies showcasing the application of the sustainable development principles (e.g., reuse, recycle, reduce; stakeholder engagement; public health; UN Global Sustainability Goals) in Geotechnics are also included in this book.

Technology: general issues --- machine learning --- random forest --- particle swarm optimization --- Vietnam --- Seepage --- Earth-fill dam --- Experimental analysis --- Numerical analysis --- SEEP/W model --- Dam safety and sustainability --- highway construction --- environmental protection --- soil loss --- erosion control --- risk --- hazard --- vulnerability --- landslides --- multicriteria assessment --- analytical hierarchy process --- calcium sulfoaluminate cement --- stabilized soil --- unconfined compressive strength --- hydration products --- microstructure --- sustainability --- geosynthetics --- poly(lactic acid) --- biopolymers --- geogrids --- tensile strength --- machine learning --- random forest --- particle swarm optimization --- Vietnam --- Seepage --- Earth-fill dam --- Experimental analysis --- Numerical analysis --- SEEP/W model --- Dam safety and sustainability --- highway construction --- environmental protection --- soil loss --- erosion control --- risk --- hazard --- vulnerability --- landslides --- multicriteria assessment --- analytical hierarchy process --- calcium sulfoaluminate cement --- stabilized soil --- unconfined compressive strength --- hydration products --- microstructure --- sustainability --- geosynthetics --- poly(lactic acid) --- biopolymers --- geogrids --- tensile strength

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This Special Issue reports research spanning from the analysis of indirect data, modeling, and laboratory and geological data confirming the intrinsic multidisciplinarity of gas hydrate studies. The study areas are (1) Arctic, (2) Brazil, (3) Chile, and (4) the Mediterranean region. The results furnished an important tessera of the knowledge about the relationship of a gas hydrate system with other complex natural phenomena such as climate change, slope stability and earthquakes, and human activities.

ocean acidification --- risk assessment --- modeling --- molecular composition --- ecosystem --- thermogenic gas --- Eastern Mediterranean --- temperature increase --- geohazards --- São Paulo Plateau --- geohazard --- hydrate dissociation --- climate change --- BSR --- thawing --- multidisciplinary --- clathrites --- earthquake --- modelling --- methane cycle --- permafrost --- global change --- methane --- biogenic gas --- salt migration --- subaqueous permafrost --- slope stability --- Chilean margin --- magnetic data --- mantellic source --- active margin --- Arctic shelf --- environmental impact --- Amazon fan --- methane emission --- seismic interpretation --- seep-carbonates --- Bouguer anomaly --- potential methods --- gravimetric data --- methane stability --- northern Apennines --- Santos Basin --- natural gas hydrate --- carbon dioxide --- blue growth --- gas seeps --- seepage --- Chile Triple Junction --- isotopic composition --- gas hydrates --- gas hydrate --- Miocene --- Levant Basin

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Teeming with weird and wonderful life--giant clams and mussels, tubeworms, "eyeless" shrimp, and bacteria that survive on sulfur--deep-sea hot-water springs are found along rifts where sea-floor spreading occurs. The theory of plate tectonics predicted the existence of these hydrothermal vents, but they were discovered only in 1977. Since then the sites have attracted teams of scientists seeking to understand how life can thrive in what would seem to be intolerable or extreme conditions of temperature and fluid chemistry. Some suspect that these vents even hold the key to understanding the very origins of life. Here a leading expert provides the first authoritative and comprehensive account of this research in a book intended for students, professionals, and general readers. Cindy Lee Van Dover, an ecologist, brings nearly two decades of experience and a lively writing style to the text, which is further enhanced by two hundred illustrations, including photographs of vent communities taken in situ. The book begins by explaining what is known about hydrothermal systems in terms of their deep-sea environment and their geological and chemical makeup. The coverage of microbial ecology includes a chapter on symbiosis. Symbiotic relationships are further developed in a section on physiological ecology, which includes discussions of adaptations to sulfide, thermal tolerances, and sensory adaptations. Separate chapters are devoted to trophic relationships and reproductive ecology. A chapter on community dynamics reveals what has been learned about the ways in which vent communities become established and why they persist, while a chapter on evolution and biogeography examines patterns of species diversity and evolutionary relationships within chemosynthetic ecosystems. Cognate communities such as seeps and whale skeletons come under scrutiny for their ability to support microbial and invertebrate communities that are ecologically and evolutionarily related to hydrothermal faunas. The book concludes by exploring the possibility that life originated at hydrothermal vents, a hypothesis that has had tremendous impact on our ideas about the potential for life on other planets or planetary bodies in our solar system.

Hydrothermal vent ecology. --- Antarctic Bottom Water. --- Aquaculture. --- Axial Seamount. --- Bacteria. --- Bathing. --- Bathymodiolus thermophilus. --- Bathymodiolus. --- Bioluminescence. --- Boiling. --- Brine pool. --- Cambrian explosion. --- Chemical industry. --- Chemosynthesis. --- Convection cell. --- Convection. --- Coral reef. --- Cryogenics. --- Cytosol. --- Deep sea fish. --- Deep sea. --- Dialysis tubing. --- Dike (geology). --- East Pacific Rise. --- Efflux (microbiology). --- Electric field. --- Exoskeleton. --- Fatty acid. --- Fault (geology). --- Gastropoda. --- Geochemistry. --- Geothermal energy. --- Glycoside hydrolase. --- Gravitational wave. --- Heat transfer. --- Hydrate. --- Hydrocarbon. --- Hydrogeology. --- Hydrolysis. --- Hydrostatics. --- Hydrothermal circulation. --- Hydrothermal vent. --- In the Water. --- Invertebrate. --- Larva. --- Lava tube. --- Lava. --- Magma chamber. --- Magnetic anomaly. --- Mantle convection. --- Marine biology. --- Marine mammal. --- Marine vertebrate. --- Mendocino Fracture Zone. --- Methane (data page). --- Methane. --- Methanopyrus. --- Microorganism. --- Mid-Atlantic Ridge. --- Mid-ocean ridge. --- Mineralization (biology). --- Mineralization (geology). --- Mussel. --- Nuclear submarine. --- Ocean Drilling Program. --- Ocean acidification. --- Ocean chemistry. --- Oceanic crust. --- Oil field. --- Organism. --- Oxidizing agent. --- Pacific Ocean. --- Permeability (earth sciences). --- Petroleum reservoir. --- Plasma (physics). --- Polychaete. --- Pressure gradient. --- Pyrolysis. --- Radioactive decay. --- Sea pen. --- Seabed. --- Seafloor spreading. --- Seamount. --- Seawater. --- Sediment. --- Seep (hydrology). --- Spawn (biology). --- Subduction. --- Submarine canyon. --- Submarine volcano. --- Submersible. --- Subsurface (software). --- Sulfide. --- Thermodynamic potential. --- Types of volcanic eruptions. --- Urey (crater). --- Volcano. --- Water column. --- Whale fall. --- Whaling. --- Zoology.