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Rule-based programming.

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Rule-based programming.

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Java (Computer program language) --- Rule-based programming

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Doelstelling: Deze scriptie heeft als doel een vergelijking te maken van twee benaderingen van automatische vertaling. Als voorbeeld van regelgebaseerde automatische vertaling kozen we Systran en Google Translate als voorbeeld van statistische automatische vertaling. Meer specifiek vergeleken we de prestaties van deze systemen voor het Engels en het Russisch. Middelen of methode: Deze twee vertaalsystemen werden getest aan de hand van een specifieke testsuite waar zeven moeilijke punten centraal staan. Door korte zinnetjes met deze moeilijke punten te laten vertalen door beide systemen, zowel voor Engels-Russisch als Russisch-Engels konden we achterhalen welke systemen beter overweg kunnen met welke moeilijkheden. Daarna lieten we ook nog een algemene journalistieke tekst vertalen om te zien hoe deze moeilijkheden aangepakt worden. Resultaten: Het is niet mogelijk om één van beide systeem als het 'beste systeem' uit te roepen. Beide maken veel fouten.Het is wel zo dat het ene systeem minder fouten maakt tegen bepaalde moeilijkheden dan het ander systeem en omgekeerd. Afhankelijk van de categorie presteert Google Translate beter dan Systran, maar in anderecategorieën maakt Systran dan toch minder fouten.

English. --- Google Translate. --- Machine translation. --- Rule-based machine translation. --- Russian. --- Statistical machine translation. --- Systran.

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This thesis aims at developing, optimizing and controling a hybrid solar microgrid for rural electrification and heat supply in sub-Saharan Africa. The considered system includes PV, Parabolic Trough Collectors, Organic Rankine Cycle and LPG generator, as well as chemical battery storage and thermal energy storage. The work focuses on multiple aspects of the ongoing development of solar hybrid microgrids for the rural electrification of remote areas in Lesotho. These aspects range from very specific improvements (the mechanical design of a high expansion ratio expander) to the more global evaluation of their impact once included into a complex micro-grid system. Special attention has also been paid to the links between thermal and electrical demands.

The main contributions of this thesis are:
- The mechanical design of a high expansion ratio scroll expander, involving drawing, machining and assembly of the parts. 
- The detailed model of an organic Rankine cycle with the purpose of evaluating the improvement brought by the high expansion ratio scroll expander and mapping the ORC performance.
- A building model developed to predict the thermal loads of a health clinic in rural communities of Lesotho. The developed lumped-parameter model can be used for various building typologies and communities. The model is designed to be as generic and simple as possible, and contrasts with the data-intensive models generally proposed in the literature.
- The gathering of monitoring and weather data relative to a health clinic in Lesotho, and their use for the calibration of the building model.
- A microgrid model built by interconnecting all of its subcomponent models. A rule-based control strategy is developed, accounting for interactions between thermal and electrical loads, and dispatching heat and power flows of each component in order to cover the demand while minimizing the fuel consumption.
- A particle-swarm optimization model used to optimize the microgrid under different cost assumptions and control strategies

The above models prove that the system performs better with the developed high expansion ratio expander. The maximum output power of the ORC is increased by 33 %, and the fuel consumption of the microgrid is reduced by 25 %.

For the studied community of Ha Nkau in Lesotho, the determined optimal system infrastructure is composed of PV (65 kW) and batteries (259 kWh) only, and the optimum control strategy achieves a levelized cost of electricity of 0.202 USD/kWh. Fuel consumption is mainly due to the burner, which supplies all the thermal load because no other heating system is selected by the optimization.

modeling --- optimization --- microgrid --- rural electrification --- ORC --- scroll expander --- heat supply --- control --- rule based control --- Lesotho --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Energie