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Transboundary freshwater systems create inevitable linkages and interdependencies between countries. The use of shared water resources by one country will, in most cases, impact other countries sharing the same system. At the same time, coordination among countries in the development of transboundary basins can yield greater benefits than would be available to individual countries pursuing individual development. UN Sustainable Development Goal 6 Target 5 recognizes this potential, calling on the world community to implement integrated water resources management at all levels, 'including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate'. With a growing number of basins in which water use and demand permanently or temporarily exceeds the amount of renewable water available, and uncertainty from climate change, SDG Target 6.5 becomes increasingly relevant to development interventions designed to secure availability of supplies and create resilience. This is a companion document to the study "Promoting Development in Shared River Basins: Tools for Enhancing Transboundary Basin Management," which aims to contribute to relevant knowledge for achieving SDG Target 6.5. It presents six case studies from international experience on coordinated management in transboundary basins: Kura-Araks Basin; Columbia Basin; Chu and Talas Basins; Vuoksi Basin; Douro Basin; and Rhone Basin. The case studies demonstrate real-world application of selecting appropriate tools for individual transboundary situations along a three-stage process of coordinated basin development, which is detailed in the main study.
Energy --- Environment --- Hydro Power --- Hydrology --- River Basin Management --- Transboundary Water Management --- Water Resources --- Water Resources Management
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This background paper is part of the supporting material for the report "From Waste to Resource: Shifting Paradigms for Smarter Wastewater Interventions in Latin America and the Caribbean," a product of the "Wastewater: from waste to resource," an initiative of the World Bank Water Global Practice.
River Basin Management --- Wastewater Treatment --- Water Resources --- Water Supply and Sanitation
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The Ganges Basin in South Asia is home to some of the world's poorest and most vulnerable communities. Impacted by catastrophic annual floods, the region is recognized as highly disaster prone, causing widespread human suffering and economic losses. In recognition of these challenges, many groups are actively and cooperatively engaged in reducing South Asia's vulnerability to flooding. As a contribution to these efforts, the World Bank recently commissioned specialist teams to assess and map flood risk across the Ganges River basin and to design and evaluate flood forecasting tools for the greater Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna basin. Flood Risk Assessment and Forecasting for the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna River Basins summarizes the technical findings, includes highlights of the work, and links to the full technical reports and new interactive online resources. The report provides, for the first time, a numbers-based view of the impacts of floods of different severities across the Ganges basin, helping identify priority areas for addressing flood risks (for example, relocating levees, improving flood warning systems, and boosting overall economic resilience). This report on the flood forecasting system provides probability-based flood forecasts for more than 85 Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna basin locations along with near-real-time data maps of rainfall (predicted and actual) and river levels.
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The World Bank has been supporting a comprehensive program to strengthen cooperative management and development within the Zambezi River Basin. This program provides regional financing and analytical work that brings together the various commitments within a World Bank-financed portfolio of more than USD 2 billion to facilitate dialogue among the riparian states and further drive the development of climate-resilient water resources for sustainable growth. The application of the Hydropower Sustainability Assessment Protocol in the Zambezi River Basin represents part of this broader program of support to the riparian states toward enhancing development outcomes through improved cooperation and sustainable development. The Hydropower Sustainability Assessment Protocol is a multi-stakeholder tool that evaluates the performance of hydropower projects against globally-applicable sustainability criteria for basic good practice and proven best practice. This Program Report reflects on the project design, objectives, results, and lessons learned from the experience of using the Protocol for guided self-assessment with three hydropower operators in the basin: the Zambezi River Authority, Zesco, and Hidroelectrica Cahora Bassa.
Energy --- Hydro Power --- Hydropower --- Renewable Energy --- River Basin Management --- Rural Development --- Water Resource Management --- Water Resources
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This UFCOP Knowledge Note outlines key principles for flood risk management in river basins, that can be adapted for use by policymakers and project managers alike. It draws on a wide range of best practice case studies globally, where flood risk at the river basin scale has been well managed.
Environment --- Flood Control --- Hazard Risk Management --- Natural Disasters --- River Basin Management --- Urban Development --- Water Resources
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Reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is fundamental to the mitigation of climate change. It has become increasingly important to estimate and report on GHG emissions to enable the implementation of mitigation measures to limit or reduce total emissions. In most cases, such estimation is fairly simple, using known emission factors per surface area or per produced energy unit. However, GHG emissions from reservoirs created for the purpose of electricity generation, water security, or flood protection are very difficult to estimate, and no single emission factor or formula can be applied. The purpose of this note is therefore to provide guidance to World Bank Group (WBG) staff on how to assess GHGs from reservoirs in preparation of dam infrastructure projects. The note discusses: (i) the major biogeochemical processes causing GHG emissions from reservoirs; (ii) the state of current knowledge, and (iii) recommendations for assessing GHG emissions caused by biogeochemical processes for planned reservoirs.
Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases --- Dams and Reservoirs --- Energy --- Environment --- Hydro Power --- River Basin Management --- Water Resources
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This research focuses on incorporating a representation of water supply and infrastructure costs into an energy systems model (SATIM-W) to better reflect the interdependent nature of the energy-water nexus in South Africa and the water supply challenges facing the energy system. The research methodology developed embeds the various water supply options in a least cost optimization energy planning tool, so that the cost of water is captured. A key feature of the developed SATIM-W model is that it regionalizes power generaation, refining, and energy resource supply, thereby introducing a spatial dimension to the water demands of the energy sector. It also contains a regionalized structure of the basins and delivery infrastructure that would be required to supply the energy sector and assesses the impact of meeting those needs on the cost of supplying water. The results of this investigation demonstrate the process and type of tools that can be employed to examine the energy-water nexus in a national level planning context, and the insights that can be gained from water-smart energy planning. A number of relevant policy scenarios in South Africa were explored, and the results show that specific energy sector policies can have significant implication for both new investment in water supply infrastructure and in some cases can lead to stranded energy and water investments, reinforcing the importance of planning these sectors through a nexus approach. This case study is the first time the cost of water supply has been assessed in a sector wide energy supply expansion plan. By documenting the methodology, the authors aim to help energy sector planners and modelers properly incorporate water constraints in their work.
Electric Power --- Energy --- Energy and Environment --- Energy Consumption --- Environment --- River Basin Management --- Water Resources --- Water Resources Management
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The Myanmar hydropower sector, in the early stages of development, has the opportunity to develop sustainably by balancing electricity generation with environmental and social outcomes. The country is currently following a conventional hydropower development process, with individual projects identified and approved without due consideration of the overall cumulative impacts that multiple projects and other pressures have on the river basin. In many countries this process has resulted in most major rivers and tributaries suitable for hydropower being developed, regulating these watercourses for 50-100 years and beyond. Significant cumulative impacts on basin health and related ecosystem services have resulted, with minimal opportunity available to lessen these impacts. This Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of the Myanmar hydropower sector considers environmental and social values at the river basin level, recommending an approach to achieve sustainable hydropower development. The SEA recommends moving the initial planning focus away from individual projects to basin health to plan a sustainable sector development.
Dams and Reservoirs --- Energy --- Energy and Environment --- Energy Demand --- Environmental Assessment --- Hydro Power --- Hydropower --- River Basin Management --- Water Resources
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The World Bank supported West Bengal Accelerated Development of Minor Irrigation Project assumes a centre stage position in the current context of bringing water to every farm (Har Khet ko Pani) under the recently launched Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMSKY). With an objective to "enhance agricultural production of small and marginal farmers of the project area in West Bengal through development of minor irrigation infrastructure and agriculture support system", the Project was launched in 2012, partnering the Department of Water Resources Investigation and Development, Government of West Bengal. To achieve its outcomes, the Project focuses on strengthening community-based organizations, especially water users' association with a strong focus on gender aspects, irrigation systems development and improvement, agriculture, horticulture and fisheries development.
Agricultural Irrigation and Drainage --- Agriculture --- Hydrology --- Irrigation --- River Basin Management --- Water Resource Management --- Water Resources --- Watershed Management
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This report on the Yarlung-Tsangpo-Siang-Brahmaputra-Jamuna River Basin, is a first attempt at documenting the Brahmaputra as a one river system and presenting a multi-layered, holistic perspective of the entire river basin from the perspectives of the four riparian countries. The genesis of the report is the stakeholders from the riparian countries themselves, who highlighted the need for one comprehensive, fact-based document that provides information on the various aspects of the entire river basin and that comprehensively captures the viewpoints of those from all riparian countries. It was felt that a document of this type would be important for supporting the dialogue process and policy discussions on cooperative river basin management. It is natural to expect that such a document should be co-written by various stakeholders across the basin, along with other international experts. The authors are pleased that the report includes contributions from over ninety authors, which is a powerful expression of cooperation in and of itself. The report consolidates the existing wealth of knowledge and information on the river system. At its heart, however, are the riparian's perspectives and insights that reflect how the river is deeply embedded in the cultures and the lives of the people living within it. The report portrays the inextricable interlinkages between those living in the countries that share the river system: even though they are divided by international borders, they are tightly connected through the basin's water resources.
Biodiversity --- Environment --- River Basin Management --- Transboundary Water Management --- Voice --- Water Policy and Governance --- Water Resources --- Water Resources Management --- Watershed Management
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