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Runoff. --- Precipitation (Meteorology) --- Cloud seeding --- Cloud seeding

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This work investigated the crystallization behavior of palm oil in the presence of palm stearin. Stearin is used as a source of trisaturated triglycerides whose seeding effect is to be studied. The effects of different StStSt concentrations (7.0, 7.1, 7.4, 8.2 and 10.3%) on the crystallization and polymorphic properties of palm oil and its fractions were studied using differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. Results suggest that the addition of IV 20 palm stearin to palm oil has different effects depending on the concentration at which it is added. Surprisingly, the blend with the addition of 1.5% IV 20 stearin (7.4% StStSt) does not have the same behavior as blends with the addition of 3 and 7% IV 20 stearin (8.2 and 10.3% StStSt respectively) and shows promising results (slightly higher olein yield, faster crystallization). A fractionation trial with a shorter crystallization time (150 minutes instead of 240 minutes) showed that the addition of 1.5% IV 20 stearin (7.4% StStSt) can help achieve slightly higher olein yields than those of the reference (palm oil without addition of IV 20 stearin (7.0% StStSt) with a crystallization time of 240 minutes) while maintaining a good quality olein (IV) despite the slightly higher cloud point. The addition of palm stearin to palm oil may be a good way to promote nucleation, which gives a shorter initiation time and therefore, a faster overall crystallization rate. Analysis of the DRX patterns reveals that the addition of 1.5% of IV 20 stearin do not have a significant impact on the polymorphic forms of the stearin cake. On the contrary, the additions of 3 and 7% of IV 20 stearin cause an orientation towards beta forms at the expense of beta prime forms. The stearin-added blends crystallize differently from the reference and analysis of their microstructure reveals the presence of a double crystal population. These results are of practical importance for the fats & oils industry and open new doors for the development of the palm oil dry fractionation process.

dry fractionation --- palm oil --- seeding --- Sciences du vivant > Sciences des denrées alimentaires

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Wetland rice --- Wetland rice --- Sowing --- Sowing --- Tropical zones --- Tropical zones --- Yields --- Yields --- Oryza sativa --- Oryza sativa --- Irri --- Direct seeding --- République dém et pop de Corée --- Irri --- Direct seeding

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Viral marketing is the key to marketing success in the 21st century, and advertising is one of the most important tools in the viral marketing toolkit. This book offers an in-depth look at viral marketing, beginning with a short overview of the history and evolution of the viral marketing term. As well as, differences between connected terms, such as marketing buzz, are explored. The book provides a viral marketing toolkit and explores the use of each tool in social media. Viral advertising, as a significant tool and source of viral message, is discussed in detail and examples of various companies' viral campaigns are described. The discussion also focuses on how and where businesses can post messages with viral objectives and which consumer segment is the focus of the initial targeting initiative. How to contend with negative viral campaigns is another topic of interest debated in the text. This book is intended for a broad audience, including students, and professors in business and communication schools as well as marketing practitioners. The purpose of the book is to clarify the viral marketing term and discuss the key points related to the successful creation and management of a viral marketing campaign.

Social networks. --- Viral marketing. --- word-of-mouse --- word-of-mouth --- viral marketing --- viral advertising --- user generated content --- social network --- social media --- message seeding --- advertising appeals --- buzz marketing --- market mavens

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Satisfying consumer needs through the production of healthy and nutritious agricultural products is a substantial challenge facing modern agriculture. However, agricultural production should be carried out with care for plant health, biological safety of products, and environmental safety while minimizing the risks to human health. Therefore, the implementation of agricultural practices while respecting these principles is very important for improving the quantity and quality of crops. Additionally, ecosystems have been altered as a result of human activities and climate change, resulting in the reduction of biodiversity and creation of new niches where pests can thrive. This is of particular importance in 2020, as the United Nations General Assembly declared this year as the International Year of Plant Health (IYPH), with “protecting plants, protecting life” as a leading subject.This Special Issue promotes the subject of plant health and emphasize the importance of preventing the spread of pests, including weeds, which cause substantial economic losses. Research articles cover topics related to the biology and harmfulness of weeds, particularly in connection with crop health, segetal weed communities and their biodiversity, and integrated methods of weed control. For this Special Issue, we welcome all types of articles, including original research, opinions, and reviews.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Technology, engineering, agriculture --- chamomile --- organic system --- bioproducts --- seeding density --- quantitative weed infestation indicators --- weed species --- fungal diseases --- camelina --- herbicides --- genetic similarity --- phytotoxicity --- formulation --- plant chlorophyll fluorescence --- reduced tillage --- no-till --- ploughing --- winter wheat --- weeds --- seed bank --- invasive weed species --- Glycine max (L.) Merr. --- cropping system --- tillage system --- weed infestation --- biological diversity --- spelt wheat --- cultivars --- crop protection methods --- seeding rate --- yield --- fungi --- mycotoxins --- dose-response --- enzyme activity --- herbicide resistance --- shikimic acid --- slender amaranth --- early potato production --- polypropylene agrotextile --- polyethylene sheeting --- mechanical weed control --- chemical weed control --- potato cultivars --- legume cover crop --- weed control --- organic matter --- nitrogen --- soil physical and biological properties --- soil erosion --- exotic Tamarix --- riparian zone --- biodiversity --- richness --- diversity --- evenness --- biodiversity indicators --- weed --- organic farming --- low-input conventional farming --- Shannon's index --- Simpson's index --- potato --- biodiversity of weeds --- mechanical method --- chemical method --- monocotyledonous weeds --- dicotyledonous weeds --- lupin --- yielding --- cultivation intensification --- production cost --- segetal flora --- weed quantity --- weed mass --- grain species --- legume --- Salix viminalis L. crops --- energy crops --- dynamic of flora --- age of plantation --- willow plantation --- invasive species --- medicinal species --- melliferous species --- chamomile --- organic system --- bioproducts --- seeding density --- quantitative weed infestation indicators --- weed species --- fungal diseases --- camelina --- herbicides --- genetic similarity --- phytotoxicity --- formulation --- plant chlorophyll fluorescence --- reduced tillage --- no-till --- ploughing --- winter wheat --- weeds --- seed bank --- invasive weed species --- Glycine max (L.) Merr. --- cropping system --- tillage system --- weed infestation --- biological diversity --- spelt wheat --- cultivars --- crop protection methods --- seeding rate --- yield --- fungi --- mycotoxins --- dose-response --- enzyme activity --- herbicide resistance --- shikimic acid --- slender amaranth --- early potato production --- polypropylene agrotextile --- polyethylene sheeting --- mechanical weed control --- chemical weed control --- potato cultivars --- legume cover crop --- weed control --- organic matter --- nitrogen --- soil physical and biological properties --- soil erosion --- exotic Tamarix --- riparian zone --- biodiversity --- richness --- diversity --- evenness --- biodiversity indicators --- weed --- organic farming --- low-input conventional farming --- Shannon's index --- Simpson's index --- potato --- biodiversity of weeds --- mechanical method --- chemical method --- monocotyledonous weeds --- dicotyledonous weeds --- lupin --- yielding --- cultivation intensification --- production cost --- segetal flora --- weed quantity --- weed mass --- grain species --- legume --- Salix viminalis L. crops --- energy crops --- dynamic of flora --- age of plantation --- willow plantation --- invasive species --- medicinal species --- melliferous species