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This book brings together a total of six papers in an interdisciplinary way at the border of natural disasters and cultural heritage. There is a need for studying and documenting cultural heritage in Arctic landscapes, as these are the most affected by climate change. Remote sensing represents a powerful tool in the monitoring, management and safeguarding of cultural heritage. Sites included in the UNESCO World Heritage List should receive more attention from both geoscientists and social scientists. Urbanization has a short- and long-lasting effect on the conservation of cultural heritage.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography --- cultural heritage --- frequency ratio --- AUC --- predictive modelling --- GIS --- Kvamme’s Gain --- north-eastern Romania --- coastal erosion --- shoreline --- monitoring --- geomorphological mapping --- Svalbard --- DSAS --- high Arctic --- muqarnas --- Alhambra --- graphic analysis --- drawings --- 3D laser scanner --- historical images --- UNESCO --- Spain --- erosion --- Beothuk --- GRASS --- photogrammetry --- UAV --- Newfoundland --- remote sensing --- Earth observation --- satellite imagery --- multi-temporal analysis --- urban heat island --- persistent scatterer interferometry --- long-term monitoring --- cultural heritage assessment --- Alba Iulia (Apulum) --- LiDAR --- satellite image --- aerial image --- High North --- cultural heritage --- frequency ratio --- AUC --- predictive modelling --- GIS --- Kvamme’s Gain --- north-eastern Romania --- coastal erosion --- shoreline --- monitoring --- geomorphological mapping --- Svalbard --- DSAS --- high Arctic --- muqarnas --- Alhambra --- graphic analysis --- drawings --- 3D laser scanner --- historical images --- UNESCO --- Spain --- erosion --- Beothuk --- GRASS --- photogrammetry --- UAV --- Newfoundland --- remote sensing --- Earth observation --- satellite imagery --- multi-temporal analysis --- urban heat island --- persistent scatterer interferometry --- long-term monitoring --- cultural heritage assessment --- Alba Iulia (Apulum) --- LiDAR --- satellite image --- aerial image --- High North

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This book brings together a total of six papers in an interdisciplinary way at the border of natural disasters and cultural heritage. There is a need for studying and documenting cultural heritage in Arctic landscapes, as these are the most affected by climate change. Remote sensing represents a powerful tool in the monitoring, management and safeguarding of cultural heritage. Sites included in the UNESCO World Heritage List should receive more attention from both geoscientists and social scientists. Urbanization has a short- and long-lasting effect on the conservation of cultural heritage.

cultural heritage --- frequency ratio --- AUC --- predictive modelling --- GIS --- Kvamme’s Gain --- north-eastern Romania --- coastal erosion --- shoreline --- monitoring --- geomorphological mapping --- Svalbard --- DSAS --- high Arctic --- muqarnas --- Alhambra --- graphic analysis --- drawings --- 3D laser scanner --- historical images --- UNESCO --- Spain --- erosion --- Beothuk --- GRASS --- photogrammetry --- UAV --- Newfoundland --- remote sensing --- Earth observation --- satellite imagery --- multi-temporal analysis --- urban heat island --- persistent scatterer interferometry --- long-term monitoring --- cultural heritage assessment --- Alba Iulia (Apulum) --- LiDAR --- satellite image --- aerial image --- High North

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This book includes 23 published papers on Special issues of "Image and Video Processing and Recognition Based on Artificial Intelligence" in the journal Sensors. The purpose of this Special Issue was to invite high-quality and state-of-the-art academic papers on challenging issues in the field of AI-based image and video processing and recognition.

Technology: general issues --- emotion recognition --- brain computer interface --- bag of deep features --- continuous wavelet transform --- face image analysis --- deep learning --- face parsing --- facial attributes classification --- building extraction --- convolutional neural networks --- mask R-CNN --- high-resolution remote sensing image --- autoencoders --- semi-supervised learning --- computer vision --- pathology --- epidermis --- skin --- image processing --- generative models --- generative adversarial net --- depth map --- super-resolution --- guidance --- residual network --- channel interaction --- pose estimation --- body orientation --- multi-person --- multi-task --- surface defect detection --- active learning --- generative adversarial network --- presentation attack detection --- artificial image generation --- presentation attack face images --- ultrasound image --- malignant thyroid nodule --- artificial intelligence --- weighted binary cross-entropy loss --- infrared circumferential scanning system --- target recognition --- deep convolutional neural networks --- data augmentation --- transfer learning --- bounding box regression --- loss function --- medical image fusion --- convolutional neural network --- image pyramid --- multi-scale decomposition --- armature --- surface inspection --- action recognition --- social robotics --- common spatial patterns --- vehicle recognition --- multi resolution network --- optimization --- semantic segmentation --- global context --- local context --- fully convolutional networks --- image-to-image conversion --- image de-raining --- label to photos --- edges to photos --- generative adversarial network (GAN) --- remote sensing --- helicopter footage --- crowd counting --- multitask learning --- normalized cross-correlation --- Marr wavelets --- entropy and response --- graph matching --- RANSAC --- GC–LSTM model --- typhoon --- satellite image --- prediction system --- monocular depth estimation --- feature distillation --- joint attention --- finger-vein recognition --- camera position --- finger position --- lighting --- unobserved database --- heterogeneous database --- domain adaptation --- cycle-consistent adversarial networks --- SDUMLA-HMT-DB --- HKPolyU-DB --- biometrics --- face recognition --- single-sample face recognition --- binarized statistical image features --- K-nearest neighbors --- sparse coding --- fast approximation --- homotopy iterative hard thresholding --- object recognition --- character recognition --- orthogonal polynomials --- orthogonal moments --- Krawtchouk polynomials --- Tchebichef polynomials --- support vector machine

