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This book is dedicated to the use of nanomaterials for the modification of asphalt binders, and to investigate whether or not the use of nanomaterials for asphalt mixtures fabrication achieves more effective asphalt pavement layers. A total of 10 contributions are included. Four are related to “Binder’s modification” and five to “Asphalt mixtures’ modification”. The remaining contribution is a review of the effects of the modifications on nanomaterials, particularly nanosilica, nanoclays and nanoiron, on the performance of asphalt mixtures. The published group of papers fosters awareness about the use of nanomaterials to modify asphalt mixtures to obtain more performant and durable flexible road pavements.

Graphene nano-platelets (GNPs) --- asphalt --- Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) --- structural performance --- functional performance --- nanomaterials --- life cycle assessment --- nano-modified asphalt materials --- environmental impact --- spring-thaw season --- freeze-thaw cycle --- Nanomaterial modifier --- nano hydrophobic silane silica --- property improvement --- seasonally frozen region --- aggregate-bitumen interface --- bond strength --- nano titanium dioxide --- epoxy emulsified asphalt --- photocatalysis --- exhaust gas degradation --- modified asphalt mixtures --- polymers --- rheological behavior --- fatigue cracking --- permanent deformation --- modified bitumen --- nanosilica --- nanoclay --- nanoiron --- asphalt mixtures --- mechanical performance --- aging sensitivity --- ageing --- plastic film --- urban waste --- moisture --- indirect tensile strength --- graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) --- EAF steel slag --- microwave heating --- self-healing --- Asphalt modification --- modifier chemistry --- long-term aging --- asphalt rheology --- phase angle --- delta Tc --- n/a

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Modeling micrometric and nanometric suspensions remains a major issue. They help to model the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, among others, of the suspensions, and then of the resulting product, in a controlled way, when considered in material formation. In some cases, they can help to improve the energy transport performance. The optimal use of these products is based on an accurate prediction of the flow-induced properties of the suspensions and, consequently, of the resulting products and parts. The final properties of the resulting micro-structured fluid or solid are radically different from the simple mixing rule. In this book, we found numerous works addressing the description of these specific fluid behaviors.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Materials science --- graphene nano-powder --- thermal nanofluid --- rheological behavior --- Carreau nanofluid --- lubrication effect --- Vallejo law --- liquid-liquid interface --- shear rate --- nanoparticles --- diffuse interface --- phase field method --- molecular dynamics --- numerical simulation --- octree optimization --- microstructure generation --- domain reconstruction --- flow simulation --- permeability computing --- data-driven model --- model order reduction --- proper orthogonal decomposition --- manifold learning --- diffuse approximation --- microcapsule suspension --- Hausdorff distance --- topological data analysis (TDA) --- reinforced polymers --- concentrated suspensions --- flow induced orientation --- discrete numerical simulation --- steam generator --- void fraction --- mixture model --- porous media approach --- reduced-order model --- Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) --- energy dissipation --- interval-pooled stepped spillway --- omega identification method --- Navier-Stokes equation --- singularity --- transitional flow --- turbulence --- Poisson equation --- nanoparticle two-phase flow --- particle coagulation and breakage --- flow around circular cylinders --- particle distribution --- graphene nano-powder --- thermal nanofluid --- rheological behavior --- Carreau nanofluid --- lubrication effect --- Vallejo law --- liquid-liquid interface --- shear rate --- nanoparticles --- diffuse interface --- phase field method --- molecular dynamics --- numerical simulation --- octree optimization --- microstructure generation --- domain reconstruction --- flow simulation --- permeability computing --- data-driven model --- model order reduction --- proper orthogonal decomposition --- manifold learning --- diffuse approximation --- microcapsule suspension --- Hausdorff distance --- topological data analysis (TDA) --- reinforced polymers --- concentrated suspensions --- flow induced orientation --- discrete numerical simulation --- steam generator --- void fraction --- mixture model --- porous media approach --- reduced-order model --- Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) --- energy dissipation --- interval-pooled stepped spillway --- omega identification method --- Navier-Stokes equation --- singularity --- transitional flow --- turbulence --- Poisson equation --- nanoparticle two-phase flow --- particle coagulation and breakage --- flow around circular cylinders --- particle distribution

