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Agricultural innovation has played a critical role in the economic transformation of developing East Asian countries over the past half century. The Green Revolution-in the form of modern seed varieties, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and modern machinery-has contributed to increased crop yields and farm incomes, and decreased poverty across the region. Although policy makers' traditional focus on expanding and intensifying agricultural production has brought many benefits, the focus on productivity has come at a rising cost. The environmental sustainability of agricultural production is increasingly under threat. Moreover, as countries in the region have become more urbanized and demand for processed foods has risen, inadequate food safety systems and related food safety hazards have created a new form of food insecurity. As detailed in Agricultural Innovation in Developing East Asia: Productivity, Safety, and Sustainability, a new generation of innovation in agriculture has the potential to address the challenges of productivity, sustainability, and food safety to deliver a "triple win." To make the most of this promising wave of agricultural innovations, policy makers in the region will need to act to strengthen countries' agricultural innovation systems. This effort will require a cross-cutting approach, including policy and institutional reforms, improved governance of countries' agri-food systems, and efforts to build farmers' and firms' capacities to adopt new technologies and to innovate.

Agricultural Extension Services --- Agricultural innovation --- Agricultural Innovation Systems --- Agro-Food Systems --- AIS --- Farmers --- Food Safety --- Innovation Policy --- Nutrition --- Productivity --- Science, Technology, and Innovation --- Skills for Innovation --- STI --- Sustainability

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This biennial publication aims to inform policy makers and analysts on recent and future changes in global science, technology and innovation (STI) patterns and their potential implications on and for national and international STI policies. Based on the most recent data available, the report provides comparative analysis of new policies and instruments being used in OECD countries and a number of major emerging economies (including Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, the Russian Federation and South Africa) to boost the contribution of science and innovation to growth and to global and social challenges.

Science, technology and innovation outlook 2016. --- Technology indicators --- Science indicators --- Technology and state --- Science and state --- Science --- Science policy --- State and science --- State, The --- State and technology --- Technology --- Endowment of research --- Indicators, Science --- Technological forecasting --- Government policy --- Philosophy --- Social aspects

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This book deals with sustainable agriculture at a time of climate change. It seeks to identify a number of solutions to deal with the agricultural stresses caused by climate change. These range from the identification and cultivation of appropriate crop varieties and the adoption of climate adaptive agricultural practices. Significant sustainable agricultural innovation is required to deal with these challenges. Intellectual property rights (IPRs) may be of crucial importance for modern agriculture. They serve to make R&D in agriculture attractive, by encouraging investment in new technologies and generating tradeable assets. A number of the chapters of this book refer to the principal IPRs relevant to agricultural innovation, namely: (i) patents, which protect inventions; (ii) plant variety rights, which protect the breeding of new and distinct plant varieties; and (iii) trademarks and geographical indications, which facilitate the marketing of products by providing protection for the symbols of their manufacturing or geographic origin. The United Nations Climate Change Panel has urged the consideration of the agricultural practices of traditional communities and some of these practices particularly involving rice, banana, and brassica cultivation are explored in the book. This book is essential reading for officials of governments and international organizations concerned with sustainability, as well as scholars and students concerned with these subjects

Research. --- Biology. --- Technology. --- Engineering. --- Agriculture. --- alternative energy source --- Ethiopian mustard --- sustainability --- agricultural green development --- entropy weight method --- spatial heterogeneity --- spatial spillover effect --- China --- rice yields --- climate change --- phenology --- relative contribution --- partial correlation --- seed security --- banana tissue culture planting material --- uptake --- banana farmers --- central Uganda --- traditional rice economics --- institutional --- socio-demographic factors --- multinomial logit model --- constraints --- China-Africa cooperation --- agricultural program --- agricultural training --- technology adoption --- dams --- agriculture --- livelihoods --- health --- schistosomiasis --- restoration --- sustainable development --- climate adaptation --- rice–wheat cropping system --- South Asia --- water requirements --- nitrogen --- direct seeding --- agricultural science, technology and innovation --- Innovation efficiency --- DEA --- G20 --- productivity --- efficiency --- food security --- digital agriculture --- smart farming --- digitalization --- digital technologies --- Middle East and North Africa --- decision making --- instrumental variable --- neighbourhood effects --- rice farmers --- risk attitudes --- spatial dependence --- agricultural innovation --- sustainable agriculture --- plant breeding --- cereals --- intellectual property --- agricultural law --- plant variety rights --- seed marketing --- European Union --- fertilizer --- knowledge --- attitude --- ease of use --- motivation --- work performance --- n/a --- rice-wheat cropping system