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With the recent advances in remote sensing technologies for Earth observation, many different remote sensors are collecting data with distinctive properties. The obtained data are so large and complex that analyzing them manually becomes impractical or even impossible. Therefore, understanding remote sensing images effectively, in connection with physics, has been the primary concern of the remote sensing research community in recent years. For this purpose, machine learning is thought to be a promising technique because it can make the system learn to improve itself. With this distinctive characteristic, the algorithms will be more adaptive, automatic, and intelligent. This book introduces some of the most challenging issues of machine learning in the field of remote sensing, and the latest advanced technologies developed for different applications. It integrates with multi-source/multi-temporal/multi-scale data, and mainly focuses on learning to understand remote sensing images. Particularly, it presents many more effective techniques based on the popular concepts of deep learning and big data to reach new heights of data understanding. Through reporting recent advances in the machine learning approaches towards analyzing and understanding remote sensing images, this book can help readers become more familiar with knowledge frontier and foster an increased interest in this field.

metadata --- image classification --- sensitivity analysis --- ROI detection --- residual learning --- image alignment --- adaptive convolutional kernels --- Hough transform --- class imbalance --- land surface temperature --- inundation mapping --- multiscale representation --- object-based --- convolutional neural networks --- scene classification --- morphological profiles --- hyperedge weight estimation --- hyperparameter sparse representation --- semantic segmentation --- vehicle classification --- flood --- Landsat imagery --- target detection --- multi-sensor --- building damage detection --- optimized kernel minimum noise fraction (OKMNF) --- sea-land segmentation --- nonlinear classification --- land use --- SAR imagery --- anti-noise transfer network --- sub-pixel change detection --- Radon transform --- segmentation --- remote sensing image retrieval --- TensorFlow --- convolutional neural network --- particle swarm optimization --- optical sensors --- machine learning --- mixed pixel --- optical remotely sensed images --- object-based image analysis --- very high resolution images --- single stream optimization --- ship detection --- ice concentration --- online learning --- manifold ranking --- dictionary learning --- urban surface water extraction --- saliency detection --- spatial attraction model (SAM) --- quality assessment --- Fuzzy-GA decision making system --- land cover change --- multi-view canonical correlation analysis ensemble --- land cover --- semantic labeling --- sparse representation --- dimensionality expansion --- speckle filters --- hyperspectral imagery --- fully convolutional network --- infrared image --- Siamese neural network --- Random Forests (RF) --- feature matching --- color matching --- geostationary satellite remote sensing image --- change feature analysis --- road detection --- deep learning --- aerial images --- image segmentation --- aerial image --- multi-sensor image matching --- HJ-1A/B CCD --- endmember extraction --- high resolution --- multi-scale clustering --- heterogeneous domain adaptation --- hard classification --- regional land cover --- hypergraph learning --- automatic cluster number determination --- dilated convolution --- MSER --- semi-supervised learning --- gate --- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) --- downscaling --- conditional random fields --- urban heat island --- hyperspectral image --- remote sensing image correction --- skip connection --- ISPRS --- spatial distribution --- geo-referencing --- Support Vector Machine (SVM) --- very high resolution (VHR) satellite image --- classification --- ensemble learning --- synthetic aperture radar --- conservation --- convolutional neural network (CNN) --- THEOS --- visible light and infrared integrated camera --- vehicle localization --- structured sparsity --- texture analysis --- DSFATN --- CNN --- image registration --- UAV --- unsupervised classification --- SVMs --- SAR image --- fuzzy neural network --- dimensionality reduction --- GeoEye-1 --- feature extraction --- sub-pixel --- energy distribution optimizing --- saliency analysis --- deep convolutional neural networks --- sparse and low-rank graph --- hyperspectral remote sensing --- tensor low-rank approximation --- optimal transport --- SELF --- spatiotemporal context learning --- Modest AdaBoost --- topic modelling --- multi-seasonal --- Segment-Tree Filtering --- locality information --- GF-4 PMS --- image fusion --- wavelet transform --- hashing --- machine learning techniques --- satellite images --- climate change --- road segmentation --- remote sensing --- tensor sparse decomposition --- Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) --- multi-task learning --- deep salient feature --- speckle --- canonical correlation weighted voting --- fully convolutional network (FCN) --- despeckling --- multispectral imagery --- ratio images --- linear spectral unmixing --- hyperspectral image classification --- multispectral images --- high resolution image --- multi-objective --- convolution neural network --- transfer learning --- 1-dimensional (1-D) --- threshold stability --- Landsat --- kernel method --- phase congruency --- subpixel mapping (SPM) --- tensor --- MODIS --- GSHHG database --- compressive sensing

