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Long before Deng Xiaoping’s market-based reforms, commercial relationships bound the Chinese Communist Party to international capitalism and left lasting marks on China’s trade and diplomacy. China today seems caught in a contradiction: a capitalist state led by a Communist party. But as Market Maoists shows, this seeming paradox is nothing new. Since the 1930s, before the Chinese Communist Party came to power, Communist traders and diplomats have sought deals with capitalists in an effort to fuel political transformation and the restoration of Chinese power. For as long as there have been Communists in China, they have been reconciling revolutionary aspirations at home with market realities abroad. Jason Kelly unearths this hidden history of global commerce, finding that even Mao Zedong saw no fundamental conflict between trading with capitalists and chasing revolution. China’s ties to capitalism transformed under Mao but were never broken. And it was not just goods and currencies that changed hands. Sustained contact with foreign capitalists shaped the Chinese nation under Communism and left deep impressions on foreign policy. Deals demanded mutual intelligibility and cooperation. As a result, international transactions facilitated the exchange of ideas, habits, and beliefs, leaving subtle but lasting effects on the values and attitudes of individuals and institutions. Drawing from official and commercial archives around the world, including newly available internal Chinese Communist Party documents, Market Maoists recasts our understanding of China’s relationship with global capitalism, revealing how these early accommodations laid the groundwork for China’s embrace of capitalism in the 1980s and after.

Markets --- Mixed economy --- History --- China --- Commerce --- Economic policy. --- Economic conditions. --- China in the world. --- China trade. --- China. --- Chinese business. --- Chinese commerce. --- Chinese history. --- Mao. --- Maoism. --- U.S.-China relations. --- capitalism. --- cold war. --- communism. --- diplomacy. --- embargo. --- foreign policy. --- ideology. --- revolution. --- rise of China. --- sanctions. --- smuggling. --- socialism.

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This Open Access book explains ASEAN’s strategic role in managing great power politics in East Asia. Constructing a theory of institutional strategy, this book argues that the regional security institutions in Southeast Asia, ASEAN and ASEAN-led institutions have devised their own institutional strategies vis-à-vis the South China Sea and navigated the great-power politics since the 1990s. ASEAN proliferated new security institutions in the 1990s and 2000s that assumed a different functionality, a different geopolitical scope, and thus a different institutional strategy. In so doing, ASEAN formed a “strategic institutional web” that nurtured a quasi-division of labor among the institutions to maintain relative stability in the South China Sea. Unlike the conventional analysis on ASEAN, this study disaggregates “ASEAN” as a collective regional actor into specific individual institutions—ASEAN Foreign Ministers’ Meeting, ASEAN Summit, ASEAN-China dialogues, ASEAN Regional Forum, East Asia Summit, and ASEAN Defense Ministers Meeting and ASEAN Defense Ministers Meeting-Plus—and explains how each of these institutions has devised and/or shifted its institutional strategy to curb great powers’ ambition in dominating the South China Sea while navigating great power competition. The book sheds light on the strategic potential and limitations of ASEAN and ASEAN-led security institutions, offers implications for the future role of ASEAN in the Indo-Pacific region, and provides an alternative understanding of the strategic utilities of regional security institutions.

International relations --- Politics & government --- International institutions --- Diplomacy --- ASEAN --- Institutional Strategy in Southeast Asia --- Rise of China --- Balance of Power in Southeast Asia --- Secondary Power in Southeast Asia --- Great Power Politics in Southeast Asia --- East Asia --- Power Shift in Asia --- Regional Security Institution --- South China Sea --- ASEAN Regional Forum --- ASEAN Defense Ministers Meeting --- ADMM-Plus --- ASEAN+3 --- East Asia Summit --- ASEAN Ministerial Meeting --- ASEAN Summit --- Regionalism. --- Asia --- International organization. --- Diplomacy. --- Security, International. --- Asian Politics. --- International Organization. --- International Security Studies. --- Politics and government. --- Collective security --- International security --- Disarmament --- International organization --- Peace --- History --- Federation, International --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International administration --- International federation --- Organization, International --- World federation --- World government --- World order --- World organization --- Congresses and conventions --- Political science --- International agencies --- International cooperation --- Security, International --- World politics --- Human geography --- Nationalism --- Interregionalism --- Southeast Asia --- Strategic aspects. --- Foreign relations. --- International status.