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Higher education has been considered both an ‘engine’ for innovation and a ‘catalyst’ for sustainability development; the integration of both the innovation engine and sustainability catalyst roles are discussed in a recently published Special Issue on the theme of Higher Education in Innovation Ecosystems in the journal Sustainability. Based on 16 articles contributing to the Special Issue from various perspectives, the Special Issue editors have developed an overarching framework about the relationships between higher education and innovation ecosystems. In the framework, we re-define the concept of innovation ecosystem and identify emerging roles of universities in developing sustainable innovation ecosystems. Re-conceptualization of innovation ecosystems In the editorial of the Special Issue, innovation ecosystem is defined as: co-innovation networks in which actors from organizations concerned with the functions of knowledge production, wealth creation, and norm control interact with each other in forming co-evolution and interdependent relations (both direct or indirect) in cross-geographical contexts and through which new ideas and approaches from various internal and external sources are integrated into a platform to generate shared values for the sustainable transformation of society. Compared with most commonly cited definitions of innovation ecosystem, our definition highlights three new aspects of interactions in co-innovation networks: cross-sectoral, transnational, and indirect, drawing insights from the literature including innovation, geography, and biology studies. The roles of universities in innovation ecosystems The emerging roles of universities in innovation ecosystems are as follows: (1) The role of universities is changing from being a central player in technology transfer to being an anchor in knowledge exchange; (2) universities are assuming a new role in trust-building between actors in innovation ecosystems; and (3) universities are not merely an entrepreneurial universities but are also institutional entrepreneur in the innovation ecosystem. The three emerging roles all indicate that universities are becoming the catalysts for sustainable development in innovation ecosystems. Knowledge exchange is crucial for sustainability; trust is the foundation of the sustainable networks; social entrepreneurship is indispensable for sustainable social change. Evidence in wider contexts A total of 44 authors from 10 countries contributed to the discussions on the changing roles of higher education in innovation ecosystems from varying perspectives. They also report transformations within higher education and universities’ responses to both external and internal transformations. When addressing these issues, the studies provide both theoretical and methodological contributions to the research on higher education in innovation ecosystems. The 16 articles can be generally placed into four categories: (1) new demands for universities arising from the transformation in society toward innovation ecosystems, (2) transformations within higher education responding to emerging societal demands, (3) dynamics of the interaction of university with other innovation actors in a transnational context, and (4) academic and student mobility for higher education innovation. Calling for a new research agenda While societal changes demand broader roles of universities, they also call for and leads to substantial changes within the internal fabric of the university. The innovations in both society and the universities necessitate a renewed understanding of higher education in society, which has become a new research agenda in studies on innovation in higher education. We hope our Special Issue will inspire and encourage more scholars to join the research field.

Humanities --- Education --- transnational industry cooperation --- transnational university cooperation --- transnational innovation ecosystem --- EU–China --- science, technology and innovation cooperation --- transdisciplinary approach --- artificial intelligence --- machine learning --- Higher Education --- University --- Entrepreneurial competences --- Employability --- Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) --- Open Innovation --- business creation --- technology transfer --- innovation --- innovation ecosystem --- entrepreneurship education --- science and technology --- sustainability --- higher education --- educational innovation --- Mexico --- academic mobility --- knowledge transfer --- higher education innovation --- institutional environment --- postgraduate education --- education level --- discipline background --- graduation institution --- R&amp --- D investment --- triple helix --- synergy mechanism --- national system of innovation --- China --- Belt and Road Initiative --- developmental model of intercultural sensitivity --- general model of instructional communication --- instructional beliefs model --- intercultural communication competence model --- green GDP --- environment --- sustainable development --- global innovation systems --- Chinese research university --- faculty income --- academic labor market --- ordinary labor market --- joint R&amp --- D institute --- institutional logics --- China’s innovation system --- China’s transnational Triple Helix linkages --- problem-solving --- critical reflection --- knowledge integration --- social learning --- systemic thinking --- entrepreneurial university --- entrepreneurship --- influencing factors --- sustainable universities --- corporate sustainability --- tensions --- integrative framework --- Finnish universities --- higher education system --- social entrepreneurship --- entrepreneurial universities --- business model innovation --- socialist economies --- Cuba --- knowledge brokers --- knowledge intensive policies --- smart specialisation --- innovation ecosystems --- global talent --- social integration --- economic integration --- Chinese student --- Finland --- university --- third mission --- knowledge-based society --- global innovation networks