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Agriculture, as the main source of alimentation and the most important economic activity globally, is being affected by the impacts of climate change. To maintain and increase our global food system production, to reduce biodiversity loss and preserve our natural ecosystem, new practices and technologies are required. This book focuses on the latest advances in remote sensing technology and agricultural engineering leading to the sustainable agriculture practices. Earth observation data, in situ and proxy-remote sensing data are the main source of information for monitoring and analyzing agriculture activities. Particular attention is given to earth observation satellites and the Internet of Things for data collection, to multispectral and hyperspectral data analysis using machine learning and deep learning, to WebGIS and the Internet of Things for sharing and publishing the results, among others.

Research & information: general --- Geography --- geographic information system (GIS) --- pocket beaches --- coastal management --- Interreg --- climate change --- remote sensing --- drone --- Sicily --- Malta --- Gozo --- Comino --- systematic literature review --- anomaly intrusion detection --- deep learning --- IoT --- resource constraint --- IDS --- evapotranspiration --- penman-monteith equation --- artificial neural network --- canopy conductance --- Ziz basin --- water quality --- satellite image analysis --- modeling approach --- nitrate --- dissolved oxygen --- chlorophyll a --- time series analysis --- environmental monitoring --- water extraction --- modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) --- machine learning algorithm --- hyperspectral --- proximal sensing --- panicle initiation --- normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) --- green ring --- internode-elongation --- Sentinel 1 and 2 --- Copernicus Sentinels --- crop classification --- food security --- agricultural monitoring --- data analysis --- SAR --- random forest --- 3D bale wrapping method --- equal bale dimensions --- mathematical model --- minimal film consumption --- optimal bale dimensions --- round bales --- Sentinel-2 --- SVM --- RF --- Boufakrane River watershed --- irrigation requirements --- water resources --- sustainable land use --- agriculture --- invasive plants --- precision agriculture --- rice farming --- site-specific weed management --- nitrogen prediction --- 1D convolution neural networks --- cucumber --- crop yield improvement --- mango leaf --- CCA --- vein pattern --- leaf disease --- cubic SVM --- chlorophyll-a concentration --- transfer learning --- overfitting --- data augmentation --- guava disease --- plant disease detection --- crops diseases --- entropy --- features fusion --- machine learning --- object-based classification --- density estimation --- histogram --- land use --- crop fields --- soil tillage --- data fusion --- multispectral --- sensor --- probe --- temperature profile --- forest roads --- simulation --- autonomous robots --- smart agriculture --- environmental protection --- photogrammetry --- path planning --- internet of things --- modeling --- convolutional neural networks --- machine vision --- computer vision --- modular robot --- selective spraying --- vision-based crop and weed detection --- Faster R-CNN --- YOLOv5 --- band selection --- CNN --- NDVI --- hyperspectral imaging --- crops --- urban flood --- Sentinel-1a --- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) --- 3D Convolutional Neural Network --- multi-temporal data --- land use classification --- GIS --- Coatzacoalcos --- algorithms --- clustering --- pest control --- site-specific --- virtual pests --- rice plant --- weed --- hyperspectral imagery --- sustainable agriculture --- green technologies --- Internet of Things --- natural resources --- sustainable environment --- IoT ecosystem --- hyperspectral remoting sensing --- crop mapping --- image classification --- deep transfer learning --- hyperparameter optimization --- metaheuristic --- soil attribute --- ordinary Kriging --- rational sampling numbers --- spatial heterogeneity --- sampling --- soil pH --- spatial variation --- ordinary kriging --- Land Use/Land Cover --- LISS-III --- Landsat --- Vision Transformer --- Bidirectional long-short term memory --- Google Earth Engine --- Explainable Artificial Intelligence