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Modeling micrometric and nanometric suspensions remains a major issue. They help to model the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, among others, of the suspensions, and then of the resulting product, in a controlled way, when considered in material formation. In some cases, they can help to improve the energy transport performance. The optimal use of these products is based on an accurate prediction of the flow-induced properties of the suspensions and, consequently, of the resulting products and parts. The final properties of the resulting micro-structured fluid or solid are radically different from the simple mixing rule. In this book, we found numerous works addressing the description of these specific fluid behaviors.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Materials science --- graphene nano-powder --- thermal nanofluid --- rheological behavior --- Carreau nanofluid --- lubrication effect --- Vallejo law --- liquid–liquid interface --- shear rate --- nanoparticles --- diffuse interface --- phase field method --- molecular dynamics --- numerical simulation --- octree optimization --- microstructure generation --- domain reconstruction --- flow simulation --- permeability computing --- data-driven model --- model order reduction --- proper orthogonal decomposition --- manifold learning --- diffuse approximation --- microcapsule suspension --- Hausdorff distance --- topological data analysis (TDA) --- reinforced polymers --- concentrated suspensions --- flow induced orientation --- discrete numerical simulation --- steam generator --- void fraction --- mixture model --- porous media approach --- reduced-order model --- Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) --- energy dissipation --- interval-pooled stepped spillway --- omega identification method --- Navier-Stokes equation --- singularity --- transitional flow --- turbulence --- Poisson equation --- nanoparticle two-phase flow --- particle coagulation and breakage --- flow around circular cylinders --- particle distribution --- n/a --- liquid-liquid interface

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This reprint contains a collection of state-of-the-art reviews and original research articles from leaders in the field of 3D/4D printing. It focuses on 3D/4D printing materials with novel and/or advanced functionalities, novel applications of 3DP material, and material synthesis and characterization techniques.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Materials science --- 3D printing --- additive manufacturing --- dental forceps --- CFR (continuous fiber reinforcement) --- fatigue test --- mechanical testing --- composite --- carbon --- scanning electron microscopy --- polyphenylsulfone --- PPSF --- fire-resistant --- aircraft interior --- selective laser sintering --- direct writing --- PVC gel --- artificial muscle --- rheological behavior --- integrated printing --- 4D printing --- fused deposition modelling --- stereolithography --- polymers --- FEM --- FDM --- microstructure behavior --- linear analysis --- RVE --- polyimide --- aerogels --- chemical smoothing --- vapor smoothing --- PVB --- carbon fiber mold --- polylactic acid --- sound reflection --- excitation frequency --- porosity --- 3D printing technique --- thickness --- air gap --- FluidFM --- microstructures --- nanostructures --- biofunctionalization --- mechanical properties --- scanning probe lithography --- copper complex --- photocomposite --- LED --- laser write --- free radical photopolymerization --- bio-inspired spider silks --- adjustable mechanical properties --- shape morphing --- stimulus response --- n/a

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The use of lipid-based nanosystems, including lipid nanoparticles (solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC)), nanoemulsions, and liposomes, among others, is widespread. Several researchers have described the advantages of different applications of these nanosystems. For instance, they can increase the targeting and bioavailability of drugs, improving therapeutic effects. Their use in the cosmetic field is also promising, owing to their moisturizing properties and ability to protect labile cosmetic actives. Thus, it is surprising that only a few lipid-based nanosystems have reached the market. This can be explained by the strict regulatory requirements of medicines and the occurrence of unexpected in vivo failure, which highlights the need to conduct more preclinical studies.Current research is focused on testing the in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo efficacy of lipid-based nanosystems to predict their clinical performance. However, there is a lack of method validation, which compromises the comparison between different studies.This book brings together the latest research and reviews that report on in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo preclinical studies using lipid-based nanosystems. Readers can find up-to-date information on the most common experiments performed to predict the clinical behavior of lipid-based nanosystems. A series of 15 research articles and a review are presented, with authors from 15 different countries, which demonstrates the universality of the investigations that have been carried out in this area.