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Higher education has been considered both an ‘engine’ for innovation and a ‘catalyst’ for sustainability development; the integration of both the innovation engine and sustainability catalyst roles are discussed in a recently published Special Issue on the theme of Higher Education in Innovation Ecosystems in the journal Sustainability. Based on 16 articles contributing to the Special Issue from various perspectives, the Special Issue editors have developed an overarching framework about the relationships between higher education and innovation ecosystems. In the framework, we re-define the concept of innovation ecosystem and identify emerging roles of universities in developing sustainable innovation ecosystems. Re-conceptualization of innovation ecosystems In the editorial of the Special Issue, innovation ecosystem is defined as: co-innovation networks in which actors from organizations concerned with the functions of knowledge production, wealth creation, and norm control interact with each other in forming co-evolution and interdependent relations (both direct or indirect) in cross-geographical contexts and through which new ideas and approaches from various internal and external sources are integrated into a platform to generate shared values for the sustainable transformation of society. Compared with most commonly cited definitions of innovation ecosystem, our definition highlights three new aspects of interactions in co-innovation networks: cross-sectoral, transnational, and indirect, drawing insights from the literature including innovation, geography, and biology studies. The roles of universities in innovation ecosystems The emerging roles of universities in innovation ecosystems are as follows: (1) The role of universities is changing from being a central player in technology transfer to being an anchor in knowledge exchange; (2) universities are assuming a new role in trust-building between actors in innovation ecosystems; and (3) universities are not merely an entrepreneurial universities but are also institutional entrepreneur in the innovation ecosystem. The three emerging roles all indicate that universities are becoming the catalysts for sustainable development in innovation ecosystems. Knowledge exchange is crucial for sustainability; trust is the foundation of the sustainable networks; social entrepreneurship is indispensable for sustainable social change. Evidence in wider contexts A total of 44 authors from 10 countries contributed to the discussions on the changing roles of higher education in innovation ecosystems from varying perspectives. They also report transformations within higher education and universities’ responses to both external and internal transformations. When addressing these issues, the studies provide both theoretical and methodological contributions to the research on higher education in innovation ecosystems. The 16 articles can be generally placed into four categories: (1) new demands for universities arising from the transformation in society toward innovation ecosystems, (2) transformations within higher education responding to emerging societal demands, (3) dynamics of the interaction of university with other innovation actors in a transnational context, and (4) academic and student mobility for higher education innovation. Calling for a new research agenda While societal changes demand broader roles of universities, they also call for and leads to substantial changes within the internal fabric of the university. The innovations in both society and the universities necessitate a renewed understanding of higher education in society, which has become a new research agenda in studies on innovation in higher education. We hope our Special Issue will inspire and encourage more scholars to join the research field.

Humanities --- Education --- transnational industry cooperation --- transnational university cooperation --- transnational innovation ecosystem --- EU–China --- science, technology and innovation cooperation --- transdisciplinary approach --- artificial intelligence --- machine learning --- Higher Education --- University --- Entrepreneurial competences --- Employability --- Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) --- Open Innovation --- business creation --- technology transfer --- innovation --- innovation ecosystem --- entrepreneurship education --- science and technology --- sustainability --- higher education --- educational innovation --- Mexico --- academic mobility --- knowledge transfer --- higher education innovation --- institutional environment --- postgraduate education --- education level --- discipline background --- graduation institution --- R&amp --- D investment --- triple helix --- synergy mechanism --- national system of innovation --- China --- Belt and Road Initiative --- developmental model of intercultural sensitivity --- general model of instructional communication --- instructional beliefs model --- intercultural communication competence model --- green GDP --- environment --- sustainable development --- global innovation systems --- Chinese research university --- faculty income --- academic labor market --- ordinary labor market --- joint R&amp --- D institute --- institutional logics --- China’s innovation system --- China’s transnational Triple Helix linkages --- problem-solving --- critical reflection --- knowledge integration --- social learning --- systemic thinking --- entrepreneurial university --- entrepreneurship --- influencing factors --- sustainable universities --- corporate sustainability --- tensions --- integrative framework --- Finnish universities --- higher education system --- social entrepreneurship --- entrepreneurial universities --- business model innovation --- socialist economies --- Cuba --- knowledge brokers --- knowledge intensive policies --- smart specialisation --- innovation ecosystems --- global talent --- social integration --- economic integration --- Chinese student --- Finland --- university --- third mission --- knowledge-based society --- global innovation networks