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In June 2015 we held a workshop on the beautiful island of Mallorca, Spain with a focus on sea level variability and change. Over 120 sea level experts from around the world attended this workshop, from a range of different disciplines. The main aims of the workshop were to: 1.) Evaluate the current state-of-knowledge of sea level science; 2.) Identify gaps and unresolved questions in any aspect of sea level science; and 3.) Design future research to address these issue. All aspects of sea level changes were covered, from global to regional, observations and modelling, processes driving mean sea level changes and extremes, from the geological scale to the instrumental era and future projections and including impacts on the coastal zones. This E-Book presents papers that came out of that workshop. Overall, these papers illustrate the multi-disciplinary nature of sea level research, cross-cutting many fields of research including: oceanography, meteorology, geology, coastal morphodynamics, engineering and the social-economic aspects. Collectively, theses articles represent an interesting range of perspectives and original studies that contribute to understanding the dynamic nature of sea level and its impacts across a wide range of time and space scales. Enjoy reading them!

Tide gauges --- Climate Change --- storm surge --- satellite altimetry --- Meteotsunamis --- Extreme sea levels --- Coastal morphology --- coastal flooding --- Tides --- sea level rise

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Paul Wolfowitz, President of the World Bank, discussed how to meet the rising demand for energy while reducing our carbon footprint. Rich countries need to lead by example, renovating and replacing infrastructure and investing in clean technology. Rich countries also need to lead with direct support to developing nations, both to reduce poverty and reduce carbon emissions. Moving to a low carbon path will require investments, and a long-term equitable global regulatory framework to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The Bank has been actively supporting climate-friendly solutions in four areas: efficiency and conservation, renewable energy, forest preservation, and adaptation to climate change.

Adaptation to Climate Change --- Air Pollution --- Carbon Emissions --- Carbon Finance --- Carbon Intensity --- Clean Energy --- Climate --- Climate Change --- Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases --- Coal --- Commercial Banks --- Conservation --- Deforestation --- Electricity --- Emission Reductions --- Emissions --- Energy --- Energy Consumption --- Energy Efficiency --- Environment --- Environmental Economics & Policies --- Ethanol --- Expenditures --- Floods --- Forests --- Fossil Fuels --- Fuels --- Hydropower --- Land --- Landfills --- Methane --- Natural Gas --- Renewable Energy --- Sea Levels --- Trade --- Water

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In the next century, sea levels are predicted to rise at unprecedented rates, causing flooding around the world, from the islands of Malaysia and the canals of Venice to the coasts of Florida and California. These rising water levels pose serious challenges to all aspects of coastal existence-chiefly economic, residential, and environmental-as well as to the cartographic definition and mapping of coasts. It is this facet of coastal life that Mark Monmonier tackles in Coast Lines. Setting sail on a journey across shifting landscapes, cartographic technology, and climate change, Monmonier reveals that coastlines are as much a set of ideas, assumptions, and societal beliefs as they are solid black lines on maps. Whether for sailing charts or property maps, Monmonier shows, coastlines challenge mapmakers to capture on paper a highly irregular land-water boundary perturbed by tides and storms and complicated by rocks, wrecks, and shoals. Coast Lines is peppered with captivating anecdotes about the frustrating effort to expunge fictitious islands from nautical charts, the tricky measurement of a coastline's length, and the contentious notions of beachfront property and public access. Combing maritime history and the history of technology, Coast Lines charts the historical progression from offshore sketches to satellite images and explores the societal impact of coastal cartography on everything from global warming to homeland security. Returning to the form of his celebrated Air Apparent, Monmonier ably renders the topic of coastal cartography accessible to both general readers and historians of science, technology, and maritime studies. In the post-Katrina era, when the map of entire regions can be redrawn by a single natural event, the issues he raises are more important than ever.