Technology: general issues --- nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) --- formulation optimization --- rivastigmine --- quality by design (QbD) --- nasal route --- nose-to-brain --- N-alkylisatin --- liposome --- urokinase plasminogen activator --- PAI-2 --- SerpinB2 --- breast cancer --- liposomes --- target delivery nanosystem --- FZD10 protein --- colon cancer therapy --- supersaturation --- silica-lipid hybrid --- spray drying --- lipolysis --- lipid-based formulation --- fenofibrate --- mesoporous silica --- oral drug delivery --- hyaluronic acid --- drug release --- light activation --- stability --- mobility --- biocorona --- dissolution enhancement --- phospholipids --- solid dosage forms --- porous microparticles --- nanoemulsion(s) --- phase-behavior --- DoE --- D-optimal design --- vegetable oils --- non-ionic surfactants --- efavirenz --- flaxseed oil --- nanostructured lipid carriers --- nanocarrier --- docohexaenoic acid --- neuroprotection --- neuroinflammation --- fluconazole --- Box‒Behnken design --- nanotransfersome --- ulcer index --- zone of inhibition --- rheological behavior --- ex vivo permeation --- nanomedicine --- cancer --- doxorubicin --- melanoma --- drug delivery --- ultrasound contrast agents --- phospholipid coating --- ligand distribution --- cholesterol --- acoustic response --- microbubble --- lipid phase --- dialysis --- ammonia --- intoxication --- cyanocobalamin --- vitamin B12 --- atopic dermatitis --- psoriasis --- transferosomes --- lipid vesicles --- skin topical delivery --- oligonucleotide --- self-emulsifying drug delivery systems --- hydrophobic ion pairing --- intestinal permeation enhancers --- Caco-2 monolayer --- clarithromycin --- solid lipid nanoparticles --- optimization --- permeation --- pharmacokinetics --- follicular targeting --- dexamethasone --- alopecia areata --- lipomers --- lipid polymer hybrid nanocapsules --- biodistribution --- skin --- ethyl cellulose --- nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) --- formulation optimization --- rivastigmine --- quality by design (QbD) --- nasal route --- nose-to-brain --- N-alkylisatin --- liposome --- urokinase plasminogen activator --- PAI-2 --- SerpinB2 --- breast cancer --- liposomes --- target delivery nanosystem --- FZD10 protein --- colon cancer therapy --- supersaturation --- silica-lipid hybrid --- spray drying --- lipolysis --- lipid-based formulation --- fenofibrate --- mesoporous silica --- oral drug delivery --- hyaluronic acid --- drug release --- light activation --- stability --- mobility --- biocorona --- dissolution enhancement --- phospholipids --- solid dosage forms --- porous microparticles --- nanoemulsion(s) --- phase-behavior --- DoE --- D-optimal design --- vegetable oils --- non-ionic surfactants --- efavirenz --- flaxseed oil --- nanostructured lipid carriers --- nanocarrier --- docohexaenoic acid --- neuroprotection --- neuroinflammation --- fluconazole --- Box‒Behnken design --- nanotransfersome --- ulcer index --- zone of inhibition --- rheological behavior --- ex vivo permeation --- nanomedicine --- cancer --- doxorubicin --- melanoma --- drug delivery --- ultrasound contrast agents --- phospholipid coating --- ligand distribution --- cholesterol --- acoustic response --- microbubble --- lipid phase --- dialysis --- ammonia --- intoxication --- cyanocobalamin --- vitamin B12 --- atopic dermatitis --- psoriasis --- transferosomes --- lipid vesicles --- skin topical delivery --- oligonucleotide --- self-emulsifying drug delivery systems --- hydrophobic ion pairing --- intestinal permeation enhancers --- Caco-2 monolayer --- clarithromycin --- solid lipid nanoparticles --- optimization --- permeation --- pharmacokinetics --- follicular targeting --- dexamethasone --- alopecia areata --- lipomers --- lipid polymer hybrid nanocapsules --- biodistribution --- skin --- ethyl cellulose