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"The emergence of cloud computing marks the moment when computing has become, materially and symbolically, infrastructure -- a sociotechnical system that is ubiquitous, essential, and foundational. Increasingly integral to the operation of other critical infrastructures, such as transportation, energy, and finance, it functions, in effect, as a meta-infrastructure. As such, the cloud raises a variety of policy and governance issues, among them market regulation, fairness, access, reliability, privacy, national security, and copyright. In this book, experts from a range of disciplines offer their perspectives on these and other concerns. The contributors consider such topics as the economic implications of the cloud's shifting of computing resources from ownership to rental; the capacity of regulation to promote reliability while preserving innovation; the applicability of contract theory to enforce service guarantees; the differing approaches to privacy taken by United State and the European Union in the post-Snowden era; the delocalization or geographic dispersal of the archive; and the cloud-based virtual representations of our body in electronic health data."

Telecommunication policy. --- Cloud computing --- Government policy. --- Social aspects. --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/General --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/Communications & Telecommunications

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Webster describes factors that create audiences, including preferences and habits of media users, the role of social networks, the resources and strategies of media providers, and the growing impact of media measures--from ratings to user recommendations. He shows that the marketplace works in ways that belie our greatest hopes and fears about digital media and shows that public attention is at once diverse and concentrated--that users move across a variety of outlets, producing high levels of audience overlap. He questions whether our preferences are immune from media influence, and he describes how our encounters with media might change our tastes. Webster claims we typically encounter ideas that cut across our predispositions. In the process, we will remake the marketplace of ideas and reshape the twenty-first century public sphere. --

Médias --- Mass media --- Publics --- Audiences. --- Audiences --- E-books --- Audiences, Mass media --- Social aspects --- Publics. --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/Communications & Telecommunications --- PHYSICAL SCIENCES/General --- SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY/General --- Médias

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With Obfuscation, Finn Brunton and Helen Nissenbaum mean to start a revolution. They are calling us not to the barricades but to our computers, offering us ways to fight today's pervasive digital surveillance -- the collection of our data by governments, corporations, advertisers, and hackers. To the toolkit of privacy protecting techniques and projects, they propose adding obfuscation: the deliberate use of ambiguous, confusing, or misleading information to interfere with surveillance and data collection projects. Brunton and Nissenbaum provide tools and a rationale for evasion, noncompliance, refusal, even sabotage -- especially for average users, those of us not in a position to opt out or exert control over data about ourselves. Obfuscation will teach users to push back, software developers to keep their user data safe, and policy makers to gather data without misusing it.Brunton and Nissenbaum present a guide to the forms and formats that obfuscation has taken and explain how to craft its implementation to suit the goal and the adversary. They describe a series of historical and contemporary examples, including radar chaff deployed by World War II pilots, Twitter bots that hobbled the social media strategy of popular protest movements, and software that can camouflage users' search queries and stymie online advertising. They go on to consider obfuscation in more general terms, discussing why obfuscation is necessary, whether it is justified, how it works, and how it can be integrated with other privacy practices and technologies.

Privacy, Right of --- Information technology --- Information policy --- Social aspects --- E-books --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/Internet Studies --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/Technology & Policy --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/Communications & Telecommunications

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Behind-the-scenes stories of how Internet research projects actually get done.The realm of the digital offers both new methods of research and new objects of study. Because the digital environment for scholarship is constantly evolving, researchers must sometimes improvise, change their plans, and adapt. These details are often left out of research write-ups, leaving newcomers to the field frustrated when their approaches do not work as expected. Digital Research Confidential offers scholars a chance to learn from their fellow researchers' mistakes--and their successes. The book--a follow-up to Eszter Hargittai's widely read Research Confidential--presents behind-the-scenes, nuts-and-bolts stories of digital research projects, written by established and rising scholars. They discuss such challenges as archiving, Web crawling, crowdsourcing, and confidentiality. They do not shrink from specifics, describing such research hiccups as an ethnographic interview so emotionally draining that afterward the researcher retreated to a bathroom to cry, and the seemingly simple research question about Wikipedia that mushroomed into years of work on millions of data points. Digital Research Confidential will be an essential resource for scholars in every field.ContributorsMegan Sapnar Ankerson, danah boyd, Amy Bruckman, Casey Fiesler, Brooke Foucault Welles, Darren Gergle, Eric Gilbert, Eszter Hargittai, Brent Hecht, Aron Hsiao, Karrie Karahalios, Paul Leonardi, Kurt Luther, Virag Molnar, Christian Sandvig, Aaron Shaw, Michelle Shumate, Matthew Weber

Social sciences --- Social networks --- Internet searching. --- Social scientists --- Research. --- Attitudes. --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/Internet Studies --- SOCIAL SCIENCES/Sociology --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/Communications & Telecommunications

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The contributors to this volume examine issues raised by the intersection of new communications technologies and public policy in this post-boom, post-bust era. Originally presented at the 30th Research Conference on Communication, Information, and Internet Policy (TPRC 2002)--traditionally a showcase for the best academic research on this topic--their work combines hard data and deep analysis to explore the dynamic interplay between technological development and society. The chapters in the first section consider the ways society conceptualizes new information technologies and their implications for law and policy, examining the common metaphor of "cyberspace as place," alternative definitions of the Internet, the concept of a namespace, and measures of diffusion. The chapters in the second section discuss how technological change may force the rethinking of legal rights; topics considered include spectrum rights, intellectual property, copyright and "paracopyright," and the abridgement of constitutional rights by commercial rights in ISP rules. Chapters in the third and final section examine the constant adjustment and reinterpretation of regulations in response to technological change, considering, among other subjects, liability regimes for common carriers and the 1996 detariffing rule, privacy and enhanced 911, and the residual effect of state ownership on privatized telecommunication carriers. The policy implications of Rethinking Rights and Regulations are clear: major institutional changes may be the necessary response to major advances in telecommunications technology.

Information society --- Telecommunication policy --- Internet --- Information technology --- Government policy --- Social aspects --- Management --- DARPA Internet --- Internet (Computer network) --- Wide area networks (Computer networks) --- World Wide Web --- E-books --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/Technology & Policy --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/Communications & Telecommunications