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Natural products are increasingly attracting attention from both basic and applied science. Plant secondary metabolites, especially alkaloids, are receiving interest from a wide range of researchers due to their biological activity. They are produced to protect plants from diseases and herbivores. Therefore, they reveal a toxic activity that affects organisms at various levels of biological organization. A growing amount of research is proving their antimicrobial, antifungal, insecticidal, and anticancer activities. That makes them applicable in various fields from medicine, to pharmacology, veterinary, and toxicology, to crop protection. This Special Issue of Toxins, “Biological Activities of Alkaloids: From Toxicology to Pharmacology"", collects 15 manuscripts describing the ecological, biological, pharmacological, and toxicological effects as well as structural and analytical aspects of plant alkaloids, their mode of action, and possible application in veterinary, medicine, and plant protection. These studies prove the potential for alkaloid application in various areas of science.

leukemia --- n/a --- biodistribution --- glycoalkaloids --- insect heart --- Solanum melongena L. --- antibacterial --- alkaloid --- ?-carboline --- Ovarian cancer --- Chelidonium majus --- secondary metabolites --- lindoldhamine --- livestock --- insect --- chanoclavine --- bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid --- cytotoxic activity --- Staphylococcus aureus --- antioxidant --- acid-sensing ion channel subtype 1a --- malonylated form --- HPLC-DAD --- ergot alkaloids --- nociception --- macrophage --- Arecoline --- Macleaya cordata --- antifungal --- neuropathic pain --- Corydalis lutea --- antiviral --- Curine --- lung cancer cells --- lipopolysaccharide --- Epichloë --- Meconopsis cambrica --- Berberis thunbergii --- SRC --- Dicentra spectabilis --- apoptosis --- endophyte --- natural sources --- dehydrocrenatidine --- neutrophil --- EGFR --- anticancer --- solamargine --- berberine --- isoquinoline alkaloids --- natural products --- Radix Aconiti Lateralis preparations --- short-term and long-term usage --- inflammation --- acute toxicity --- Mahonia aquifolia --- Palmatine --- sanguinarine --- Rutidea parviflora --- voltage-gated sodium channels --- cytotoxicity --- toxicology --- malonyl-solamargine --- alkaloids --- acetylcholinesterase --- beetles --- Fumaria officinalis --- antimicrobial activity --- solasonine --- FAK --- plant secondary metabolites --- di-ester diterpenoid alkaloids --- mAchR3 --- subchronic feeding study --- mono-ester diterpenoid alkaloids --- Tenebrio molitor --- Apoptosis --- reproduction