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In Wars of Law, Tanisha M. Fazal assesses the unintended consequences of the proliferation of the laws of war for the commencement, conduct, and conclusion of wars over the course of the past one hundred fifty years.After a brief history of the codification of international humanitarian law (IHL), Fazal outlines three main arguments: early laws of war favored belligerents but more recent additions have constrained them; this shift may be attributable to a growing divide between lawmakers and those who must comply with IHL; and lawmakers have been consistently inattentive to how rebel groups might receive these laws.By using the laws of war strategically, Fazal suggests, belligerents in both interstate and civil wars relate those laws to their big-picture goals. In Wars of Law, we learn that, as codified IHL proliferates and changes in character-with an ever-greater focus on protected persons-states fighting interstate wars become increasingly reluctant to step over any bright lines that unequivocally oblige them to comply with IHL. On the other hand, Fazal argues, secessionists fighting wars for independence are more likely to engage with the laws of war because they have strong incentives to persuade the international community that, if admitted to the club of states, they will be good and capable members of that club.Why have states stopped issuing formal declarations of war? Why have states stopped concluding formal peace treaties? Why are civil wars especially likely to end in peace treaties today? Addressing such basic questions about international conflict, Fazal provides a lively and intriguing account of the implications of the laws of war.

Conflict of laws --- Humanitarian law --- War (International law) --- Humanitarian conventions --- International humanitarian law --- Choice of law --- Intermunicipal law --- International law, Private --- International private law --- Private international law --- Law --- Legal polycentricity --- History. --- Civil law --- laws of war. --- secessionism, international humanitarian law, interstate war, civilian targeting.

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The Spanish nation has been contested almost since its conception in the early nineteenth century, and the Spanish state has therefore been involved in perpetual conflicts between various nationalisms, particularly between different versions of Spanish nationalism as well as between Spanish majority nationalism and various minority nationalisms. At different times in history, the conflicts have revived and turned into organizing principles of the political communities in Spain, as communities in conflict or contention but, nevertheless, as communities providing the Spaniards with different senses of belonging. In recent times, both lines of contention have been activated again, and in this volume, we focus particularly on the conflict between majority and minority nationalism, which has been revived from approximately 2010 around the Catalan separatist conflict, but other sub-state identities are potentially conflictual as well. Both the state-wide – Spanish – as well as the sub-state actors try to develop feelings of territorial attachments to the Spanish political community or to the respective sub-state political communities, and both use emotions and feelings to secure support and to assert or claim sovereignty for the political community in question. The contributions in this volume shed light on various issues related to these questions.

Peace studies & conflict resolution --- International relations --- Catalonia --- language --- class --- identity --- three-cornered conflict --- independence --- Alternative für Deutschland --- Vox España --- national identity --- nationalism --- nativism --- crisis --- Islamophobia --- European Union --- Spain --- radical right --- VOX --- Andalusia --- voting behaviour --- transnationalism --- immigration --- emigration --- migration --- homeland tourism --- Galicia --- America --- regionalism --- interculturalism --- Andalusi music --- heritage --- migrations --- coexistence --- plurinationality --- spain --- autonomy --- intersubjective national identity --- secessionism --- household net income --- family/mother language --- Spanish conservatives --- authoritarism --- regime-changing --- political culture --- Spanish transition --- Alianza Popular --- Manuel Fraga --- nation --- patria (fatherland) --- patriotism --- citizenship --- deliberation --- self-government --- early modern history --- modern history --- historiography --- civil society --- memory space --- commemorations --- mixed methods --- protest --- social media

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The Spanish nation has been contested almost since its conception in the early nineteenth century, and the Spanish state has therefore been involved in perpetual conflicts between various nationalisms, particularly between different versions of Spanish nationalism as well as between Spanish majority nationalism and various minority nationalisms. At different times in history, the conflicts have revived and turned into organizing principles of the political communities in Spain, as communities in conflict or contention but, nevertheless, as communities providing the Spaniards with different senses of belonging. In recent times, both lines of contention have been activated again, and in this volume, we focus particularly on the conflict between majority and minority nationalism, which has been revived from approximately 2010 around the Catalan separatist conflict, but other sub-state identities are potentially conflictual as well. Both the state-wide – Spanish – as well as the sub-state actors try to develop feelings of territorial attachments to the Spanish political community or to the respective sub-state political communities, and both use emotions and feelings to secure support and to assert or claim sovereignty for the political community in question. The contributions in this volume shed light on various issues related to these questions.

Peace studies & conflict resolution --- International relations --- Catalonia --- language --- class --- identity --- three-cornered conflict --- independence --- Alternative für Deutschland --- Vox España --- national identity --- nationalism --- nativism --- crisis --- Islamophobia --- European Union --- Spain --- radical right --- VOX --- Andalusia --- voting behaviour --- transnationalism --- immigration --- emigration --- migration --- homeland tourism --- Galicia --- America --- regionalism --- interculturalism --- Andalusi music --- heritage --- migrations --- coexistence --- plurinationality --- spain --- autonomy --- intersubjective national identity --- secessionism --- household net income --- family/mother language --- Spanish conservatives --- authoritarism --- regime-changing --- political culture --- Spanish transition --- Alianza Popular --- Manuel Fraga --- nation --- patria (fatherland) --- patriotism --- citizenship --- deliberation --- self-government --- early modern history --- modern history --- historiography --- civil society --- memory space --- commemorations --- mixed methods --- protest --- social media --- Catalonia --- language --- class --- identity --- three-cornered conflict --- independence --- Alternative für Deutschland --- Vox España --- national identity --- nationalism --- nativism --- crisis --- Islamophobia --- European Union --- Spain --- radical right --- VOX --- Andalusia --- voting behaviour --- transnationalism --- immigration --- emigration --- migration --- homeland tourism --- Galicia --- America --- regionalism --- interculturalism --- Andalusi music --- heritage --- migrations --- coexistence --- plurinationality --- spain --- autonomy --- intersubjective national identity --- secessionism --- household net income --- family/mother language --- Spanish conservatives --- authoritarism --- regime-changing --- political culture --- Spanish transition --- Alianza Popular --- Manuel Fraga --- nation --- patria (fatherland) --- patriotism --- citizenship --- deliberation --- self-government --- early modern history --- modern history --- historiography --- civil society --- memory space --- commemorations --- mixed methods --- protest --- social media