Coastal mapping. --- Environmental monitoring. --- Biomonitoring (Ecology) --- Ecological monitoring --- Environmental quality --- Monitoring, Environmental --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Pollution --- Charting, Coastal --- Coast mapping --- Coastal charting --- Coastal zone mapping --- Coastline mapping --- Coasts --- Cartography --- Measurement --- Monitoring --- Charting --- Mapping --- mapmaking, cartography, geography, climate change, global warming, environment, nature, environmentalism, sea levels, flooding, natural disaster, extreme weather, malaysia, canals, venice, coasts, florida, california, coastline, technology, science, nonfiction, nautical charts, public access, beachfront property, tides, storms, shipwreck, shoals, satellite images, homeland security, maritime, environmental monitoring, coastal mapping.

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Paul Wolfowitz, President of the World Bank, remarked that we are seeing today an emerging global consensus that we must do something about climate change. But equally important is the agenda to reduce poverty. We face this double challenge of reducing damaging carbon emissions, and still meeting the energy demands of the world's poor. The role of the World Bank Group is to provide technical support to pilot innovative ideas, to work with countries to develop alternative strategies, and to listen and partner with the private sector which is going to provide much of the engine in innovation and financing. Carbon trading could generate resource flows in the order of USD 200 billion a year. The Bank is helping developing countries to move to a lower carbon path by exploiting renewable energy resources, supporting energy conservation, and increasing efficiency. Second, the Bank is playing a role is in promoting new technology. The third focus of the Bank is to prevent deforestation. Fourth, the Bank is among the leaders in addressing adaptation to climate risk by pioneering insurance work. We need to act sooner rather than later, today rather than tomorrow.

Carbon Emissions --- Carbon Finance --- Carbon Intensity --- Clean Energy --- Climate --- Climate Change --- Climate Change Economics --- Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases --- Coal --- Conservation --- Deforestation --- Emissions --- Energy --- Energy and Environment --- Energy Efficiency --- Environment --- Environment and Energy Efficiency --- Ethanol --- Extreme Weather Events --- Feasibility --- Finance --- Financial Institutions --- Floods --- Forests --- Fossil Fuels --- Fuels --- Global Environment Facility --- Insurance --- International Financial Institutions --- Land --- Land Management --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Natural Disasters --- Renewable Energy --- Sea Levels --- Water

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Take this book to the beach; it will open up a whole new world. Illustrated throughout with color photographs, maps, and graphics, it explores one of the planet's most dynamic environments-from tourist beaches to Arctic beaches strewn with ice chunks to steaming hot tropical shores. The World's Beaches tells how beaches work, explains why they vary so much, and shows how dramatic changes can occur on them in a matter of hours. It discusses tides, waves, and wind; the patterns of dunes, washover fans, and wrack lines; and the shape of berms, bars, shell lags, cusps, ripples, and blisters. What is the world's longest beach? Why do some beaches sing when you walk on them? Why do some have dark rings on their surface and tiny holes scattered far and wide? This fascinating, comprehensive guide also considers the future of beaches, and explains how extensively people have affected them-from coastal engineering to pollution, oil spills, and rising sea levels.

Beaches. --- Seashore. --- Coasts. --- Coast changes. --- Coastal erosion --- Coasts --- Shore erosion --- Littoral drift --- Physical geography --- Coastal landforms --- Coastal zones --- Coastlines --- Landforms --- Seashore --- Sea shore --- Sea shores --- Seashores --- Shore, Sea --- Shores, Sea --- Beaches --- Erosion --- Coast changes --- arctic beaches. --- bars. --- beach ecosystems. --- beach environments. --- beach guides. --- beach variety. --- beaches. --- berms. --- blisters. --- coastal engineering. --- color photographs. --- cusps. --- dunes. --- earth sciences. --- global beaches. --- guidebook. --- illustrated. --- maps. --- natural sciences. --- natural variety. --- nonfiction. --- oceans. --- oil spills. --- pollution. --- ripples. --- rising sea levels. --- scientists. --- shell lags. --- shorelines. --- tides. --- tourist destinations. --- tropical shores. --- washover fans. --- waves. --- wind. --- wrack lines.