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This paper applies an econometric analysis to estimate the average and distribution benefits of rural electrification using rich household survey data from India. The results support that rural electrification helps to reduce time allocated to fuelwood collection by household members and increases time allocated to studying by boys and girls. Rural electrification also increases the labor supply of men and women, schooling of boys and girls, and household per capita income and expenditure. Electrification also helps reduce poverty. But the larger share of benefits accrues to wealthier rural households, with poorer ones having more limited use of electricity. The analysis also shows that restricted supply of electricity, due to frequent power outages, negatively affects both household electricity connection and its consumption, thereby reducing the expected benefits of rural electrification.

Agriculture --- Distributional Impacts of Electrification --- Electric Power --- Energy and Poverty Alleviation --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Engineering --- Rural Development --- Rural Electrification Impacts --- Rural Poverty Reduction --- Rural India

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India's 2005 National Rural Employment Guarantee Act creates a justiciable 'right to work' by promising up to 100 days of wage employment per year to all rural households whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. Work is provided in public works projects at the stipulated minimum wage. This study asks: Are the conditions stipulated by the Act met in practice? How much impact on poverty do the earnings from the scheme have? Why might that impact fall short of its potential? How can the scheme bridge that gap? The bulk of the study focuses on the scheme's performance in one of I

Guaranteed annual income -- India. --- India. National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005. --- Job security -- India. --- Manpower policy, Rural -- India. --- Right to labor -- India. --- Rural poor -- Employment -- India. --- Manpower policy, Rural --- Right to labor --- Guaranteed annual income --- Unemployment --- Business & Economics --- Labor & Workers' Economics --- Joblessness --- Annual income guarantee --- Guaranteed income --- Labor, Right to --- Right to work --- Work, Right to --- Employment policy, Rural --- Rural employment policy --- Rural manpower policy --- Employment (Economic theory) --- Full employment policies --- Labor supply --- Manpower policy --- Underemployment --- Economic security --- Income --- Income maintenance programs --- Human rights --- Unemployed --- Basic income guarantee --- Guaranteed minimum income --- Universal basic income --- Basic income

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This book focuses on the application of implementation science methods to enable the rapid uptake and sustainable implementation of new diagnostics into routine health practices to strengthen health systems.Diagnostics are essential for the success of universal health coverage and improved health outcomes. The increased development and deployment of diagnostics for use at the point of care will not guarantee improved access to diagnostics and health outcomes if their implementation is not optimized. Optimal implementation will need to be guided by theories and methods that aim to promote evidence-based practices and findings of research into routine practice, taking into consideration quality systems and contexts.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- prognosis --- lactate clearance --- biomarker --- emergency medical services --- emergency department --- critical care --- ultrasound --- imaging --- X-ray --- chest --- diagnosis --- SARS --- SARS-CoV-2 --- rapid diagnostic techniques --- POCT techniques --- lung ultrasound --- COVID-19 --- POCUS --- mHealth devices --- accuracy --- sensitivity --- specificity --- sub-Saharan Africa --- point of care ultrasound --- implementation science --- adoption --- mHealth applications --- disease diagnosis --- treatment support --- rapid diagnostic testing --- RDT --- modelling --- symptoms --- transmission prevention --- infectious disease --- human immunodeficiency virus --- HIV --- coronavirus --- tuberculosis --- health services --- primary healthcare --- point of care diagnostic services --- supply chain management --- resource-limited settings --- Indian pandemic --- rapid antigen tests (RATs) --- CoviSelf --- CoWIN --- digital divide --- rural India --- Indian villagers --- poverty --- discourse analysis --- qualitative medical/health research strategies --- vulnerable populations --- literacy --- diagnostics --- advocacy --- prognosis --- lactate clearance --- biomarker --- emergency medical services --- emergency department --- critical care --- ultrasound --- imaging --- X-ray --- chest --- diagnosis --- SARS --- SARS-CoV-2 --- rapid diagnostic techniques --- POCT techniques --- lung ultrasound --- COVID-19 --- POCUS --- mHealth devices --- accuracy --- sensitivity --- specificity --- sub-Saharan Africa --- point of care ultrasound --- implementation science --- adoption --- mHealth applications --- disease diagnosis --- treatment support --- rapid diagnostic testing --- RDT --- modelling --- symptoms --- transmission prevention --- infectious disease --- human immunodeficiency virus --- HIV --- coronavirus --- tuberculosis --- health services --- primary healthcare --- point of care diagnostic services --- supply chain management --- resource-limited settings --- Indian pandemic --- rapid antigen tests (RATs) --- CoviSelf --- CoWIN --- digital divide --- rural India --- Indian villagers --- poverty --- discourse analysis --- qualitative medical/health research strategies --- vulnerable populations --- literacy --- diagnostics --- advocacy

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This book focuses on the application of implementation science methods to enable the rapid uptake and sustainable implementation of new diagnostics into routine health practices to strengthen health systems.Diagnostics are essential for the success of universal health coverage and improved health outcomes. The increased development and deployment of diagnostics for use at the point of care will not guarantee improved access to diagnostics and health outcomes if their implementation is not optimized. Optimal implementation will need to be guided by theories and methods that aim to promote evidence-based practices and findings of research into routine practice, taking into consideration quality systems and contexts.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- prognosis --- lactate clearance --- biomarker --- emergency medical services --- emergency department --- critical care --- ultrasound --- imaging --- X-ray --- chest --- diagnosis --- SARS --- SARS-CoV-2 --- rapid diagnostic techniques --- POCT techniques --- lung ultrasound --- COVID-19 --- POCUS --- mHealth devices --- accuracy --- sensitivity --- specificity --- sub-Saharan Africa --- point of care ultrasound --- implementation science --- adoption --- mHealth applications --- disease diagnosis --- treatment support --- rapid diagnostic testing --- RDT --- modelling --- symptoms --- transmission prevention --- infectious disease --- human immunodeficiency virus --- HIV --- coronavirus --- tuberculosis --- health services --- primary healthcare --- point of care diagnostic services --- supply chain management --- resource-limited settings --- Indian pandemic --- rapid antigen tests (RATs) --- CoviSelf --- CoWIN --- digital divide --- rural India --- Indian villagers --- poverty --- discourse analysis --- qualitative medical/health research strategies --- vulnerable populations --- literacy --- diagnostics --- advocacy --- n/a